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Mawu otanthauza mizere yanyimbo zosiyanasiyana (mawu) mu Russian polyphonic (kwaya ndi kuphatikiza) nyimbo, makamaka zanyimbo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Nar. chanter practice, analowa nyimbo. nthano. Liwu lochokera ku mawuwa ndilofala kwambiri "polyphony ya mawu". P. amagwirizana ndi mawu oti “mawu” kutanthauza kuyimba limodzi ndi munthu wina pa manotsi apamwamba (nthawi ngati imeneyi amanenanso kuti “mawu”) osn. nyimbo kapena kusiyanasiyana kwake (luso la mvuto). Anthu enanso amadziwika. mawu a tanthauzo lofanana: "eyeliner" (kum'mwera kwa Russia dera, mu Chiyukireniya ndi Chibelarusi Polesie), "dishkant" (pa Don), "kukoka pisitoni" (Belgorod dera), "goryak" (Ukraine) . Mawu otsirizawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumtunda wa P., kupanga wodziimira payekha. phwando la nyimbo; mawu apansi muzochitika izi "bass" (chigawo cha Belgorod), "bass" (chigawo cha Ryazan), ndi zina zotero. Mawu akuti "overvoice" sagwiritsidwa ntchito - onse oimba apamwamba ndi apansi. mawuwo amatchedwanso P. The upper P. kaŵirikaŵiri amaperekedwa ku liwu limodzi, pamene pangakhale angapo otsikirapo. T. n. chachikulu nyimboyo nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi mawu apakati; Nthawi zambiri imayimbidwa ndi woyimba (pa Don - bass), ngakhale kuti ntchito za mawu munyimbo yonse mu masitaelo ena zimatha kusintha (mwachitsanzo, nyimbo yayikulu nthawi zina imatha kusuntha kuchokera ku liwu kupita ku liwu). M'zochitika zonse, P. amatchedwa mawu omwe amapatuka kuchokera ku chachikulu chokwera kapena pansi. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko lonse la polyphony monga "kupezedwa pamodzi kwa nyimbo" (BV Asafiev). Chinthu kapena zothandizira osn. nyimbo (nthawi zambiri kuchokera pansi), mwina imayimitsa, kuikongoletsa (kuchokera pamwamba), kapena kuitsutsa, imapanga kusiyana kwakanthawi.

Mu Chirasha Kumpoto, maziko a monophonic a nyimbo amayimbidwa mogwirizana kapena mu octave, pamene P., kupewa kusuntha kofananako, amasinthasintha nyimbo zomwezo, ngati kuti akuzikongoletsa, nthawi zina amatsutsana nazo ndi ufulu wodziimira. kuyimba (nthawi zambiri kuchokera pamwamba), lembani kupuma ndi kudumpha kwakukulu. mawu nthawi zambiri amalumikizana ndi iye mogwirizana kapena octave, motero amawulula momveka bwino kutembenuka kwake. Kumaliza komaliza kwa nyimbo pa fret-rhythm yomaliza kumakhala kofunikira nthawi zonse. khola. P. - "mphukira panyimbo yayikulu, nthawi zina zambiri, nthawi zina zosamveka bwino kuchokera ku thunthu lalikulu" (Asafiev). Nthawi zina P. mu kudziyimira pawokha ndi kufotokoza amafanana ndi otchedwa. nyimbo yaikulu, ndipo zingakhale zovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pawo. Kumpoto kwa Russia. Masitayelo amalamulidwa ndi P. - mphukira kuchokera ku waukulu. mawu (kwenikweni, mitundu yake yapafupi):

Kuchokera pagulu la EV Gippius ndi ZV Ewald "Nyimbo za Pinezhya", No 55.

Kuchokera pagulu la AM Listopadov "Nyimbo za Don Cossacks", vol. 3, nambala 19.

Pakatikati komanso makamaka kum'mwera kwa Russia. P.'s masitayilo nthawi zambiri amatsutsana momasuka ndi DOS. mawu (onani chitsanzo pamwambapa).

Ena amangokhalira kuphweka, "wongolani" chachikulu. nyimbo, ena, m'malo mwake, amakongoletsa, amakulitsa ndikulemeretsa. Mitundu yapadera ya P. ndi pedal (ch. arr. mu zigawo zazifupi za nyimbo) ndi zomwe zimatchedwa. osalemba P. - "mawu" (mwachitsanzo, m'chigawo cha Voronezh), ndi kuyimitsidwa pafupipafupi pakumveka kokulirapo kwa tonic (m'munsi kapena kumtunda) komanso, nthawi zambiri, magawo asanu kapena digiri ya VII yachilengedwe (panthawi ya kupatuka kwakanthawi).

Mu Chibelarusi. Polissya chorus lagawidwa awiri palokha. maphwando: chachikulu nyimboyi imamveka m'munsi, liwu la "bass" (chifukwa cha mawu achidule, ZV Ewald adawatanthauzira ngati mtundu wa cantus firmus), womwe umakhala wa polygoal. nyimboyo imatha kutulutsa polyphonically, pomwe mawu apamwamba ("padvodchyk") amatsogolera mzere. Nyimbo imodzi yomweyi nthawi zambiri imayambitsa zingapo. osiyana mu khalidwe ndi melodic. kukula kwa mawu. nyimbo za polygonal (mwachitsanzo, m'mudzi wa Polissya wa Tonezh).

Pa nyimbo imodzi, kusokonezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa choyimba kumatheka. mawonekedwe, kutsegulira kwa P. Pazonse, zovuta, "makanika" amphamvu a kuyanjana kwenikweni kwa mawu mu Nar weniweni. chorus sichinafufuzidwe mokwanira. Zojambulira zaposachedwa zamakina ambiri ndiukadaulo wina. njira zingathandize kupezedwa kwa malo enieni ndi tanthauzo la P. mu Nar. kwaya. kuimba dec. masitaelo amchigawo.

Zothandizira: Melgunov Yu., nyimbo zaku Russia zojambulidwa molunjika kuchokera ku mawu a anthu, vol. 1, M., 1879; Palchikov N., Nyimbo zachinyamata zolembedwa m'mudzi wa Nikolaevka, chigawo cha Menzelinsky, chigawo cha Ufa, M., 1888; Lopatin HM, Prokunin VP, Kutolere nyimbo zanyimbo za anthu aku Russia, magawo 1-2, M., 1889; Lineva E., Nyimbo zazikulu zaku Russia mukugwirizana kwa anthu, vol. 1, St. Petersburg, 1904; Gippius E., Pa polyphony ya anthu a ku Russia kumapeto kwa 1948 - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2, "Soviet Ethnography", 1960, No. 1974; Rudneva A., kwaya ya anthu aku Russia ndi ntchito naye, M., 1961, yemweyo, 1; Bershadskaya T., The main compositional pattern of the polyphony of the Russian folk wamba nyimbo, L., 1962; Popova T., Russian Folk Musical Creativity, Vol. 1965, M., 1971; Asafiev B., Speech intonation, M.-L., 1972; Mozheiko Z., Chikhalidwe cha Nyimbo ya Chibelarusi Polissya. mudzi wa Tonezh, Minsk, XNUMX; Zitsanzo za folk polyphony, comp., Total. ed. ndi mawu oyamba a I. Zemtsovsky, L.-M., XNUMX.

II Zemtsovsky