Zosunthika counterpoint |

Zosuntha zotsutsana - mtundu wa zovuta zotsutsana nazo, kuphatikiza kwa nyimbo za polyphonic (zosiyana, komanso zofanana, zofanana, zomwe zimayikidwa mu mawonekedwe otsanzira), kutanthauza kupanga imodzi kapena zingapo. zotumphukira zotumphukira chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chiŵerengero choyambirira mwa kukonzanso (kusuntha, kusuntha) nyimbo zosasinthazi. Kutengera ndi njira yosinthira, malinga ndi ziphunzitso za SI Taneyev, pali mitundu itatu ya P. mpaka .: yosunthika molunjika, kutengera kusintha koyambirira. chiŵerengero cha nyimbo mu utali, - kugwirizana kochokera (onani zitsanzo za nyimbo b, c, d, e) amapangidwa ndi kusamutsa nyimboyo ku kagawo kakang'ono kapena pansi (ie vertically); chosunthika chosunthika, kutengera kusintha kwa nyimbo imodzi, mawu achibale ndi ena, - kulumikizana kochokera (onani zitsanzo f, g) kumapangidwa kuchokera pakusuntha kwa nyimbo imodzi. mawu a kuchuluka kwa miyeso (kumenyedwa kwa muyeso) kumanja kapena kumanzere (ie, mopingasa);

SI Taneev. Kuchokera m'buku "Mobile counterpoint of strict writing".

kawiri mafoni, kuphatikiza katundu wa 2 wapitawo, - chotengera chochokera (onani zitsanzo h, i, j) amapangidwa chifukwa cha nthawi imodzi. kusintha kwa kutalika kwa chiŵerengero ndi chiŵerengero cha mphindi zolowera nyimbo. mavoti (molunjika ndi mopingasa).

Mu zokongoletsa Pokhudzana ndi polyphony, monga kusinthidwa kosinthika kwa kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zosasinthika, monga mgwirizano wa kukonzanso ndi kubwerezabwereza, kumene kukonzanso sikufika pa mlingo wa khalidwe losiyana, ndipo kubwerezabwereza kumalemetsedwa ndi zachilendo zamapangidwe, zimawonekera. kukhala chimodzi mwamawonetseredwe enieni a polyphonic. kuganiza (onani Polyphony).

Phindu lalikulu kwambiri ndikugawa ndi vertical-P. ku. Kotero, iye ndi luso. maziko a polygonal. canons a gulu 1 (kupatula omwe mawu amalowa nthawi yomweyo komanso mbali yomweyo).

Mwachitsanzo, mu quadruple. fp. Mu ovomerezeka a AV Stanchinsky, permutations ofukula amawuka, dongosolo limene akhoza kufotokozedwa ndi chiwembu zotsatirazi:

Apa Rl pokhudzana ndi R (onani Risposta, Proposta) ndi R3 pokhudzana ndi R2 lowetsani octave yapamwamba; R2 imalowa m'munsi mwachisanu molingana ndi R1; 1st chigawo choyamba b + a1, zotumphukira zake a2 + b1 ndi b2 + a3, 2 chigawo choyamba c + b1, zotumphukira zake b2 + c1, ca + b3; chotsutsana chapawiri cha duodecym chinagwiritsidwa ntchito (Iv = -11; onani pansipa). Zololeza mu vertical-P. k. - katundu wa ma canon opanda malire (kupatula ma canon mu Ine ndivomereza) ndi ovomerezeka. Zotsatira za gulu loyamba. Mwachitsanzo, mu chisangalalo-kumveka mitu iwiri. M'mawu osatha omwe adayambitsidwa ndi MI Glinka pamapeto omaliza a coda kuchokera pachiwonetsero kupita ku opera Ruslan ndi Lyudmila, mawuwo amapanga zilolezo zotsatirazi:

