Mario Lanza (Mario Lanza) |

mario lamba

"Ili ndiye liwu labwino kwambiri m'zaka za zana la XNUMX!" - Arturo Toscanini kamodzi adanena pamene adamva Lanz ngati Duke ku Verdi's Rigoletto pa siteji ya Metropolitan Opera. Zowonadi, woimbayo anali ndi chodabwitsa chodabwitsa cha velvet timbre.

Mario Lanza (dzina lenileni Alfredo Arnold Cocozza) anabadwa pa January 31, 1921 ku Philadelphia ku banja la Italy. Freddie adayamba kukonda nyimbo za opera. Ndinamvetsera mwachisangalalo ndi kuloweza nyimbo zoimbidwa ndi akatswiri oimba achitaliyana a m’gulu lolemera la abambo anga. Komabe, kuposa mnyamatayo ndiye ankakonda masewera ndi anzake. Koma, mwachiwonekere, chinachake chinali mu majini ake. El de Palma, mwini shopu pa Vine Street ku Philadelphia, akukumbukira kuti: “Ndikukumbukira madzulo ena. Ngati kukumbukira kwanga kumanditumikira bwino, munali m'chaka cha makumi atatu ndi zisanu ndi zinayi. Mkuntho weniweni unayamba ku Philadelphia. Mzindawu unali utakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Zonse ndi zoyera-zoyera. Ndaphonya bala. Ine sindikuyembekeza alendo ... Ndiyeno chitseko chimatseguka; Ndimayang'ana ndipo sindimakhulupirira maso anga: bwenzi langa laling'ono Alfredo Cocozza mwiniwake. Zonse zili mu chipale chofewa, pomwe chipewa cha oyendetsa sitima ya buluu ndi sweti ya buluu sizikuwoneka bwino. Freddie ali ndi mtolo m'manja mwake. Popanda kunena chilichonse, adalowa mkati mwa lesitilantiyo, nakhazikika pakona yake yotentha kwambiri ndikuyamba kusewera ndi Caruso ndi Ruffo ... Zomwe ndinawona zinandidabwitsa: Freddie anali kulira, kumvetsera nyimbo ... Anakhala choncho kwa nthawi yaitali. Chapakati pausiku, ndinayitana Freddie mosamala kuti nthawi yotseka shopuyo inali itakwana. Freddie sanandimve ndipo ndinapita kukagona. Anabwerera m'mawa, Freddie pamalo omwewo. Zinapezeka kuti amamvetsera nyimbo usiku wonse ... Kenako ndinamufunsa Freddie za usiku umenewo. Anamwetulira mwamanyazi nati, “Signor de Palma, ndinali wachisoni kwambiri. Ndipo ndinu womasuka kwambiri. ”…

Sindidzaiwala chochitikachi. Zonse zinkawoneka zachilendo kwa ine panthawiyo. Kupatula apo, Freddie Cocozza yemwe amakhalapo nthawi zonse, monga ndimakumbukira, anali wosiyana kwambiri: wosewera, wovuta. Iye nthawi zonse ankachita "zozizwitsa". Tinamutcha kuti Jesse James chifukwa cha zimenezo. Analowa mu sitolo ngati dalaivala. Ngati akufuna chinachake, sananene, koma anaimba pempho ... Mwanjira ina iye anabwera ... Zinkawoneka kwa ine kuti Freddie anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndi chinachake. Monga nthawi zonse, adayimba pempho lake. Ndinamuponyera galasi la ayisikilimu. Freddie anaigwira pa ntchentche ndikuimba moseka kuti: “Ngati ndiwe Mfumu ya Nkhumba, ndiye kuti ndikhala Mfumu ya Oimba!”

Mphunzitsi woyamba wa Freddie anali Giovanni Di Sabato. Iye anali wopitirira makumi asanu ndi atatu. Anayamba kuphunzitsa Freddie nyimbo ndi solfeggio. Ndiyeno panali makalasi ndi A. Williams ndi G. Garnell.

