PI Tchaikovsky: kudzera muminga kupita ku nyenyezi

    Kalekale, kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Russia, kumapiri a Ukraine, kunali anthu okonda ufulu. Banja la Cossack lomwe lili ndi dzina lokongola la Chaika. Mbiri ya banja ili imabwerera zaka mazana ambiri, pamene mafuko a Asilavo adapanga malo achonde a steppe ndipo anali asanagawidwe mu Russia, Ukrainians ndi Belarusians pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Mongol-Tatar.

    Banja la Tchaikovsky linkakonda kukumbukira moyo wachinyamata wa agogo awo aamuna Fyodor Afanasevich. Chaika (1695-1767), yemwe ali ndi udindo wa Kenturiyo, adagwira nawo ntchito kugonjetsedwa kwa Sweden ndi asilikali a Russia pafupi ndi Poltava (1709). Pankhondo imeneyo, Fyodor Afanasievich anavulazidwa kwambiri.

Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, boma la Russia linayamba kugawa banja lililonse dzina lachikhalire m'malo mwa mayina (mayina osabatizidwa). Agogo a woimba anasankha dzina Tchaikovsky kwa banja lake. Mayina amtundu uwu omwe amathera mu "thambo" ankaonedwa kuti ndi olemekezeka, chifukwa anapatsidwa kwa mabanja a anthu olemekezeka. Ndipo dzina laulemu linaperekedwa kwa agogo aamuna kaamba ka “utumiki wokhulupirika ku Dziko la Abambo.” Pa nkhondo ya Russian-Turkish, adachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri: anali dokotala wankhondo. Bambo ake a Pyotr Ilyich, Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky (1795-1854), anali injiniya wotchuka wamigodi.

     Panthawiyi, kuyambira kalekale ku France kunali banja lotchedwa Assier. Ndani ali padziko lapansi Afulanki ayenera kuti anaganiza kuti patapita zaka mazana ambiri ku Muscovy wozizira, mbadwa yawo idzakhala nyenyezi yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, idzalemekeza banja la Tchaikovsky ndi Assier kwa zaka mazana ambiri.

     Mayi wa m'tsogolo wopeka wamkulu Alexandra Andreevna Tchaikovsky, dzina namwali anatchedwa Assier (1813-1854), nthawi zambiri ankauza mwana wake za agogo ake Michel-Victor Assier, amene anali wotchuka French wosema, ndi za bambo ake, amene mu 1800. German).

Tsoka linabweretsa mabanja awiriwa pamodzi. Ndipo April 25, 1840 ku Urals m'mudzi waung'ono Peter anabadwira ku chomera cha Kama-Votkinsk. Tsopano uwu ndi mzinda wa Votkinsk, Udmurtia.

     Makolo anga ankakonda nyimbo. Amayi ankaimba piyano. Sang. Bambo anga ankakonda kuimba chitoliro. Madzulo anyimbo achiwembu ankachitikira kunyumba. Nyimbo zinalowa mu chidziwitso cha mnyamatayo mofulumira, anamugwira iye. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi Peter wamng'ono (dzina la banja lake Petrusha, Pierre) linapangidwa ndi oimba omwe anagulidwa ndi abambo ake, opangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi ma shafts, omwe amasinthasintha nyimbo. Zerlina aria kuchokera ku opera ya Mozart "Don Giovanni" inachitidwa, komanso ma arias ochokera ku zisudzo za Donizetti ndi Rossini. Ali ndi zaka zisanu, Peter adagwiritsa ntchito mitu ya nyimbo izi m'malingaliro ake a piyano.

     Kuyambira ali mwana, mnyamatayo anali ndi chithunzi chosaiwalika chakukhala wachisoni nyimbo zachikale zomwe zimamveka madzulo achilimwe abata m'madera ozungulira Votkinsk chomera.

     Kenako anakonda kuyenda ndi mlongo wake ndi abale ake, limodzi ndi bwanamkubwa wake wokondedwa Mayi wachifaransa Fanny Durbach. Kaŵirikaŵiri tinkapita ku thanthwe lokongola lomwe linali ndi dzina lochititsa chidwi lakuti “Mkulu Wachikulire ndi Mkazi Wachikulire.” Panali phokoso lodabwitsa pamenepo… Tinakwera ngalawa pamtsinje wa Natva. N’kutheka kuti maulendowa anayambitsa chizolowezi choyenda maola ambiri tsiku lililonse, ngati n’kotheka, m’nyengo iliyonse, ngakhale m’mvula ndi chisanu. Kuyenda m'chilengedwe, wolemba wamkulu kale, wotchuka padziko lonse adakoka kudzoza, nyimbo zamaganizo, ndikupeza mtendere kuchokera ku mavuto omwe adamuvutitsa moyo wake wonse.

