Oscar Wokazinga |

Oskar Wokazinga

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, woyimba wachinyamatayo Oskar Fried adaitanidwa ku Vienna kuti akachite sewero la "Bacchic Song" mu konsati ya symphony. Pa nthawiyi n’kuti asanaime kumbuyo kwa kondakitala, koma anavomera. Ku Vienna, asanakonzekere, Fried anakumana ndi Gustav Mahler wotchuka. Atacheza ndi Fried kwa mphindi zingapo, mwadzidzidzi ananena kuti apanga kondakitala wabwino. Ndipo ku funso lodabwitsa la woimba wachichepere, yemwe Mahler anali asanamuwonepo pa siteji, anawonjezera kuti: "Ndikumva anthu anga nthawi yomweyo."

Woyimba wamkulu sanalakwitse. Tsiku la kuwonekera koyamba kugulu Vienna chinali chiyambi cha ntchito wanzeru kondakitala. Oscar Fried adafika lero, ali ndi moyo wambiri komanso woimba nyimbo. Ali mwana, abambo ake adamutumiza kusukulu yaukadaulo ya oimba. Anyamata khumi ndi awiri ndi theka anaphunzitsidwa motsogozedwa ndi mwiniwake kuimba zida zosiyanasiyana, ndipo m’njira ankagwira ntchito zonyozeka za panyumbapo, zomwe zinkaseweredwa usiku wonse m’mapwando, m’malo opezeka malo. Pamapeto pake, mnyamatayo anathawa mwiniwakeyo ndipo anayendayenda kwa nthawi yaitali, akusewera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, mpaka mu 1889 adapeza ntchito ngati nyanga ya Frankfurt am Main Symphony Orchestra. Apa anakumana ndi woimba wotchuka E. Humperdinck, ndipo iye, atawona luso lake lapadera, mofunitsitsa anamupatsa maphunziro. Kenako yendaninso - Dusseldorf, Munich, Tyrol, Paris, mizinda ya Italy; Fried anali ndi njala, kuwala kwa mwezi monga momwe amachitira, koma mouma khosi analemba nyimbo.

Kuyambira 1898, anakhazikika ku Berlin, ndipo posakhalitsa tsoka linamukomera: Karl Muck anachita "Bacchic Song" mu imodzi mwa zoimbaimba, zomwe zinapangitsa dzina la Frida kutchuka. Nyimbo zake zimaphatikizidwa m'gulu la oimba, ndipo atayamba kuyendetsa, kutchuka kwa woimbayo kumakula kwambiri. Kale m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za zaka za m'ma 1901, adachita m'malo ambiri akuluakulu a dziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo kwa nthawi yoyamba paulendo ku Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kyiv; mu 1907, Fried anakhala wotsogolera wamkulu wa Singing Union ku Berlin, kumene nyimbo za kwaya za Liszt zinkamveka bwino kwambiri motsogoleredwa ndi iye, ndiyeno anali wotsogolera wamkulu wa New Symphony Concertos ndi Blütner Orchestra. Mu XNUMX, monograph yoyamba ya O. Fried idasindikizidwa ku Germany, yolembedwa ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino wa nyimbo P. Becker.

M'zaka zimenezo, chithunzi chaluso cha Fried chinapangidwa. Kuchulukitsidwa ndi kuya kwa malingaliro ake omwe adachita zidaphatikizidwa ndi kudzoza komanso kufunitsitsa kutanthauzira. Chiyambi cha ngwazi chinali pafupi kwambiri ndi iye; njira zamphamvu zaumunthu za ntchito zazikulu za symphonism yachikale - kuchokera ku Mozart kupita ku Mahler - zidaperekedwa kwa iwo ndi mphamvu zopanda malire. Pamodzi ndi izi, Fried anali wofalitsa wokangalika komanso wosatopa wa zatsopano: ma premieres ambiri a ntchito za Busoni, Schoenberg, Stravinsky, Sibelius, F. Dilius akugwirizana ndi dzina lake; iye anali woyamba kudziwitsa omvera m’mayiko ambiri ntchito zingapo za Mahler, R. Strauss, Scriabin, Debussy, Ravel.

Fried nthawi zambiri ankapita ku Russia m'zaka zisanayambe kusintha, ndipo mu 1922, iye, woyamba wa oimba a kumadzulo kwa dziko lonse lapansi, adaganiza zopita ku dziko lachinyamata la Soviet, lomwe linavulazidwa ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Njira yolimba mtima komanso yolemekezeka idatengedwa ndi wojambula yemwe nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi zikhulupiriro zapamwamba. Paulendo umenewo, Fried analandiridwa ndi VI Lenin, amene analankhula naye kwa nthaŵi yaitali “za ntchito za boma la ogwira ntchito pankhani ya nyimbo.” Mawu oyamba ku makonsati a Frid adaperekedwa ndi People's Commissar of Education AV Lunacharsky, yemwe adatcha Frid "wojambula wokondedwa kwa ife" ndipo adawona kubwera kwake ngati "chiwonetsero cha kuyambiranso kowala kwa mgwirizano pakati pa anthu pazaluso. ” Zowonadi, chitsanzo cha Fried posakhalitsa chinatsatiridwa ndi ambuye ena akulu.

M'zaka zotsatira, akuyenda padziko lonse lapansi - kuchokera ku Buenos Aires kupita ku Yerusalemu, kuchokera ku Stockholm kupita ku New York - Oscar Fried anabwera ku USSR pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, kumene ankakonda kutchuka kwambiri. Ndipo mu 1933, chipani cha Nazi chitangoyamba kulamulira, anakakamizika kuchoka ku Germany, anasankha Soviet Union. Zaka zomaliza za moyo wake Fried anali wochititsa wamkulu wa All-Union Radio Symphony Orchestra, mwachangu anayenda mu dziko Soviet, amene anakhala nyumba yake yachiwiri.

Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa nkhondoyo, pakati pa malipoti a masiku oipa a nkhondoyo, nkhani ya imfa inatuluka m’nyuzipepala yotchedwa Sovetskoe Iskusstvo, yolengeza kuti “pambuyo pa kudwala kwanthaŵi yaitali, wotsogolera wotchuka padziko lonse Oscar Fried anamwalira ku Moscow.” Mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake, sanasiye ntchito zopanga komanso zosangalatsa. M’nkhani yakuti “Zoopsa za Fascism”, yolembedwa ndi wojambulayo atangotsala pang’ono kumwalira, panali mizere yotsatirayi: “Pamodzi ndi anthu onse opita patsogolo, ndili wokhutiritsidwa kwambiri kuti chipani cha fascism chidzawonongedwa pankhondo yothetsa nzeru imeneyi.”

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek