Vytautas Prano Barkauskas (Vytautas Barkauskas) |

Zolemba za Barkauskas

Mmodzi mwa akatswiri otsogola a chikhalidwe cha nyimbo zamakono ku Lithuania, V. Barkauskas, ndi a m'badwo wa oimba a ku Lithuania omwe adadziwonetsera okha m'zaka za m'ma 60. monga "oyambitsa mavuto", kutembenukira ku chithunzi chatsopano, chinenero chatsopano, nthawi zina chodabwitsa cha avant-garde. Kuyambira masitepe oyambirira, Barkauskas anakhala mmodzi wa atsogoleri a achinyamata, koma mu ntchito zake zoyambirira izi sizinayambe zaikidwapo, koma anachita mogwirizana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe, kumvera kwathunthu zojambulazo. Pa nthawi yonse ya ntchito yake yolenga, kalembedwe ka Barkauskas anasintha mosavuta - katchulidwe ka mtundu ndi njira zinasintha, koma zofunikira sizinasinthe - zozama, luso lapamwamba, kusakanikirana kwakukulu kwa maganizo ndi luntha.

Cholowa cha wolembayo chimaphatikizapo pafupifupi mitundu yonse: siteji (sewero la The Legend of Love, Choreographic stage Conflict), nyimbo za symphonic ndi chipinda (kuphatikizapo 5 symphonies, Three Aspects triptych, 3 concertos, Monologue for oboe solo, Partita for solo violin, 3 violin sonatas, 2 zingwe quartets, Quintet ndi Sextet kwa zingwe ndi piyano), kwaya, cantatas ndi oratorios, mawu mawu (pa mizere ya P. Eluard, N. Kuchak, V. Palchinskaite), organ ndi piano nyimbo (kuphatikiza nyimbo za 4, 6 ndi manja 8), nyimbo za zisudzo ndi kanema. Barkauskas amapereka chidwi kwambiri ku repertoire ya ana.

Maphunziro oyambirira a nyimbo anayamba kunyumba, ndiye - ku dipatimenti ya piyano ya sukulu ya nyimbo. Y. Tallat-Kyalpshi ku Vilnius. Komabe, wopeka sanapeze ntchito yake yomweyo, analandira ntchito yake yoyamba pa luso la Physics ndi Masamu Vilnius Pedagogical Institute (1953). Pambuyo pake Barkauskas adaganiza zodzipatulira kwathunthu ku nyimbo - mu 1959 adamaliza maphunziro ake ku Vilnius Conservatory m'kalasi ya wolemba nyimbo komanso mphunzitsi wamkulu A. Raciunas.

M'zaka khumi zoyambirira zopanga, nyimbo za Barkauskas zidadziwika kwambiri ndi mzimu woyesera, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira (atonalism, dodecaphony, sonoristics, aleatorics).

Izi zidawululidwa momveka bwino mumtundu wotsogola wazaka za m'ma 60. - mu nyimbo za m'chipinda, momwe, pamodzi ndi njira zamakono zopangira, zizolowezi za neoclassical zomwe zinkachitika nthawi ino ya nyimbo za Soviet (zomveka bwino, zowonetseratu zowonetsera, kukopa kwa polyphony) zinagwiritsidwanso ntchito mochititsa chidwi. Pafupi kwambiri ndi ambuye am'mbuyomu ku Barkauskas inali mfundo yamasewera a konsati - mtundu wamasewera ndi timbres, mphamvu, njira za virtuoso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaphunziro. Awa ndi Concertino yake ya magulu anayi a zipinda (1964), "Kusiyanitsa nyimbo" kwa chitoliro, cello ndi percussion (1968), "Intimate composition" ya oboe ndi zingwe za 12 (1968), zomwe zimakhala zabwino kwambiri zopangidwa ndi wolemba. Ndipo pambuyo pake, Barkauskas sanasiyane ndi konsati yanyimbo (Concertos kwa limba "Gloria urbi" - 1972; zitoliro ndi oboes ndi oimba - 1978; atatu konsati etudes kwa limba - 1981).

Chofunikira kwambiri ndi Concerto for viola and chamber orchestra (1981), ntchito yofunika kwambiri yomwe imafotokozera mwachidule zomwe adafufuza m'mbuyomu ndikugogomezera chiyambi chamalingaliro, chachikondi, chomwe chimakulirakulira mu ntchito ya wolembayo pakapita nthawi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chinenerocho chimakhala chosavuta komanso chomveka bwino, khalidwe lakale lazithunzi tsopano likuphatikizidwa ndi phokoso lokongola. Zonsezi zimachitira umboni chikhumbo chokhazikika cha Barkauskas kupanga njira zowonetsera, kukulitsa zomwe zili. Ngakhale nthawi yoyambirira, wolembayo adatembenukira kuzinthu zachibadwidwe, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafunikira - mu ndakatulo ya cantata "Mawu a Revolution" (pa St. A. Drilinga - 1967), mu "Promemoria" kuzungulira kwa zitoliro ziwiri. bass clarinet, piyano, harpsichord ndi percussion (1970), komwe amakhudza mutu wankhondo kwa nthawi yoyamba. Pambuyo pake, Barkauskas adabwereranso mobwerezabwereza, ndikumupatsa lingaliro lochititsa chidwi kwambiri mawonekedwe a symphonic - mu Fourth (1984) ndi Fifth (1986) symphonies.

Mofanana ndi olemba ena ambiri a ku Lithuania, Barkauskas ali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chake, kuphatikiza chinenero chake ndi njira zamakono zofotokozera m'njira yapadera. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zosangalatsa kwambiri za kaphatikizidwe kotere ndi symphonic triptych Three Aspects (1969).

Nditamaliza maphunziro a Conservatory, pamodzi ndi ntchito Barkauskas, iye akuchita maphunziro ndi pedagogical - amagwira ntchito pa Vilnius Music College. J. Tallat-Kelpsy, ku Republican House of Folk Art, amaphunzitsa chiphunzitso (kuyambira 1961) ndi zolemba (kuyambira 1988) ku Lithuanian State Conservatory. Wolembayo amadziwika osati kunyumba kokha, komanso kunja. Pofotokoza lingaliro la imodzi mwa nyimbo zake zaposachedwa, Barkauskas analemba kuti: “Ndinali kuganiza za Munthu ndi tsogolo lake.” Pamapeto pake, mutuwu udatsimikiza kusaka kwakukulu kwa wojambula waku Lithuania.

G. Zhdanova