      Kugwirizana pakati pa luso lomvetsetsa chilengedwe ndi luso la kulenga kwadziwika kale. Wafilosofi wachiroma wotchuka Seneca, amene anakhalako zaka zikwi ziŵiri zapitazo, anati: “Omnis ars. naturae imitatio est" - "zojambula zonse ndikutsanzira chilengedwe." Lingaliro lachirengedwe lachirengedwe ndi kulingalira koyenga pang'onopang'ono kunapangidwa ku Tchaikovsky kuthekera kowona zomwe sizinali zotheka kwa ena. Ndipo popanda izi, monga tikudziwira, n'zosatheka kumvetsa bwino zomwe zikuwoneka ndikuzipanga mu nyimbo. Chifukwa cha kukhudzika kwapadera kwa mwanayo, kutengeka, ndi kufooka kwa chibadwa chake, mphunzitsiyo anatcha Peter “mwana wagalasi.” Nthaŵi zambiri, chifukwa cha kusangalala kapena chisoni, iye anakwezedwa mwapadera ndipo anayamba kulira. Nthaŵi ina anauza mbale wakeyo kuti: “Panali mphindi imodzi, ola limodzi lapitalo, pamene, ndili pakati pa munda wa tirigu moyandikana ndi mundawo, ndinasangalala kwambiri moti ndinagwada pansi ndi kuthokoza Mulungu chifukwa cha zonsezo. kuzama kwachisangalalo chimene ndinali nacho.” Ndipo m'zaka zake zokhwima, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochitika zofanana ndi zomwe zinkachitika panthawi ya Sixth Symphony, pamene akuyenda, kumanga malingaliro, kujambula zidutswa zazikulu za nyimbo, misozi inali m'maso mwake.

     Kukonzekera kulemba opera "The Maid of Orleans" za tsogolo labwino komanso lochititsa chidwi

Joan waku Arc, pophunzira zolemba zakale za iye, wolemba nyimboyo adavomereza kuti “… ndinalimbikitsidwa kwambiri… Ndinavutika ndikuzunzidwa kwa masiku atatu athunthu kuti panali zinthu zambiri, koma mphamvu ndi nthawi yaumunthu yochepa! Kuwerenga buku lonena za Joan waku Arc ndikufika pakukana (kukana) ndi kuphedwa komwe…. Ndinalira kowopsa. Mwadzidzidzi ndinadzimvera chisoni kwambiri, zinapweteka anthu onse, ndipo ndinagwidwa ndi chisoni chosaneneka!”

     Pokambilana zofunikila kuti munthu apeze luso, munthu sangalephere kuzindikira khalidwe la Petro monga chiwawa zongopeka. Anali ndi masomphenya ndi zomverera zomwe palibe wina aliyense anamva kupatula iye yekha. Phokoso lolingalira la nyimbo linagonjetsa mosavuta umunthu wake wonse, kumukopa kotheratu, kulowa mu chikumbumtima chake ndipo sanamusiye kwa nthawi yaitali. Kamodzi ali mwana, pambuyo pa chikondwerero madzulo (mwina izi zinachitika pambuyo pomvetsera nyimbo ya opera Mozart "Don Giovanni"), anali wodzazidwa ndi phokoso kotero kuti anasangalala kwambiri ndipo analira kwa nthawi yaitali usiku, mofuula: " O, nyimbo izi, nyimbo izi! Pamene, poyesa kumtonthoza, anamfotokozera kuti chiwalocho chinali chete ndipo “chinagona kwa nthaŵi yaitali,” Petro anapitiriza kulira ndipo, atagwira mutu wake, akubwerezabwereza kuti: “Ndili ndi nyimbo pano. Sandipatsa mtendere!”

     Muubwana, nthawi zambiri munthu amatha kuona chithunzi choterocho. Petya wamng'ono, wolandidwa mwayi woimba piyano, powopa kuti angasangalale mopambanitsa, ankagogoda zala zake patebulo kapena pa zinthu zina zimene zinabwera kudzanja lake.