Apa: koyambirira pawiri b + a1 (mipiringidzo 28-27, 24-23, 20-19 kuchokera kumapeto kwa chiwonongeko), chochokera ku + b1 (mipiringidzo 26-25, 22-21); octave double counterpoint idagwiritsidwa ntchito (molondola, decimals yachisanu, Iv = -14). Zitsanzo za vertical-P. chifukwa mu canon. kutsatana: mitu iwiri. invention a-moll No. 13 ndi. C. Bach, mipiringidzo 3-4 (kutsika mumasekondi); nyimbo zamphamvu kwambiri za gawo lachitatu la cantata "Yohane waku Damasiko" lolembedwa ndi Taneyev lili ndi zitsanzo zosoweka za kutsatizana m'mawu anayi: mu nambala 3 kutengera zomwe zikukulirakulira kwa mutuwo (kutsatizana kutsika mu magawo atatu, mu chowonadi ndi kuwirikiza kwa mawu), mu nambala 13 kutengera cholinga choyambirira cha mutuwo (wovuta ndi kusamuka kopingasa). Woima-P. chifukwa - chikhalidwe cha fugues zovuta ndi fugues ndi kutsutsidwa kosungidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu fugue iwiri yochokera ku Kyrie mu Requiem V. A. Mozart, mitu iwiri yosiyana imapanga kulumikizana koyamba mu mipiringidzo (abbr. — tt.) 1-4; zotumphukira za mitu zimatsata pafupifupi popanda kuphatikizika mu ma vols. 5-8 (octave permutation), 8-11, 17-20 (potsirizira pake permutation kuti duodecime) ndi zina zotero. Concentration contrapuntal. njira (zovomerezeka zowongoka za mitu ya 3) zimawonetsa kubwereza kwa fugue katatu mu C kuchokera ku FP. Mzunguliro wa "Ludus tonalis" wa Hindemith, pomwe kulumikizana koyamba mu ma vols. 35-37 ndi zotuluka m'ma vol. 38-40, 43-45, 46-48. Mu Cis-dur fugue kuchokera mu voliyumu yoyamba ya Well-Tempered Clavier lolemba I. C. Mutu wa Bach wa fugue ndi mawu osungidwawo amapanga cholumikizira choyambirira mu tt. 5-7, zotengedwa m'mavol. 10-12, 19-21 ndi kupitirira. Mutu ndi zotsutsana ziwiri zomwe zidasungidwa mu fugue ndi D. D. Shostakovich C-dur (No 1) kuchokera ku piyano. kuzungulira "24 preludes and fugues" amapanga kulumikizana koyamba mu ma vols. 19-26, yochokera m’magawo. 40-47, 48-55, 58-65, 66-73. Woima-P. chifukwa ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira chitukuko ndi mapangidwe a fugues okhala ndi ma polyphonically interludes. Mwachitsanzo, mu c-moll fugue kuchokera mu voliyumu yoyamba ya Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, interlude 1st (vol. 5-6) - koyamba, 4 (tt. 17-18) - zochokera (Iv = -11, ndi kuwirikiza pang'ono kwa mawu apansi), kuphatikizapo. 19 yochokera ku chiyambi cha 4 interlude (Iv = -14, ndi kuchokera 1 interlude Iv = -3); 2nd interlude (vols. 9-10) - koyambirira, kaphatikizidwe ka 5 (t. 22-23) ndi chotulukapo chokhala ndi chilolezo cha mawu awiri apamwamba. Mu homophonic ndi wosakaniza homophonic-polyphonic. ofukula-P mafomu. chifukwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira imodzi kapena ina mu gawo lililonse, mwachitsanzo. popanga mutuwo poyambitsa gulu loyamba la symphony ya 1 ya Glazunov (5 vols. mpaka nambala 2 - koyamba, 4 t. mpaka nambala 2 - yochokera). Powonetsa mutu wam'mbali mumayendedwe 1 a symphony ya 4 yolembedwa ndi P. NDI. Tchaikovsky (yoyambirira imayamba mu vol. 122, zochokera kuphatikizirapo. 128) vertical permutation ndi njira ya melodic. kuchuluka kwa mawu. nyimbo. Nthawi zina mayendedwe osunthika amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa mapangidwe osavuta (L. Beethoven, fp. sonata op. 2 No 2, Largo appassionato: choyambirira chiri pakati pa mawonekedwe a magawo awiri, mwachitsanzo. 9, zotumphukira - m'mavols. 10 ndi 11); mu chitukuko cha sonata, iyi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukulitsa chidwi (mwachitsanzo, mumayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku Es-dur quartet yolembedwa ndi V. A. Mozart, K.-V. 428: choyambirira - vols. 85-86, zotumphukira - vols. 87-88, 89-90, 91-92). Polyphonic imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. kukonza zinthuzo mothandizidwa ndi kusintha koyima m'magawo obwereza, komwe kumathandizira kukonzanso mawu (mwachitsanzo, mu ndakatulo ya Scriabin op. 32 No 1 Fis-dur, zochokera kuphatikizirapo. 25). Nthawi zambiri zilolezo zoyimirira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza. zigawo za mawonekedwe (mwachitsanzo, mu code ya Glinka ya Aragonese Jota: choyambirira ndi nambala 24, chochokera ndi 25). Woima-P. chifukwa - mmodzi wa ambiri ntchito polyphonic njira. kusiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, mu kayendedwe ka 3 kuchokera ku Borodin's D-dur quartet: choyambirira mu reprise ndi nambala 4, kapena zina zotero. 111, yochokera - nambala 5 kapena zina zotero. 133; mu No.

Kukula kwa zopingasa zosunthika komanso zosunthika kawiri ndizochepa. T. n. "kutsutsa ndi popanda kupuma" kuchokera ku misa ya P. Mulu (yotchulidwa ndi SI Taneyev mu "Mobile counterpoint" ndi kusindikizidwanso mu kope 1 la MV Ivanov-Boretsky's Musical-Historical Reader, No 42) idakali yokhayo mwa njira yakeyake chitsanzo cha nyimbo. kupanga, kwathunthu kutengera horizontally-P. k. :polyphonic. chidutswacho chikhoza kuchitidwa m'matembenuzidwe a 2 - ndi kupuma (koyambirira) ndipo popanda iwo (ochokera); Kusowa uku kumagwira ntchito ngati fanizo labwino la njira zogwirira ntchito za ambuye anthawi ya kalembedwe kaustere. Ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti njira yopingasa komanso iwiri-P. k. imayang'anira ma canon a gulu lachiwiri (mwachitsanzo, kumveka ngati pachimake cha chitukuko kuchokera ku gawo loyamba la symphony yachisanu ya DD Shostakovich, kanoni wapawiri, pomwe mitu yayikulu ndi yachiwiri imaphatikizidwa, nambala 2) ndi ovomerezeka. kutsatizana kwa gulu lachiwiri (mwachitsanzo, mu gawo la 1 la quartet ya Myaskovsky No. 5, vol. 32 et seq.). Pafupifupi mitundu yodziwika ya P. to. kukumana m'mafugue okhala ndi mtunda wosiyanasiyana wa mawu oyamba. Mwachitsanzo, fugue ngati ricercar mu C-dur kuchokera mu voliyumu yoyamba ya Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier kwenikweni imakhala ndi strettas zovuta kwambiri; mu Credo (No 2) kuchokera ku Misa mu h-moll lolemba JS Bach, choyambirira - vols. 2-3, zotumphukira - vols. 70-1, 12-4 . Mu fugue kuchokera ku Ravel's Tomb of Couperin suite, mayendedwe ovuta kwambiri mu ma strettas amapanga mawu ofewa osagwirizana ndi woimba uyu: tt. 9-17 - koyamba (kuwongolera pamutuwo molunjika ndi mtunda wolowera magawo awiri asanu ndi atatu); tt. 21-34 - zochokera mu vertically reversible counterpoint; TT. 37-35 - chochokera mu chosakwanira vertically reversible counterpoint; tt. 37-39 - yochokera ku yapitayi ndi yopingasa yopingasa (mtunda wolowera ndi wachisanu ndi chitatu); tt. 41-44 - chochokera mu mawonekedwe a zolinga zitatu. amatambasula mu double-P. ku.

Kuyenda kopingasa nthawi zina kumapezeka m'mafugue okhala ndi mawonekedwe osungidwa (mwachitsanzo, mu gis-moll fugues kuchokera ku vol. 1, As-dur ndi H-dur kuchokera mu vol. 2 ya Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier; mu fugue yomaliza kuchokera ku concerto kwa 2 FP Stravinsky).

Kupatula. chisomo chimasiyanitsa mayendedwe opingasa mu nyimbo za WA Mozart, mwachitsanzo. mu sonata D-dur, K.-V. 576, gawo. 28.

