Monothematism |

kuchokera ku Greek monos - imodzi, imodzi ndi mutu - maziko ake ndi chiyani

Mfundo yomanga nyimbo. ntchito zogwirizanitsidwa ndi kutanthauzira kwapadera kwa mutu umodzi kapena mitu imodzi. M. ayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi lingaliro la "mono-mdima", lomwe limatanthawuza mawonekedwe a non-cyclic. dongosolo (fugue, kusiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe osavuta a magawo awiri ndi atatu, rondo, etc.). M. imachokera ku kuphatikiza kwa sonata-symphony. mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena gawo limodzi lochokera mumutu umodzi. Mutu woterewu nthawi zambiri umatchedwa leitteme kapena, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu okhudzana ndi machitidwe opangira opaleshoni ndikuwonetsa zochitika zokhudzana ndi M., leitmotif.

Zoyambira za M. zili mu kufanana kwamitundu yonse kwa mitu yoyambira m'magawo osiyanasiyana a cyclic. prod. 17-18 zaka, mwachitsanzo. Corelli, Mozart ndi ena:

A. Corelli. Trio sonata op. 2 n9.

A. Corelli. Trio Sonata op. 3 ndi2.

A. Corelli. Trio Sonata op. 1 ndi10.

WA Mozart. Symphony g-moll.

Koma m'lingaliro lomwe la M. linagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ndi L. Beethoven mu symphony ya 5, pomwe mutu woyamba umachitika mu mawonekedwe osinthika kudutsa mkombero wonse:

Mfundo ya Beethoven inapanga maziko a M. Y oimba a nthawi zamtsogolo.

G. Berlioz mu "Fantastic Symphony", "Harold ku Italy" ndi zina zozungulira. prod. imapereka mutu wotsogola (leitmotif) wokhala ndi pulogalamu. Mu Fantastic Symphony (1830), mutuwu ukuyimira chithunzi cha wokondedwa wa ngwazi, kutsagana naye nthawi zosiyanasiyana m'moyo wake. Pomaliza iye akuwululidwa makamaka wankhanza. kusintha, kujambula wokondedwa ngati mmodzi wa otenga nawo mbali mu wosangalatsa. gulu la mfiti:

G. Berlioz. "Fantastic Symphony", gawo I.

Momwemonso, gawo IV.

Ku Harold ku Italy (1834), mutu wotsogola umayimira chithunzi cha Ch. ngwaziyo ndipo amapatsidwa kwa woyimba solo nthawi zonse, atayima motsutsana ndi maziko azithunzi za pulogalamu.

Mu angapo M. amatanthauziridwa mu mawonekedwe osiyana mu kupanga. F. Mndandanda. Chikhumbo chofuna kumveketsa bwino kwambiri nyimbo ndi ndakatulo. ziwembu, chitukuko cha zithunzi to-rykh nthawi zambiri sichinagwirizane ndi miyambo. nyimbo zomanga mapulani. prod. mawonekedwe akulu, adatsogolera Liszt ku lingaliro lomanga zinthu zonse zamapulogalamu. pamaziko a mutu womwewo, womwe udasinthidwa kusinthika kophiphiritsa ndikuwola. mawonekedwe ofanana ndi dec. magawo a chitukuko cha chiwembu.

Mwachitsanzo, mu ndakatulo ya symphonic "Preludes" (1848-54) cholinga chachifupi cha phokoso la 3, chomwe chimatsegula mawu oyamba, ndiyeno, ndakatulo. pulogalamu imapanga maziko a mutu wosiyana kwambiri, wosiyana. mabungwe:

F. Mndandanda. Ndakatulo ya Symphonic "Preludes". Mawu Oyamba.

Phwando lalikulu.

Kugwirizana phwando.

Mbali phwando.

Development.

Chigawo.

Unity thematic. maziko muzochitika zotere amatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa ntchito. Mogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya monothematism, List anayamba symphony khalidwe lake. ndakatulo za mtundu watsopano wa mawonekedwe, momwe mawonekedwe a sonata Allegro ndi sonata-symphony adaphatikizidwa. kuzungulira. Liszt anagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya M. ndi cyclic. nyimbo za pulogalamu (symphony "Faust", 1854; "Dante", 1855-57), ndi ntchito zomwe sizinaperekedwe ndi pulogalamu yamawu (sonata mu h-moll ya piyano, etc.). Njira yophiphiritsa ya Liszt yosinthira imagwiritsa ntchito zomwe adapeza kale pankhani yakusintha kwa mitu, kuphatikiza kusiyanasiyana kwachikondi.

M. Lisztovsky mtundu mu mawonekedwe ake koyera mu wotsatira nthawi analandira kokha ntchito yochepa, popeza mafanizo ndi qualitatively Sec. zithunzi mothandizidwa ndi rhythmic yosiyana, metric, harmonic, textural ndi timbre kamangidwe ka mawu amodzi amatembenuka (kusintha komwe kungayambitse kutayika kwa mgwirizano wamutu wokha) kumasokoneza zolembazo. Nthawi yomweyo, mukugwiritsa ntchito kwaulere, kuphatikiza ndi mfundo zanthawi zonse za muses. Kukula kwa leittematism, monothematism ndi mfundo ya kusinthika kophiphiritsa komwe kumakhudzana nawo zapezeka ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri (ma symphonies a 4 ndi 5 a Tchaikovsky, symphony ndi ntchito zingapo za chipinda cha Taneyev, ma symphonies a Scriabin, Lyapunov, 7th ndi nyimbo zina za Shostakovich, kuchokera ku ntchito za oimba akunja - symphony ya S. Frank ndi quartet, Saint-Saens '3rd symphony, Dvorak's 9th symphony, etc.).

VP Bobrovsky