      Amayi ake adamuphunzitsa maphunziro ake oyambirira a nyimbo ali ndi zaka zisanu. Anamuphunzitsa nyimbo kuwerenga ndi kulemba Ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, iye anayamba kuimba limba molimba mtima, ngakhale, kumene, kunyumba, iye anaphunzitsidwa kuimba osati mwaukadaulo, koma "kwa iye yekha," basi kutsagana ndi kuvina ndi nyimbo. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka zisanu, Peter ankakonda "kungoganizira" piyano, kuphatikizapo mitu ya nyimbo zomwe zimamveka pa chiwalo cha makina apanyumba. Kwa iye ankaona kuti anayamba kupeka nyimboyo atangophunzira kuimba.

     Mwamwayi, kukula kwa Peter monga woimba sikunalepheretsedwe ndi kusasamala kwina kwa iye. luso loimba, lomwe linachitika muubwana ndi unyamata. Makolo, ngakhale kuti mwanayo amafunitsitsa nyimbo, sanazindikire (ngati munthu wamba ali wokhoza kutero) kuzama kwathunthu kwa talente yake ndipo, kwenikweni, sizinathandize pa ntchito yake yoimba.

     Kuyambira ali mwana, Peter adazunguliridwa ndi chikondi ndi chisamaliro m'banja lake. Bambo ake anamutcha wokondedwa wake ngale ya banja. Ndipo, ndithudi, pokhala m'nyumba ya wowonjezera kutentha, sankawadziwa chowonadi chowawa, "chowonadi cha moyo" chomwe chinalamulira kunja kwa makoma a nyumba yanga. mphwayi, chinyengo, kusakhulupirika, kupezerera anzawo, kuchititsa manyazi ndi zina zambiri sizinali zodziwika kwa "galasi mwana.” Ndipo mwadzidzidzi zonse zinasintha. Ali ndi zaka khumi, makolo a mnyamatayo anamtumizako sukulu yogonera komweko, komwe adakakamizika kukhala kopitilira chaka popanda mayi ake okondedwa, popanda banja lake… Zikuoneka kuti tsoka loterolo linasokoneza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha mwanayo. O, amayi, amayi!

     Mu 1850 atangomaliza sukulu yogonera, Peter, ataumirira kwa abambo ake, adalowa mu Imperial School. malamulo. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi adaphunzira za malamulo kumeneko (sayansi ya malamulo yomwe imatsimikizira zomwe zingatheke komanso zomwe zidzalangidwe). Analandira maphunziro a zamalamulo. Mu 1859 atamaliza maphunziro ake ku koleji, anayamba kugwira ntchito ku Unduna wa Zachilungamo. Ambiri angakhale osokonezeka, koma bwanji ponena za nyimbo? Inde, ndipo kawirikawiri, kodi tikukamba za wogwira ntchito muofesi kapena woimba wamkulu? Tikufulumira kukutsimikizirani. Zaka za kukhala kusukulu sizinapite pachabe kwa mnyamata woimbayo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti sukulu iyi inali ndi kalasi yanyimbo. Kuphunzitsidwa kumeneko sikunali kokakamiza, koma mwachisankho. Petulo anayesetsa kugwilitsila nchito mwai umenewu.

    Kuyambira 1852, Peter anayamba kuphunzira kwambiri nyimbo. Poyamba adaphunzira kuchokera ku Italy Piccioli. Kuyambira 1855 anaphunzira ndi woimba limba Rudolf Kündinger. Pamaso pake, aphunzitsi nyimbo sanaone luso Tchaikovsky wamng'ono. Kündinger ayenera kuti anali woyamba kuona luso lapadera la wophunzirayo. Koma anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi luso lake lotha kusintha zinthu. Mphunzitsiyo anadabwa kwambiri ndi mtima wogwirizana wa Petulo. Kündinger ananena kuti wophunzirayo, posadziŵa bwino chiphunzitso cha nyimbo, “kangapo anandipatsa malangizo okhudza kumvana, amene nthaŵi zambiri anali othandiza.”

     Kuwonjezera pa kuphunzira kuimba piyano, mnyamatayo analowa nawo m’kwaya ya tchalitchi cha pasukulupo. Mu 1854 adapanga sewero lamasewera "Hyperbole".

