RIMSKY - KORSAKOV: NYIMBO ZA ZINTHU ZITATU - NYANJA, MPHAMVU NDI NTHANO ZABWINO

     Mverani nyimbo za Rimsky-Korsakov. Simudzazindikira momwe munganyamulire  m'dziko la FAIRY TALES, zamatsenga, zongopeka. "Usiku Usanafike Khrisimasi", "Golden Cockerel", "The Snow Maiden" ... Izi ndi ntchito zina zambiri za "The Great Storyteller in Music" Rimsky-Korsakov zimadzaza ndi loto la mwana la moyo wanthano, zabwino. ndi chilungamo. Ngwazi za epic, nthano, ndi nthano zimachokera ku ufumu wanyimbo kulowa m'dziko lanu lamaloto. Ndi chord chilichonse chatsopano, malire a nthanoyo amakula mokulirakulira. Ndipo, tsopano, simulinso mchipinda choyimbira. Makoma anasungunuka ndipo inu  -  otenga nawo mbali pankhondo ndi  wamatsenga Ndipo momwe nkhondo yongopeka ndi zoyipa idzathere zimadalira kulimba mtima kwanu!

     Kupambana kwa Ubwino. Wolemba nyimboyo analota zimenezi. Ankafuna kuti munthu aliyense padziko lapansi, anthu onse, akhale cholengedwa choyera, chopanda cholakwika cha COSMOS Yaikulu. Rimsky-Korsakov ankakhulupirira kuti ngati munthu aphunzira "kuyang'ana  ku nyenyezi,” dziko la anthu lidzakhala labwinopo, langwiro, lachifundo. Analota kuti posachedwa Harmony ya munthu ndi Cosmos yopanda malire idzabwera, monga momwe phokoso lachidziwitso "laling'ono" mu symphony yaikulu limapanga nyimbo zabwino. Wolemba nyimboyo analota kuti sipadzakhala zolemba zabodza kapena anthu oipa padziko lapansi. 

        Chinthu china chimamveka mu nyimbo za woimba wamkulu - izi ndi nyimbo za OCEAN, nyimbo za ufumu wa pansi pa madzi. Dziko lamatsenga la Poseidon lidzakusangalatsani ndikukusangalatsani kosatha. Koma si nyimbo za ma Sirens abodza zomwe zingakope makutu anu. Mudzasangalatsidwa ndi nyimbo zokongola, zoyera za malo a m'nyanja zomwe zimalemekezedwa ndi Rimsky-Korsakov mumasewero a "Sadko", "The Tale of Tsar Saltan", ndi "Scheherazade".

     Kodi mutu wa Fairy Tales unachokera kuti mu ntchito za Rimsky-Korsakov, chifukwa chiyani adakondwera ndi malingaliro a Space ndi Nyanja? Kodi zinatheka bwanji kuti zinthu zimenezi zidzakhale nyenyezi zotsogolera pa ntchito yake? Ndi misewu yanji adabwera ku Muse wake? Tiyeni tifufuze mayankho a mafunso amenewa ali wamng’ono komanso pamene anali wachinyamata.

     Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky - Korsakov anabadwa pa March 6, 1844. m'tawuni yaing'ono ya Tikhvinsk, m'chigawo cha Novgorod. M'banja la Nikolai (dzina lake linali Niki) munali ambiri  Asilikali odziwika bwino ankhondo apanyanja, komanso akuluakulu aboma.

     Agogo aamuna a Nicholas, Wankhondo Yakovlevich Rimsky - Korsakov (1702-1757), adadzipereka ku ntchito ya usilikali. Nditamaliza maphunziro ake ku Maritime Academy, iye ankayang'anira malire a madzi a Russia ku Baltic  m’madzi a St. Anakhala wachiwiri kwa admiral ndipo adatsogolera gulu lankhondo la Kronstadt.