Monga m'miyoyo ya oimba ambiri otchuka, Freddie nayenso anali ndi mwayi wopuma. Lanza akuti:

“Nthaŵi ina ndinafunikira kuthandiza kupatsa piyano pa oda yolandiridwa ndi ofesi ya zoyendera. Chidacho chinayenera kubweretsedwa ku Philadelphia Academy of Music. Oyimba opambana aku America akhala akuchita nawo sukuluyi kuyambira 1857. Osati America yokha. Pafupifupi apurezidenti onse aku America, kuyambira ndi Abraham Lincoln, akhala pano ndikupereka zokamba zawo zodziwika bwino. Ndipo nthawi iliyonse ndikadutsa pafupi ndi nyumba yaikuluyi, ndinkavula chipewa changa modzifunira.

Nditakhazikitsa piyano, ndinali pafupi kuchoka ndi anzanga pamene mwadzidzidzi ndinawona mkulu wa Philadelphia Forum, Bambo William C. Huff, amene nthaŵi ina anandimvetsera kwa mlangizi wanga Irene Williams. Anathamangira kukakumana nane, koma ataona “ntchito yanga ya kanthaŵi,” anadabwa kwambiri. Ndinali nditavala maovololo, mpango wofiira unamangidwa pakhosi panga, chibwano changa chinawazidwa ndi fodya - chingamu ichi chomwe chinali m'fashoni panthawiyo.

“Kodi ukutani kuno, mnzanga wamng’ono?”

-Kodi simukuwona? Ndimasuntha piano.

Huff anagwedeza mutu wake monyoza.

“Kodi sukuchita manyazi, mnyamata? Ndi liwu loterolo! Tiyenera kuphunzira kuyimba, osati kuyesa kusuntha limba.

Ndinaseka.

"Ndifunse, ndi ndalama zanji?" Palibe mamiliyoni m'banja langa ...

Panthawiyi, wotsogolera wotchuka Sergei Koussevitzky anali atangomaliza kubwereza ndi Boston Symphony Orchestra mu Great Hall ndipo, thukuta ndi chopukutira pamapewa ake, adalowa m'chipinda chake chovala. Bambo Huff anandigwira paphewa n’kundikankhira m’chipinda choyandikana ndi cha Koussevitzky. “Tsopano yimba! anakuwa. "Imbani ngati simunayimbepo!" - "Ndipo kuyimba chiyani?" "Chitani chilichonse, chonde fulumirani!" Ndinalavulira chingamu ndikuyimba ...

Patapita nthawi, mphunzitsi Koussevitzky analowa m'chipinda chathu.

Mawu amenewo ali kuti? Mawu odabwitsa amenewo? Adakuwa ndikundilonjera mwansangala. Analumphira ku piyano ndikuyang'ana mtundu wanga. Ndipo, kundipsompsona pamasaya onse awiri m’njira ya kum’maŵa, maestro, mosazengereza kwa mphindi imodzi, anandipempha kutenga nawo mbali pa Chikondwerero cha Nyimbo za Berkshire, chomwe chinkachitika chaka chilichonse ku Tanglewood, Massachusetts. Adapereka kukonzekera kwanga kwa chikondwererochi kwa oimba achichepere odziwika bwino monga Leonard Bernstein, Lukas Foss ndi Boris Goldovsky… ”

Pa Ogasiti 7, 1942, woyimba wachinyamatayo adayamba kukondwerera Chikondwerero cha Tanglewood m'gawo laling'ono la Fenton mu sewero lamasewera la Nicolai The Merry Wives of Windsor. Panthawiyo, anali atachita kale dzina la Mario Lanza, akutenga dzina la amayi ake ngati pseudonym.

Tsiku lotsatira, ngakhale New York Times inalemba mokondwera kuti: "Mnyamata wina wazaka makumi awiri, Mario Lanza, ali ndi luso lachilendo, ngakhale kuti mawu ake alibe kukhwima ndi luso. Nyimbo zake zosayerekezeka sizimafanana ndi oimba onse amakono. ” Manyuzipepala ena adatsamwitsidwanso ndi matamando: "Kuyambira nthawi ya Caruso sipanakhale mawu otero ...", "Chozizwitsa chatsopano chapezeka ...", "Lanza ndi Caruso wachiwiri ...", "Nyenyezi yatsopano idabadwa mu mlengalenga wa opera! "

Lanza adabwerera ku Philadelphia wodzaza ndi malingaliro ndi chiyembekezo. Komabe, zodabwitsa zinali kumuyembekezera: kuitanidwa kukagwira ntchito yankhondo ku United States Air Force. Chifukwa chake Lanza adachita makonsati ake oyamba pantchito yake, pakati pa oyendetsa ndege. Womalizayo sanadutse pakuwunika kwa talente yake: "Caruso of Aeronautics", "Caruso Wachiwiri"!