     Mu 1859 anamaliza maphunziro awo ku koleji ndipo anayamba kugwira ntchito ku Unduna wa Zachilungamo. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira zimenezo zoyesayesa zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupeza chidziŵitso chimene chinalibe chochita ndi nyimbo zinali kwathunthu pachabe. Titha kuvomerezana ndi izi ndi chidziwitso chimodzi chokha: maphunziro azamalamulo adathandizira kupanga malingaliro anzeru a Tchaikovsky pazachikhalidwe zomwe zikuchitika ku Russia zaka zimenezo. Pali lingaliro pakati pa akatswiri kuti wolemba, wojambula, wolemba ndakatulo, mofunitsitsa kapena mopanda kufuna, amasonyeza mu ntchito zake nthawi yamakono yokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera, apadera. Ndipo kuzama kwa chidziwitso cha wojambulayo, m'pamenenso ali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka, momwe amaonera dziko lapansi momveka bwino komanso zenizeni.

     Chilamulo kapena nyimbo, udindo kubanja kapena maloto aubwana? Tchaikovsky m'mbiri yake Ine ndinayima pa mphambano kwa zaka makumi awiri. Kupita kumanzere kumatanthauza kukhala wolemera. Ngati mupita kumanja, mutengapo gawo mu moyo wokopa koma wosadziwika bwino mu nyimbo. Peter anazindikira kuti posankha nyimbo, angagwirizane ndi zofuna za abambo ake ndi banja lake. Amalume ake adanena za chisankho cha mphwake: "O, Petya, Petya, zamanyazi bwanji! Ulamuliro wogulitsidwa pa chitoliro!" Inu ndi ine, poyang'ana kuchokera m'zaka za zana la 21, tikudziwa kuti abambo, Ilya Petrovich, adzachita mwanzeru. Sadzanyoza mwana wake chifukwa cha kusankha kwake; m’malo mwake, adzathandiza Petro.

     Potsamira nyimbo, woyimba tsogolo m'malo mosamala anajambula ake m'tsogolo. M'kalata yopita kwa mchimwene wake, adaneneratu kuti: "Sindingathe kuyerekeza ndi Glinka, koma udzaona kuti udzanyadira kukhala m’bale wanga.” Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa ambiri Otsutsa otchuka aku Russia adzatcha Tchaikovsky "talente yopambana kwambiri Russia ".

      Aliyense wa ifenso nthawi zina ayenera kusankha. Ife, ndithudi, osati kulankhula za zosavuta zosankha zatsiku ndi tsiku: idyani chokoleti kapena tchipisi. Tikunena za chisankho chanu choyamba, koma mwina chovuta kwambiri, chomwe chingayikiretu tsogolo lanu lonse: "Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani poyamba, kuwonera zojambula kapena kuchita homuweki?" Mwinamwake mukumvetsetsa kuti kutsimikiza kolondola kwa zinthu zofunika patsogolo posankha chonulirapo, kukhoza kuthera nthaŵi mwanzeru kudzadalira ngati mudzapeza zotulukapo zazikulu m’moyo kapena ayi.”

     Tikudziwa njira yomwe Tchaikovsky adatenga. Koma kusankha kwake kunali mwachisawawa kapena zachilengedwe. Poyang'ana koyamba, sizikudziwika chifukwa chake mwana wofewa, wosakhwima, womvera adachita chinthu cholimba mtima: adaphwanya chifuniro cha atate wake. Akatswiri a zamaganizo (amadziŵa zambiri za zolinga za khalidwe lathu) amanena kuti kusankha kwa munthu kumadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo makhalidwe a munthu, khalidwe la munthu, zilakolako zake, zolinga za moyo, ndi maloto. Kodi ndimotani mmene munthu amene anakonda nyimbo kuyambira paubwana wake, kuzipuma, kuzilingalira, kuchita mwanjira ina? mafanizo, zomveka? Chikhalidwe chake chobisika chathupi chinayang'ana pomwe sichinalowe kumvetsetsa kwachuma kwa nyimbo. Heine wamkulu anati: “Pamene mawu amatha, pamenepo nyimbo zimayamba…” kumverera kwa mtendere wa mgwirizano. Moyo wake udadziwa kuyankhula ndi izi mopanda nzeru (simungathe kuzigwira ndi manja anu, simungathe kuzifotokoza ndi njira) zinthu. Anali pafupi kumvetsetsa chinsinsi cha kubadwa kwa nyimbo. Dziko lamatsenga limeneli, losafikirika kwa anthu ambiri, linamukopa.

