George Solti |

Georg solti

Ndi ndani mwa oyendetsa amakono omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mphotho ndi mphotho zojambulira pamarekodi? Ngakhale kuti palibe kuwerengera koteroko, ndithudi, kunachitikapo, otsutsa ena amakhulupirira kuti mkulu wamakono ndi kondakitala wamkulu wa Covent Garden Theatre ku London, Georg (George) Solti, akanakhala katswiri pa ntchitoyi. Pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, mabungwe osiyanasiyana apadziko lonse lapansi, mabungwe, makampani ndi magazini amalemekeza wotsogolera ndi ulemu wapamwamba kwambiri. Iye ndiye wopambana Mphotho ya Edison yomwe idaperekedwa ku Netherlands, Mphotho ya Otsutsa aku America, Mphotho ya Charles Cross yaku France yolemba Mahler's Second Symphonies (1967); zolemba zake za Wagner operas adalandira Grand Prix ya French Record Academy kanayi: Rhine Gold (1959), Tristan und Isolde (1962), Siegfried (1964), Valkyrie (1966); mu 1963, Salome wake anapatsidwa mphoto yomweyo.

Chinsinsi cha kupambana koteroko sikuti Solti amalemba zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi oimba solo monga B. Nilsson, J. Sutherland, V. Windgassen, X. Hotter ndi ojambula ena apadziko lonse. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi sitolo yosungiramo luso la wojambula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zojambula zake zikhale zabwino kwambiri. Monga momwe wosuliza wina ananenera, Solti analemba mwa “kupitirira ntchito zake ndi mazana aŵiri pa zana kuti apeze mazana ofunikira monga chotulukapo.” Amakonda kubwereza zidutswa za munthu mobwerezabwereza, kukwaniritsa mpumulo pa mutu uliwonse, kusungunuka ndi kukongola kwa phokoso, kulondola kwachidule; amakonda kugwira ntchito ndi lumo ndi zomatira pa tepi, poganizira gawo ili la ntchito yake komanso njira yolenga ndikukwaniritsa kuti womvera amalandira zolemba zomwe palibe "seams" zomwe zimawoneka. Oimba muzojambula amawonekera kwa wotsogolera ngati chida chovuta chomwe chimamuthandiza kukwaniritsa malingaliro ake onse.

Chotsatiracho, komabe, chimagwiranso ntchito pa ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya wojambula, yemwe ntchito yake yaikulu ndi nyumba ya opera.

Mphamvu zazikulu za Solti ndi ntchito ya Wagner, R. Strauss, Mahler ndi olemba amakono. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti dziko la maganizo ena, zithunzi zina phokoso ndi mlendo wochititsa. Anatsimikizira kusinthasintha kwake pazaka zambiri za ntchito yolenga yaitali.

Solti anakulira mumzinda wakwawo wa Budapest, anamaliza maphunziro ake kuno mu 1930 ku Academy of Music mu giredi 3. Kodai monga woimba nyimbo ndi E. Donany monga woimba piyano. Atalandira diploma yake ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, adapita kukagwira ntchito ku Budapest Opera House ndipo adatenga malo a kondakitala kumeneko mu 1933. Kutchuka kwapadziko lonse kunabwera kwa wojambula atakumana ndi Toscanini. Izo zinachitika ku Salzburg, kumene Solti, monga kondakitala wothandizira, mwa njira anali ndi mwayi kubwereza rehearsal Ukwati wa Figaro. Mwamwayi, Toscanini anali m'masitolo, amene anamvetsera mosamala kubwereza konse. Pamene Solti anamaliza, panali bata la imfa, pamene liwu limodzi lokha lonenedwa ndi mphunzitsiyo linamveka: “Bene!” - "Chabwino!". Posakhalitsa aliyense anadziwa za izo, ndipo tsogolo labwino linatsegukira pamaso pa wotsogolera wachichepereyo. Koma popeza chipani cha Nazi chinayamba kulamulira, Solti anasamukira ku Switzerland. Kwa nthawi yaitali analibe mwayi wotsogolera ndipo anaganiza zoimba piyano. Ndiyeno kupambana anabwera mofulumira kwambiri: mu 1942 iye anapambana mphoto yoyamba pa mpikisano ku Geneva, anayamba kupereka zoimbaimba. Mu 1944, ataitanidwa ndi Ansermet, iye anachita zoimbaimba angapo ndi Swiss Radio Orchestra, ndipo pambuyo nkhondo anabwerera kuchititsa.

Mu 1947, Solti adakhala mtsogoleri wa Munich Opera House, mu 1952 adakhala kondakitala wamkulu ku Frankfurt am Main. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Solti wakhala akuyenda m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya ndipo wakhala akuchita nthawi zonse ku US kuyambira 1953; komabe, mosasamala kanthu za zopindulitsa zambiri, iye akukana m’mbali zonse za kusamukira kutsidya la nyanja. Kuyambira 1961, Solti wakhala mtsogoleri wa imodzi mwa zisudzo zabwino kwambiri ku Europe - London's Covent Garden, komwe adapanga zinthu zingapo zabwino kwambiri. Mphamvu, kukonda kwambiri nyimbo kunapangitsa Solti kuzindikirika padziko lonse lapansi: amakondedwa kwambiri ku England, komwe adalandira dzina loti "mfiti wamkulu wa ndodo ya okonda."

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969