Pambuyo pa demobilization mu 1945, Lanza anapitiriza maphunziro ake ndi mphunzitsi wotchuka wa ku Italy E. Rosati. Tsopano iye anachita chidwi ndi kuimba ndipo anayamba kukonzekera kwambiri ntchito ya woimba wa zisudzo.

Pa July 8, 1947, Lanza anayamba kuyendera mizinda ya USA ndi Canada ndi Bel Canto Trio. Pa July 1947, XNUMX, Chicago Tribune inalemba kuti: “Mnyamata Mario Lanza wapanga chidwi. Mnyamata wamapewa aakulu amene wavula yunifolomu ya usilikali posachedwapa akuimba ndi ufulu wosatsutsika, popeza anabadwa woimba. Luso lake lidzakongoletsa nyumba iliyonse ya zisudzo padziko lapansi. "

Tsiku lotsatira, Grand Park inadzaza ndi anthu 76 ofunitsitsa kuona ndi maso ndi makutu awo kukhalapo kwa tenor yodabwitsa. Ngakhale nyengo yoipa sinawawopsyeze. Tsiku lotsatira, kutagwa mvula yamphamvu, omvera oposa 125 anasonkhana kuno. Wolemba nyimbo ku Chicago Tribune Claudia Cassidy analemba kuti:

“Mario Lanza, wachinyamata wodzitukumula, wamaso amdima, ali ndi mphatso ya mawu achilengedwe, omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito mwachibadwa. Komabe, ali ndi ma nuances ambiri kotero kuti ndizosatheka kuphunzira. Iye amadziwa chinsinsi choloŵa m’mitima ya omvera. Aria yovuta kwambiri ya Radames imachitika kalasi yoyamba. Omvera anabangula mosangalala. Lanza anamwetulira mosangalala. Zinkawoneka kuti iye mwiniyo anadabwa ndi kusangalala kuposa wina aliyense.

M'chaka chomwecho, woimbayo anaitanidwa kukaimba ku New Orleans Opera House. Udindo woyamba unali gawo la Pinkerton mu "Chio-Chio-San" ndi G. Puccini. Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi ntchito ya La Traviata ndi G. Verdi ndi Andre Chenier ndi W. Giordano.

Kutchuka kwa woimbayo kunakula ndi kufalikira. Malinga ndi concertmaster wa woimba Constantino Kallinikos, Lanza anapereka zoimbaimba bwino mu 1951:

"Mukawona ndi kumva zomwe zidachitika m'mizinda 22 yaku US m'mwezi wa February, Marichi ndi Epulo 1951, mutha kumvetsetsa momwe wojambula angakhudzire anthu. Ndinaliko! Ndaona zimenezo! Ndinamva! Ndinadabwa ndi izi! Nthawi zambiri ndinkakhumudwa, nthawi zina kunyozedwa, koma, ndithudi, dzina langa silinali Mario Lanza.

Lanza adadziposa yekha m'miyezi imeneyo. Chisonyezero cha anthu ambiri cha ulendowo chinasonyezedwa ndi magazini olimba a Time kuti: “Ngakhale Caruso sanali wokondeka kwambiri ndipo sanasonkhezere kulambira konga kumene Mario Lanza anayambitsa paulendowo.”

Ndikakumbukira ulendo uwu wa Great Caruso, ndikuwona makamu a anthu, mumzinda uliwonse kulimbikitsa magulu apolisi a Mario Lanza, mwinamwake akanaphwanyidwa ndi mafani okwiya; maulendo osalekeza ndi miyambo yolandiridwa, misonkhano ya atolankhani yosatha yomwe Lanza nthawi zonse amanyansidwa nayo; phokoso losatha lomuzungulira, kusuzumira pobowo la makiyi, kuloŵerera kosaitanidwa m’chipinda cha wojambula wake, kufunika kotaya nthaŵi pambuyo pa konsati iliyonse kudikirira kuti makamu abalalike; kubwerera ku hotelo pakati pausiku; kuthyola mabatani ndi kuba mipango… Lanza inaposa zonse zomwe ndimayembekezera!”