     Nyimbo zofunika Tchaikovsky - katswiri wa zamaganizo yemwe amatha kumvetsa zauzimu zamkati dziko laumunthu ndikuliwonetsa mu ntchito. Ndipo, ndithudi, nyimbo zake (mwachitsanzo, "Iolanta") ndizodzaza ndi sewero lamaganizo la anthu. Ponena za kuchuluka kwa malowedwe a Tchaikovsky mu dziko lamkati la munthu, iye anafanizidwa ndi Dostoevsky.       Makhalidwe oimba amaganizo omwe Tchaikovsky anapereka kwa ngwazi zake ali kutali ndi chiwonetsero chathyathyathya. M'malo mwake, zithunzi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zitatu-dimensional, stereophonic ndi zenizeni. Amawonetsedwa osati m'mawonekedwe achisanu, koma mumayendedwe, molingana ndendende ndi kupotozedwa kwachiwembu.

     N'zosatheka kupanga symphony popanda kugwira ntchito mwakhama. Choncho nyimbo anafunsa motero Peter, amene anavomereza kuti: “Popanda ntchito, moyo ulibe tanthauzo kwa ine.” Wotsutsa nyimbo wa ku Russia GA Laroche anati: "Tchaikovsky ankagwira ntchito mwakhama komanso tsiku ndi tsiku ... Anakumana ndi zowawa zokoma za kulenga ... Osasowa tsiku lopanda ntchito, kulemba pa nthawi yoikidwiratu kunakhala lamulo kwa iye kuyambira ali wamng'ono." Pyotr Ilyich ananena ponena za iye kuti: “Ndimagwira ntchito ngati womangidwa.” Popeza analibe nthawi yomaliza gawo limodzi, anayamba ntchito ina. Tchaikovsky adati: "Kudzoza ndi mlendo yemwe sakonda kuchezera aulesi."     

Khama la Tchaikovsky ndipo, ndithudi, luso likhoza kuweruzidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi kuchuluka kwake adayandikira ntchito yomwe adapatsidwa ndi AG Rubinstein (adaphunzitsa pa Conservatory of Composition) lembani zosiyana zotsutsana pamutu womwe waperekedwa. Mphunzitsi akuyembekezeka kulandira mitundu khumi mpaka makumi awiri, koma adadabwa pomwe Pyotr Ilyich adapereka oposa mazana awiri!” Nihil Volenti difficile est” (Kwa iwo omwe akufuna, palibe chovuta).

     Kale ali wachinyamata, ntchito ya Tchaikovsky inali yodziwika ndi luso lomvetsera ntchito, chifukwa cha "malingaliro abwino", ntchitoyo inakhala "chisangalalo chambiri." Tchaikovsky, wopeka nyimboyo, anathandizidwa kwambiri ndi luso lake mu njira yophiphiritsira (chophiphiritsa, chophiphiritsa cha lingaliro losamveka). Njirayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito momveka bwino mu ballet "The Nutcracker", makamaka pa chiwonetsero cha tchuthi, chomwe chinayamba ndi kuvina kwa Fairy Sugar Plum. Divertimento - suite imaphatikizapo kuvina kwa Chokoleti (kuvina kwamphamvu, kofulumira kwa Chisipanishi), kuvina kwa Khofi (kuvina kosangalatsa kwa Chiarabu koyimba nyimbo zanyimbo) ndi kuvina kwa Tiyi (kuvina kochititsa chidwi kwa China). Kusiyanitsa kumatsatiridwa ndi kuvina - chisangalalo "Waltz of the Flowers" - fanizo la masika, kudzutsidwa kwa chilengedwe.

     Kuwuka kwa kulenga kwa Pyotr Ilyich kunathandizidwa ndi kudzidzudzula, popanda njira yopita ku ungwiro. zosatheka. Nthaŵi ina, ali m’zaka zake zauchikulire, mwanjira inayake anaona ntchito zake zonse m’laibulale yaumwini nati: “Ambuye, ndalemba zochuluka chotani nanga, koma zonsezi sizinali zangwiro, zofowoka, zosachitidwa mwaluso.” Kwa zaka zambiri, iye anasintha kwambiri zina mwa ntchito zake. Ndinayesa kusirira ntchito za anthu ena. Podzipenda, anasonyeza kudziletsa. Nthawi ina, ku funso lakuti "Peter Ilyich, kodi mwatopa kale kutamandidwa ndipo simukumvetsera?" Wopeka nyimboyo anayankha kuti: "Inde, anthu amandikomera mtima kwambiri, mwina kuposa momwe ndimayenera ..." Mawu a Tchaikovsky anali mawu akuti "Ntchito, chidziwitso, kudzichepetsa."