Zaluso kwambiri. zosiyana-mdima yopingasa kayendedwe n'kofunika Mwachitsanzo. mu grand fugue Es-dur wa limba lolemba JS Bach, BWV 552, vol. 90 ndi seq.; mu gulu lachiwiri la symphony ya 2 ya Glazunov, 7 imayeza mpaka nambala 4. Mu fugue yomaliza ya chingwe quintet G-dur op. 16 Taneyev mitu ya fugue iwiri mu kulumikizana kochokera kumayendetsedwa ndi kusuntha kopingasa (ndi matani 14) ndi kuvomereza koyima:

Mosiyana ndi P. to. ziyenera kuyikidwa mtundu wa zovuta zotsutsana - zotsutsana zomwe zimalola kuwirikiza: chotengera chochokera kumapangidwa ndi kuwirikiza kawiri (onani zitsanzo k, 1) kapena zonse (onani chitsanzo m) mawu okhala ndi ma consonance opanda ungwiro (mu nyimbo zazaka za zana la 20 - pali kuwirikiza kwina kulikonse mpaka masango). Malingana ndi njira yopangira, counterpoint, yomwe imalola kuwirikiza, ili pafupi kwambiri ndi vertical-P. ku., chifukwa mawu owirikiza kawiri ndi zotsatira za kuvomereza koyima kwa nthawi yowirikiza - yachitatu, yachisanu ndi chimodzi, decimal. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuwirikiza muzinthu zotumphukira kumapereka kumverera kwa kuphatikizika, kuchuluka kwa mawu; mwachitsanzo m'mawu oyamba ndi fugue a fp. Glazunov, pa. 101 No 3 kubwerezanso mitu ya fugue iwiri mu m. 71 ndiye choyambirira, mu m. 93 ndi chochokera ku octave ofukula kuloleza ndi kuwirikiza mawu; mu Kusiyana kwa VI kuchokera ku Kusiyana pa Mutu wa Paganini kwa piano ziwiri. Lutoslavsky pachiyambi, liwu lapamwamba limayenda ndi tertian kuwirikiza kawiri, lapansi lokhala ndi mautatu akuluakulu, m'mawu osadziwika bwino (v. 6) liwu lapamwamba limayenda ndi mautatu ang'onoang'ono ofanana, otsika ndi atatu.

P. kuti. ndi counterpoint, yomwe imalola kuwirikiza kawiri, imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi malo osinthika (mwachitsanzo, pakupanga komaliza kwa symphony C-dur "Jupiter" yolembedwa ndi WA Mozart, kutsanzira kovomerezeka molunjika mu mipiringidzo 173-175 ndi koyambirira, m'mipiringidzo 187-189 - chochokera ndi kutembenuzidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa mawu, m'mipiringidzo 192-194 - chochokera ndi chilolezo choyima komanso ndi mawu amodzi okha otembenuzidwa), nthawi zina kuphatikiza ndi mitundu yotereyi ya nyimbo. kusintha, monga kuwonjezeka, kuchepa, kupanga zomangamanga zovuta kwambiri. Choncho, kusiyana kwa polyphonic. kuphatikiza mu njira. kuyeza kumatsimikizira mawonekedwe a nyimbo FP. quintet g-moll (op. 30) Taneyev: onani, mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero cha 72 (choyambirira) ndi 78 (chochokera ndi kuwonjezeka ndi kuyenda kopingasa), 100 (kuchokera mu kawiri P. k.), 220 - kumapeto ( kuphatikiza mutu waukulu ndi kuwonjezeka kwake katatu).

Lingaliro la counterpoint ndi counterpoint, lomwe limalola kuwirikiza kawiri, lidapangidwa mwamphamvu ndi SI Taneev mu ntchito yake yofunikira "Mobile counterpoint of hard writing". Wofufuzayo amakhazikitsa notation yomwe imalola masamu. pozindikiritsa bwino kayendedwe ka mawu ndikuzindikira mikhalidwe yolembera P. to. Zina mwazodziwika ndi malingaliro awa: I - liwu lapamwamba, II - liwu lotsika pawiri- ndi lapakati m'mawu atatu, III - mawu otsika m'mawu atatu (matchulidwewa amasungidwa muzotengera); 0 - prima, 1 - yachiwiri, 2 - yachitatu, 3 - quart, ndi zina zotero (zotere digitization ya intervals ndi zofunika kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa); h (chidule cha lat. horisontalis) - kuyenda kopingasa kwa mawu; Ih (chidule cha lat. index horisontalis) - chizindikiro cha kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake (onani zitsanzo f, g, h, i, j); v (chidule cha lat. verticalis) - kuyenda molunjika kwa mawu. Kuyenda kwa liwu lapamwamba mmwamba ndi pansi kumayesedwa ndi nthawi yofananira ndi mtengo wabwino, kuyenda kwa mawu apamwamba pansi ndi kutsika mmwamba ndi nthawi ndi chizindikiro chochotsera (mwachitsanzo, IIV = 2 - kuyenda kwa mawu apamwamba. mmwamba ndi chachitatu, IIV = -7 - kuyenda kwa mawu apansi mmwamba ndi octave). Mu vertical-P. j. kuvomereza, komwe liwu lapamwamba la kulumikizana koyambirira (chilinganizo cha choyambirira mu mawu awiri I + II) amasunga malo apamwamba pachochokera, amatchedwa mwachindunji (onani zitsanzo b, c; chithunzi chosonyeza kuvomereza kwachindunji m'mawu awiri:

). Chilolezo, chomwe liwu lapamwamba la choyambirira limakhala m'malo apansi pachochokera, limatchedwa mosiyana (onani zitsanzo d, e; chithunzi chake:

).

Awiri mutu polyphonic pawiri kuti amalola permutations ofukula (osati zosiyana, komanso - mosiyana ndi wamba tanthauzo losalondola - ndi mwachindunji), wotchedwa. pawiri counterpoint (German doppelter Kontrapunkt); mwachitsanzo, pawiri Inventions E-dur No 6 JS Bach choyambirira - m'ma vols. 1-4, yotengedwa - m'mavols. 5-8, IV=-14 + II V=-7

). Mitu itatu. kugwirizana komwe kumalola kuphatikizika kwa mawu 6 (mawu aliwonse apachiyambi angakhale apamwamba, apakati kapena otsika mu mgwirizano wotengedwa) amatchedwa katatu (German dreifacher Kontrapunkt, Tripelkontrapunkt). Zizindikiro zosonyeza kuvomereza mu triphony:

Mwachitsanzo, mu zolinga zitatu Inventions f-moll No 9 JS Bach: choyambirira - mu ma vols. 3-4, zotumphukira - m'mavols. 7-8

mu No. 19 kuchokera ku "Polyphonic Notebook" ya Shchedrin - yochokera mu v. 9. Mfundo yomweyi imagwiranso ntchito pang'ono. 24 mu kwaya iwiri No. 5 ya cantata "Pambuyo Kuwerenga Salmo" ndi Taneyev, ndi fugue mu e-moll kuchokera mkombero "6 Preludes ndi Fugues" kwa pianoforte Shostakovich - vols. 7-1 ndi 1. -2). Chitsanzo chosowa cha mfundo zisanu - nambala yomaliza ya symphony C-dur ("Jupiter") yolembedwa ndi WA Mozart: yoyambirira m'ma vols. 3-4, zotengedwa m'ma vol. 9-24, 15-18, 36-39, 384-387; ndondomeko ya permutation:

