Girolamo Frescobaldi |

Girolamo Frescobaldi

G. Frescobaldi ndi mmodzi mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino a nthawi ya Baroque, yemwe anayambitsa sukulu ya Italy ndi clavier. Iye anabadwira ku Ferrara, panthawiyo imodzi mwa malo akuluakulu oimba nyimbo ku Ulaya. Zaka zoyambirira za moyo wake zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito ya Duke Alfonso II d'Este, wokonda nyimbo wodziwika ku Italy konse (malinga ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake, Duke ankamvetsera nyimbo kwa maola 4 pa tsiku!). L. Ludzaski, yemwe anali mphunzitsi woyamba wa Frescobaldi, ankagwira ntchito kukhoti lomwelo. Ndi imfa ya Duke, Frescobaldi anachoka kumudzi kwawo ndikupita ku Roma.

Ku Roma, ankagwira ntchito m’matchalitchi osiyanasiyana monga woimba nyimbo komanso m’makhoti a anthu olemekezeka akumaloko monga woimba zeze. Kusankhidwa kwa woimbayo kunathandizidwa ndi Archbishop Guido Bentnvolio. Pamodzi ndi iye mu 1607-08. Frescobaldi anapita ku Flanders, ndiye likulu la nyimbo za clavier. Ulendowu unathandiza kwambiri pakupanga umunthu wolenga wa wolemba.

Kusintha kwa moyo wa Frescobaldi kunali 1608. Apa ndi pamene zofalitsa zoyamba za ntchito zake zinawonekera: 3 canzones, Bukhu Loyamba la Zongopeka (Milan) ndi Buku Loyamba la Madrigals (Antwerp). M'chaka chomwecho, Frescobaldi adatenga udindo wapamwamba komanso wolemekezeka kwambiri wa tchalitchi cha St. Kutchuka ndi ulamuliro wa Frescobaldi pang'onopang'ono unakula monga woimba ndi harpsichordist, wochita bwino kwambiri komanso wojambula bwino. Mogwirizana ndi ntchito yake ku St. Peter's Cathedral, akulowa muutumiki wa m'modzi mwa akadinala olemera kwambiri a ku Italy, Pietro Aldobrandini. Mu 1613, Frescobaldi anakwatira Oreola del Pino, yemwe m'zaka 6 zotsatira anamuberekera ana asanu.

Mu 1628-34. Frescobaldi ankagwira ntchito ngati oimba m'khoti la Duke wa Tuscany Ferdinando II Medici ku Florence, kenako anapitiriza utumiki wake ku St. Peter's Cathedral. Kutchuka kwake kwakhaladi padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa zaka 3, adaphunzira ndi wolemba nyimbo wamkulu wa ku Germany ndi woimba nyimbo I. Froberger, komanso oimba ambiri otchuka ndi oimba.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, sitidziwa za zaka zomaliza za moyo wa Frescobaldi, komanso za nyimbo zake zomaliza.

Mmodzi mwa anthu a m'nthawi ya wolemba nyimboyo, P. Della Balle, analemba m'kalata mu 1640 kuti panali "chivalry" mu "kalembedwe kamakono" ka Frescobaldi. Nyimbo zakumapeto zidakali ngati zolembedwa pamanja. Frescobaldi anamwalira pachimake cha kutchuka kwake. Monga momwe mboni zowonera ndi maso zinalembera, “oimba otchuka kwambiri a ku Roma” anatengamo mbali m’misa ya maliro.

Malo akuluakulu mu cholowa cha kulenga kwa woimbayo amakhala ndi zida za harpsichord ndi chiwalo chamitundu yonse yodziwika panthawiyo: canzones, fantasies, richercaras, toccatas, capriccios, partitas, fugues (mu lingaliro la mawu, mwachitsanzo, canons). Mwa zina, zolemba zama polyphonic zimalamulira (mwachitsanzo, mu mtundu "wophunzira" wa richercara), mwa zina (mwachitsanzo, mu canzone), njira zama polyphonic zimalumikizidwa ndi ma homophonic ("mawu" ndi chordal chordal accompaniment).

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za nyimbo za Frescobaldi ndi "Musical Flowers" (yosindikizidwa ku Venice mu 1635). Zimaphatikizapo ntchito zamagulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Apa kalembedwe ka Frescobaldi wosayerekezeka kalembedwe kawonekedwe kokwanira, komwe kamadziwika ndi kalembedwe ka "kalembedwe kosangalatsa" kokhala ndi zosinthika za harmonic, njira zosiyanasiyana zamalembedwe, ufulu wosinthika, komanso luso losiyanasiyana. Chachilendo pa nthawi yake chinali kutanthauzira kwa tempo ndi rhythm. M’mawu oyamba a limodzi mwa mabuku a toccata yake ndi nyimbo zina za harpsichord ndi limba, Frescobaldi akuitana kuti azisewera … “osayang’ana mwanzeru… Monga wolemba nyimbo ndi woimba pa organ ndi clavier, Frescobaldi adakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha Italy komanso, mochuluka, nyimbo za Western Europe. Kutchuka kwake kunali kwakukulu makamaka ku Germany. D. Buxtehude, JS Bach ndi olemba ena ambiri adaphunzira pa ntchito za Frescobaldi.

S. Lebedev