Franz von Suppé |
Franz von Soup
Suppe ndi amene anayambitsa operetta ya ku Austria. M'ntchito yake, akuphatikiza zina mwazopambana za operetta ya ku France (Offenbach) ndi miyambo ya zojambulajambula zamtundu wa Viennese - singspiel, "magic farce". Nyimbo za Suppe zimaphatikiza nyimbo zowolowa manja za munthu waku Italy, kuvina kwa Viennese, makamaka nyimbo za waltz. Ma operetta ake ndi odziwika chifukwa cha sewero lawo lanyimbo lopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a otchulidwa, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyandikira zoimbira.
Franz von Suppe - dzina lake lenileni ndi Francesco Zuppe-Demelli - anabadwa pa April 18, 1819 mumzinda wa Dalmatian wa Spalato (tsopano Split, Yugoslavia). Makolo ake a makolo ake anali ochokera ku Belgium, omwe anakhazikika mumzinda wa Italy wa Cremona. Bambo ake adatumikira ku Spalato monga nduna ya chigawo ndipo mu 1817 anakwatira mbadwa ya Vienna, Katharina Landdowska. Francesco anakhala mwana wawo wachiwiri. Kale ali mwana, adawonetsa luso loimba nyimbo. Iye ankaimba chitoliro, kuyambira ali ndi zaka khumi ankapanga zidutswa zosavuta. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, Suppe adalemba Misa, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi, opera yake yoyamba, Virginia. Panthawi imeneyi, iye amakhala Vienna, kumene anasamukira ndi mayi ake mu 1835, pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake. Kumeneko amaphunzira ndi S. Zechter ndi I. Seyfried, pambuyo pake anakumana ndi wolemba nyimbo wotchuka wa ku Italy G. Donizetti ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito malangizo ake.
Kuyambira m’chaka cha 1840, Zuppe wakhala akugwira ntchito monga kondakita ndi wopeka zisudzo ku Vienna, Pressburg (tsopano Bratislava), Odenburg (tsopano Sopron, Hungary), Baden (pafupi ndi Vienna). Amalemba nyimbo zosawerengeka pazochita zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi ndi nthawi amatembenukira kumitundu yayikulu yanyimbo ndi zisudzo. Kotero, mu 1847, opera yake "The Girl in the Village" ikuwonekera, mu 1858 - Ndime Yachitatu. Patatha zaka ziwiri, Zuppe adapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake ngati woyimba operetta ndi operetta imodzi ya The Boarding House. Pakalipano, ichi ndi kuyesa kokha kwa cholembera, monga Mfumukazi ya Spades (1862), yomwe imatsatira. Koma wachitatu wa sewero limodzi la operetta Ten Brides and Not a Groom (1862) anabweretsa kutchuka kwa wolemba nyimbo ku Ulaya. Operetta yotsatira, The Merry Schoolchildren (1863), idakhazikitsidwa kwathunthu ndi nyimbo za ophunzira aku Viennese motero ndi mtundu wa manifesto wasukulu ya operetta ya Viennese. Ndiye pali operettas La Belle Galatea (1865), Light Cavalry (1866), Fatinica (1876), Boccaccio (1879), Dona Juanita (1880), Gascon (1881), Mnzanu Wamtima" (1882), "Oyenda panyanja kwawo" (1885), "Handsome Man" (1887), "Kufunafuna Chimwemwe" (1888).
Ntchito zabwino kwambiri za Zuppe, zomwe zidapangidwa pazaka zisanu, ndi Fatinica, Boccaccio ndi Doña Juanita. Ngakhale kuti wolembayo nthawi zonse ankagwira ntchito moganizira, mosamala, m'tsogolomu sakanatha kukweranso ku mlingo wa operettas awa atatu.
Pogwira ntchito ngati kondakitala pafupifupi mpaka masiku otsiriza a moyo wake, Suppe analemba pafupifupi nyimbo iliyonse m'zaka zake zocheperapo. Anamwalira pa May 21, 1895 ku Vienna.
Zina mwa ntchito zake ndi operettas makumi atatu ndi chimodzi, Misa, Chofunikira, cantatas angapo, symphony, overtures, quartets, romances ndi kwaya.
L. Mikheeva, A. Orelovich