Panthawi imeneyo, Lanza anali atalandira kale mwayi womwe unasintha tsogolo lake lolenga. M'malo mokhala woimba wa opera, kutchuka kwa wochita filimu kunamuyembekezera. Kampani yaikulu kwambiri ya mafilimu m’dzikoli, Metro-Goldwyn-Meyer, inasaina pangano ndi Mario kuti apange mafilimu angapo. Ngakhale poyamba sizinali zosalala. Mufilimu yoyamba, Lanz adafotokozedwa mwachidule ndikuchita mosakonzekera. Kusasangalatsa komanso kusamvetsetsana kwamasewera ake kunakakamiza opanga mafilimuwo kuti alowe m'malo mwa wosewerayo, ndikusunga mawu a Lanza kumbuyo. Koma Mario sanafooke. Chithunzi chotsatira, "The Darling of New Orleans" (1951), chimamubweretsa bwino.

Woimba wotchuka M. Magomayev analemba m’buku lake ponena za Lanz:

"Chiwembu cha tepi yatsopano, yomwe idalandira mutu womaliza" New Orleans Darling ", inali ndi leitmotif wamba ndi "Midnight Kiss". Mu filimu yoyamba, Lanza adasewera ngati wonyamula katundu yemwe adakhala "kalonga wa siteji ya opera." Ndipo chachiwiri, iye, msodzi, amasandulika kukhala masewero oyamba.

Koma pamapeto pake, sizikhudza chiwembucho. Lanza adadziwulula yekha ngati wosewera wachilendo. Zoonadi, zochitika zakale zimaganiziridwa. Mario adakopekanso ndi script, yomwe idakwanitsa kukulitsa moyo wopanda ulemu wa ngwaziyo ndi zambiri zowutsa mudyo. Filimuyo inali yodzaza ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamalingaliro, kumene kunali malo okhudza mawu okhudza mtima, maseŵero oletsa, ndi nthabwala zonyezimira.

"The Favorite of New Orleans" adapereka dziko lonse ziwerengero zodabwitsa za nyimbo: zidutswa za opera, zachikondi ndi nyimbo zomwe zinapangidwa m'mavesi a Sammy Kahn ndi wolemba Nicholas Brodsky, yemwe, monga tanenera kale, anali pafupi ndi Lanz: zokambirana zawo. chinachitika pa chingwe cha mtima umodzi. Kupsa mtima, mawu achikondi, mawu owopsa ... Izi ndi zomwe zidawagwirizanitsa, ndipo koposa zonse, ndi mikhalidwe iyi yomwe idawonetsedwa mu nyimbo yayikulu ya filimuyo "Khalani wokondedwa wanga!", yomwe, ndingayerekeze kunena, idakhala yotchuka kwambiri. nthawi zonse.

M'tsogolomu, mafilimu omwe ali ndi Mario amatsatira limodzi pambuyo pake: The Great Caruso (1952), Chifukwa Ndiwe Wanga (1956), Serenade (1958), Mipirili isanu ndi iwiri ya Rome (1959). Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chinakopa anthu ambiri owonerera m'mafilimuwa chinali "kuimba kwamatsenga" kwa Lanz.

M'mafilimu ake aposachedwa, woimbayo amaimba nyimbo zambiri zaku Italy. Zimakhalanso maziko a mapulogalamu ake a konsati ndi zojambula.

Pang'onopang'ono, wojambulayo amakhala ndi chilakolako chodzipereka kwathunthu ku siteji, luso la mawu. Lanza adayesa kotere kumayambiriro kwa 1959. Woimbayo amachoka ku USA ndikukhazikika ku Roma. Kalanga, maloto a Lanz sanakonzekere kukwaniritsidwa. Anamwalira m'chipatala pa October 7, 1959, m'mikhalidwe yomwe sinafotokozedwe bwino.