      Agogo  Niki, Pyotr Voinovich, anasankha njira ina m'moyo. Anatumikira boma m'munda wamba: anali mtsogoleri wa olemekezeka. Koma sichifukwa chake adakhala munthu wodziwika bwino m'banjamo. Anakhala wotchuka chifukwa cha zomwe anachita: adabera wokondedwa wake popanda chilolezo cha makolo ake kuti akwatire.

       Iwo amanena kuti Nikolai, tsogolo wopeka kwambiri, anapatsidwa dzina polemekeza amalume ake, Nikolai Petrovich Rimsky - Korsakov (1793-1848).  Anakwezedwa udindo wa vice admiral. Anapanga maulendo angapo apanyanja apanyanja, kuphatikizapo kuchita nawo maulendo ozungulira dziko lapansi. Pa Nkhondo ya 1812, iye anamenyana pa nthaka ndi French pafupi Smolensk, komanso pa Borodino munda ndi Tarutino. Analandira mphoto zambiri zankhondo. Mu 1842 chifukwa cha ntchito ku dziko la makolo ake, iye anasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa asilikali apamadzi a Peter Wamkulu (Naval Institute).

       Bambo wa wolembayo, Andrei Petrovich (1778-1862), adafika pamtunda waukulu mu utumiki waufumu. Anakhala wachiwiri kwa kazembe wachigawo cha Volyn. Komabe, pazifukwa zina, mwina chifukwa chakuti sanasonyeze kulimba kofunikira kwa oganiza zaufulu - otsutsa mphamvu ya tsarist, adathamangitsidwa mu 1835. kuchokera kuntchito ndi penshoni yotsika kwambiri. Izi zidachitika zaka zisanu ndi zinayi Nick asanabadwe. Bamboyo adathyoka.

      Andrei Petrovich sanatengepo gawo lalikulu pakulera mwana wake. Ubwenzi wa abambo ndi Nikolai unalephereka chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zaka. Pamene Niki anabadwa, Andrei Petrovich anali kale zaka 60.

     Mayi wa woimba tsogolo, Sofya Vasilievna, anali mwana wa mwini malo olemera Skaryatin.  ndi mkazi wosauka wa serf. Amayi ankakonda mwana wawo wamwamuna, koma analinso ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zaka ndi Niki - pafupifupi zaka 40. Panali nthawi zina kusamvana pakati pawo. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi chinali, mwina, osati ngakhale mavuto okhudzana ndi ukalamba.  Anavutika maganizo  kusowa ndalama m'banja. Iye ankayembekezera kuti mwana wakeyo, mwinanso mosagwirizana ndi zofuna zake, akadzakula adzasankha ntchito yolipidwa bwino ya msilikali wa pamadzi. Ndipo anakankhira Nikolai ku cholinga ichi, poopa kuti achoka panjira yomwe akufuna.

     Choncho, Nika analibe amnzake m’banja lake. Ngakhale mchimwene wake anali wamkulu kuposa Nikolai ndi zaka 22. Ndipo ngati tiganizira kuti mbale wake anali wouma mtima (anamutcha kuti Wankhondo polemekeza agogo ake aamuna), kwenikweni analibe kuyandikana kwapadera kwauzimu. Komabe, Nika anali ndi mtima wokonda kwa mchimwene wake.  Kupatula apo, Wankhondoyo adasankha ntchito yovuta komanso yachikondi ya woyendetsa panyanja!

      Moyo pakati pa akuluakulu, omwe aiwala kale zilakolako ndi malingaliro awo aubwana, umathandizira kuti pakhale zochitika zenizeni komanso zenizeni mwa mwana, nthawi zambiri amalephera kulota. Kodi izi sizikulongosola kulakalaka kwa wopeka wamtsogolo wa ziwembu za nthano za nyimbo zake? Iye  anayesera “kukhala” muuchikulire moyo wodabwitsa wanthano umene unatsala pang’ono kulandidwa muubwana?