     Pokhala wosadziletsa, anali wokoma mtima, wachifundo, ndi wolabadira ena. Iye sanakhalepo osakhudzidwa ndi mavuto ndi zovuta za ena. Mtima wake unali wotseguka kwa anthu. Iye ankasamalira kwambiri abale ake komanso achibale ake ena. Pamene mphwake Tanya Davydova anadwala, anakhala naye kwa miyezi ingapo ndipo anamusiya iye atachira. Kukoma mtima kwake kunaonekera makamaka popereka penshoni ndi ndalama zomwe ankapeza akatha. achibale, kuphatikizapo akutali, ndi mabanja awo.

     Pa nthawi yomweyi, panthawi ya ntchito, mwachitsanzo, poyeserera ndi oimba, adawonetsa kulimba, kukhazikika, kukwaniritsa phokoso lomveka bwino la chida chilichonse. Maonekedwe a Pyotr Ilyich sangakhale osakwanira popanda kutchula zambiri zaumwini wake makhalidwe Makhalidwe ake nthawi zina anali okondwa, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala wokhumudwa komanso wokhumudwa. Chifukwa chake mu ntchito yake inali yolamulidwa ndi zolemba zazing'ono, zomvetsa chisoni. Zinatsekedwa. Kukonda kukhala payekha. Ngakhale kuti zingaoneke zodabwitsa, kusungulumwa kunam’pangitsa kukopeka ndi nyimbo. Anakhala bwenzi lake kwa moyo wonse, ndipo anamupulumutsa ku chisoni.

     Aliyense ankamudziwa kuti anali wodzichepetsa komanso wamanyazi. Anali wolunjika, woona mtima, woona. Anthu ambiri a m’nthawi yake ankaona kuti Pyotr Ilyich ndi munthu wophunzira kwambiri. Mosowa Panthawi yopumula, ankakonda kuwerenga, kupita kumakonsati, ndikuchita ntchito za Mozart, Beethoven ndi oimba ena omwe ankawakonda. Pofika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ankatha kulankhula ndi kulemba mu Chijeremani ndi Chifalansa. Kenako anaphunzira Chitaliyana.

     Pokhala ndi mikhalidwe yaumwini ndi yaukatswiri yofunikira kuti akhale woimba wamkulu, Tchaikovsky adasintha momaliza ntchito yake ngati loya kupita ku nyimbo.

     Njira yolunjika, ngakhale yovuta kwambiri, yaminga yopita pamwamba inatsegulidwa pamaso pa Pyotr Ilyich luso loimba. “Per aspera ad astra” (Kupyolera mu minga mpaka ku nyenyezi).

      Mu 1861, m'chaka cha makumi awiri ndi chimodzi cha moyo wake, iye analowa m'kalasi nyimbo Russian gulu loimba, limene zaka zitatu pambuyo pake linasinthidwa kukhala St kosungirako zinthu. Iye anali wophunzira wa wotchuka woimba ndi mphunzitsi Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein (zida ndi zikuchokera). Mphunzitsi wodziwa nthawi yomweyo adazindikira talente yodabwitsa ku Pyotr Ilyich. Mothandizidwa ndi ulamuliro waukulu wa mphunzitsi wake, Tchaikovsky kwa nthawi yoyamba adapeza chidaliro mu luso lake ndipo mofunitsitsa, ndi mphamvu katatu ndi kudzoza, anayamba kumvetsetsa malamulo a nyimbo.

     Maloto a "galasi mnyamata" anakwaniritsidwa - mu 1865. analandira maphunziro apamwamba nyimbo.

Pyotr Ilyich anapatsidwa mendulo yaikulu yasiliva. Anaitanidwa kukaphunzitsa ku Moscow kosungirako zinthu. Analandira udindo monga pulofesa wa ufulu zikuchokera, mgwirizano, chiphunzitso ndi zida

     Popita ku cholinga chake chomwe amachikonda, Pyotr Ilyich adatha kukhala nyenyezi ya ukulu woyamba. mlengalenga wanyimbo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mu chikhalidwe cha ku Russia, dzina lake ndi lofanana ndi mayina

Pushkin, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky. Pa nyimbo zapadziko lonse za Olympus, ntchito yake yolenga ikufanana ndi ntchito ya Bach ndi Beethoven, Mozart ndi Schubert, Schumann ndi Wagner, Berlioz, Verdi, Rossini, Chopin, Dvorak, Liszt.