Algebraic. chiŵerengero cha nthawi ya kayendedwe ka mawu onse awiri (m'mawu awiri; mu atatu- ndi polyphony - pa gulu lirilonse la mawu) amatchedwa chizindikiro cha kayendedwe koyima ndipo amatchulidwa ndi Iv (chidule cha Latin index verticalis; onani zitsanzo b. c, d, ndi). Iv ndilo tanthauzo lofunika kwambiri mu ziphunzitso za SI Taneev, chifukwa amadziwika ndi machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito maulendo opangidwa pakati pa mawu a polyphonic. minofu, ndi mawonekedwe a mawu otsogolera. Mwachitsanzo, polemba chigawo choyambirira mu magawo awiri a decimal (ie Iv = -9), kusuntha kosiyana ndi kosalunjika kwa mawu kumaganiziridwa mkati mwa kulembedwa kosamalitsa, ndipo kusungidwa kwa quart ndi liwu lapamwamba ndipo palibe ndi mawu apansi sikuloledwa kuti tipewe kumveka kwa mawu otuluka. pawiri oletsedwa ndi malamulo a kalembedwe. Chilolezocho chikhoza kuchitidwa nthawi iliyonse, chifukwa chake, Iv ikhoza kukhala ndi phindu lililonse, komabe, pochita, mitundu itatu yololeza ndiyofala kwambiri: ma decimals awiri (Iv = -9 kapena -16), ma duodecimes (Iv = - 11 kapena -18) makamaka pawiri octave counterpoint (Iv = -7 kapena -14). Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti polola kuti pawiri counterpoint ya octave, decima ndi duodecima, harmonic amasintha pang'ono zotumphukira. tanthauzo la kugwirizana koyambirira (ma consonant intervals of the original nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi makonsonanti intervals mu zotumphukira; kudalira komweko kulipo pakati pa dissonances). Kutha kupanga zilolezo zoyima pa decomp. nthawi (ie kugwiritsa ntchito zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana za Iv) kumapanga luso losokoneza. njira yomwe imalola wolembayo kuti azitha kusiyanitsa sonority mochenjera. Chimodzi mwazitsanzo zabwino kwambiri ndi g-moll fugue kuchokera mu voliyumu yachiwiri ya Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier: mutu ndi kutsutsidwa koletsedwa kumapanga mgwirizano woyamba m'mipiringidzo. 5-9; zochokera ku tt. 13-17 (Iv=-14), 28-32 (Iv=-11), 32-36 (Iv=-2) ndi 36-40 (Iv=-16); komanso, mu tt. 51-55 m'chotulukapo mutuwu ukuwirikiza kawiri ndi chachisanu ndi chimodzi kuchokera pamwamba (Iv = +5), mu tt. 59-63 chilolezo pa Iv=-14 ndi kuwirikiza mutuwo ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kuchokera pansi, ndikuwonjezera ndi gawo lachitatu kuchokera pamwamba (Iv = -2). Mu nyimbo pambuyo pa Bach mpaka zaka za zana la 20. kaŵirikaŵiri njira yosavuta ya octave imagwiritsidwa ntchito; komabe, olemba nyimbo, pamene harmonica ikukula. maufulu amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zochepa zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kale. Makamaka, amapezeka m'mabuku ovomerezeka. kutsatizana komwe kupangidwa kochokera pakati pa risposta ndi kulowanso kwa proposta: mwachitsanzo, mu kayendetsedwe ka 2 ka Mozart's D-dur quartet, K.-V. 499, gawo. 9-12 (Iv = -13); mu gulu loyamba la Glazunov Symphony No. 8, nambala 26, vol. 5-8 (Iv = -15); mu gawo la opera "Meistersingers of Nuremberg", vol. 7 (Iv = -15) ndi vol. 15 (Iv = -13); mu chithunzi 1 cha 3 d. "Nkhani za mzinda wosawoneka wa Kitezh", nambala 156, vols. 5-8 (Iv=-10); mu gulu loyamba la Myaskovsky Quartet No. 12, gawo.

HA Rimsky-Korsakov. "Nthano ya Mzinda Wosaoneka wa Kitezh ndi Maiden Fevronia", Act III, gawo loyamba.

Kugwirizana komwe kunakhazikitsidwa ndi SI Taneyev ndi canon (m'buku la "The Doctrine of the Canon") kunapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kugawa molondola ndikuzindikira mwasayansi mfundo za decomp. mafomu a canon. P.'s theory to. adatumikira monga maziko a chitukuko china cha ziphunzitso za Taneyev mu kadzidzi. musicology (SS Bogatyrev, "Double Canon" ndi "Reversible Counterpoint").

Zothandizira: Taneev SI, Movable counterpoint yolemba mwamphamvu, Leipzig, 1909, M., 1959; yake yake, Doctrine of the Canon, M., 1929; Ivanov-Boretsky MV, owerenga nyimbo ndi mbiri yakale, vol. 1, M., 1929; Bogatyrev SS, Double canon, M.-L., 1947; ake, Reversible counterpoint, M., 1960; Dmitriev AN, Polyphony monga chinthu chojambula, L., 1962; Pustylnik I. Ya., Movable counterpoint and free writing, L., 1967; Jadassohn S., Lehrbuch des einfachen, doppelten, drei- und vierfachen Contrapunkts, Lpz., 1884, id., in his Musikalische Kompositionslehre, Tl. 1, Bd 2, Lpz., 1926; Riemann H., Lehrbuch des einfachen, doppelten und imitierenden Kontrapunkts, Lpz., 1888. 1921; Prout, E., Double counterpoint ndi canon, L., 1891, 1893.

VP Frayonov