     Chopereka chake ku chikhalidwe cha nyimbo zapadziko lonse ndi chachikulu. Ntchito zake ndi zamphamvu kwambiri odzazidwa ndi malingaliro aumunthu, chikhulupiriro m'tsogolo lapamwamba la munthu. Pyotr Ilyich anaimba chigonjetso cha chisangalalo ndi chikondi chopambana pa mphamvu zoyipa ndi nkhanza.

     Ntchito zake zimakhudza kwambiri maganizo. Nyimboyi ndi yowona mtima, ofunda, okonda kukongola, achisoni, makiyi ang'onoang'ono. Ndi zokongola, zachikondi komanso zachilendo melodic kulemera.

     Ntchito ya Tchaikovsky imayimiridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo: ballet ndi opera, ma symphonies ndi ntchito za symphonic pulogalamu, makonsati ndi nyimbo zapachipinda zida zoimbira, kwaya, nyimbo… Pyotr Ilyich adapanga zisudzo khumi, kuphatikiza "Eugene Onegin", "The Queen of Spades", "Iolanta". Anapatsa dziko ma ballet "Swan Lake", "Sleeping Beauty", "The Nutcracker". Chuma cha zaluso zapadziko lonse lapansi chimaphatikizapo ma symphonies asanu ndi limodzi, zongopeka - zongopeka zochokera ku Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet", "Hamlet", ndi sewero la okhestra la Solemn Overture "1812". Analemba ma concerto a piyano ndi orchestra, concerto ya violin ndi orchestra, ndi suites za symphony orchestra, kuphatikizapo Mocertiana. Zidutswa za piyano, kuphatikiza kuzungulira kwa "Seasons" ndi zachikondi, zimazindikirikanso ngati ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

     Ndizovuta kulingalira kuti izi zikanakhala zotayika bwanji kwa dziko la luso loimba. bwezerani zowawa zomwe zidachitikira "mnyamata wagalasi" muubwana wake ndi unyamata wake. Ndi munthu wodzipereka kwambiri pazaluso amene angapirire mayesero otere.

Vuto linanso la tsoka linachitikira Pyotr Ilyich patatha miyezi itatu kosungirako zinthu. Wotsutsa nyimbo Ts.A. Cui mosayenerera anapereka kuwunika koyipa kwa luso la Tchaikovsky. Ndi mawu osalongosoka omwe anamveka mokweza mu nyuzipepala ya St. Petersburg Gazette, wolemba nyimboyo anavulazidwa kwambiri… Zaka zingapo m’mbuyomo, amayi ake anamwalira. Analandira zowawa kwambiri kuchokera kwa mkazi yemwe amamukonda, yemwe, atangopanga chibwenzi, adamusiya kuti amupatse ndalama zina ...

     Panalinso ziyeso zina za choikidwiratu. Mwina ndicho chifukwa chake, poyesa kubisala ku mavuto omwe amamuvutitsa, Pyotr Ilyich adakhala moyo woyendayenda kwa nthawi yaitali, nthawi zambiri amasintha malo ake okhala.

     Kuwombera komaliza kunakhala kowopsa ...

     Tikuthokoza Pyotr Ilyich chifukwa chodzipereka ku nyimbo. Anatisonyeza chitsanzo cha khama, kupirira, ndi kutsimikiza mtima, achinyamata ndi achikulire omwe. Iye ankaganiza za ife oimba achinyamata. Pokhala kale wolemba wamkulu wotchuka, wozunguliridwa ndi mavuto "wamkulu", adatipatsa mphatso zamtengo wapatali. Ngakhale kuti anali wotanganidwa kwambiri, anamasulira buku la Robert Schumann lakuti “Life Rules and Advice to Young Oimba” m’Chirasha. Ali ndi zaka 38, adakutulutsani masewero otchedwa "Children's Album".

     “The Glass Boy” inatilimbikitsa kukhala okoma mtima ndi kuona kukongola kwa anthu. Anatisiyira chikondi cha moyo, chilengedwe, luso…