     Kuphatikizika kosowa kothandiza komanso kulota kwa mnyamata kumatha kuwoneka m'mawu otchuka a Rimsky-Korsakov, omwe adamveka m'kalata yake kwa amayi ake: "Yang'anani nyenyezi, koma musayang'ane ndipo musagwe." Kulankhula za nyenyezi. Nikolai atangoyamba kumene kuwerenga nkhani zokhudza nyenyezi, anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi sayansi ya zakuthambo.

     Nyanja, mu “kulimbana” kwake ndi nyenyezi, “sinafuna” kusiya malo ake. Akuluakulu adakweza Nikolai wamng'ono kwambiri ngati mtsogoleri wamtsogolo, woyendetsa sitimayo. Nthawi yochuluka ankathera pa maphunziro a thupi. Anali wozoloŵera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kumamatira kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku. Anakula ali mnyamata wamphamvu, wosasunthika. Akuluwo ankafuna kuti azichita zinthu payekha komanso azilimbikira ntchito.  Tinayesetsa kuti tisawononge. Anaphunzitsa luso la kumvera ndi kukhala ndi udindo. Mwina ndichifukwa chake ankawoneka (makamaka ndi zaka) kukhala wodzipatula, wosasamala, wosalankhula komanso wokhwima.

        Chifukwa cha kulera kolimba kwa Spartan, Nikolai pang'onopang'ono anayamba kufuna chitsulo, komanso kukhala ndi maganizo okhwima komanso ovuta kwa iyemwini.

      Nanga bwanji nyimbo? Ino mbuti mbomukonzya kukkala mubuumi bwa Nika? Tiyenera kuvomereza kuti, atayamba kuphunzira nyimbo, Rimsky-Korsakov wamng'ono, m'maloto ake, adayimilirabe pa mlatho wa kapitawo wa ngalawa yankhondo ndipo analamula kuti: "Lekani mizere yoyendetsa ndege!" jib ndi kukhala panyanja! "

    Ndipo ngakhale anayamba kuimba piyano ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, chikondi chake pa nyimbo sichinayambe pomwepo ndipo sichinayambe kukhala chokwanira komanso chokwanira. Khutu labwino kwambiri la Nika pa nyimbo komanso kukumbukira bwino, zomwe adazipeza koyambirira, zidayimba nyimbo. Amayi ake ankakonda kuimba komanso kumva bwino, komanso bambo ake ankaphunzira kuimba. Amalume ake a Nikolai, Pavel Petrovich (1789-1832), amene Niki ankadziwa kuchokera ku nkhani za achibale, amatha kusewera pamtima chidutswa chilichonse cha nyimbo zomveka zovuta zilizonse. Iye sankadziwa zolembazo. Koma ankamva bwino kwambiri komanso ankakumbukira zinthu modabwitsa.

     Kuyambira ali ndi zaka khumi ndi chimodzi, Niki anayamba kulemba ntchito zake zoyamba. Ngakhale adzikonzekeretsa yekha ndi chidziwitso chapadera cha maphunziro m'derali, ndiyeno pang'ono chabe, pambuyo pa kotala la zaka zana.

     Nthawi itakwana yoti Nikolai akhale ndi luso laukadaulo, akulu kapena Nika wazaka khumi ndi ziwiri analibe kukayikira komwe angapite kukaphunzira. Mu 1856 anatumizidwa ku Naval Cadet Corps (St. Petersburg). Sukulu yayamba. Poyamba zonse zinkayenda bwino. Komabe, patapita zaka zingapo, chidwi chake mu nyimbo chinakula kwambiri motsutsana ndi maziko a maphunziro owuma okhudzana ndi zochitika zapamadzi zomwe zimaphunzitsidwa kusukulu yapamadzi. Pa nthawi yake yopuma yophunzira, Nikolai anayamba kupita ku St. Petersburg Opera House. Ndinamvetsera mwachidwi zisudzo za Rossini, Donizetti ndi Carl von Weber (wotsogolera Wagner). Ndinakondwera ndi ntchito za MI Glinka: "Ruslan ndi Lyudmila", "Moyo wa Tsar" ("Ivan Susanin"). Ndinayamba kukonda kwambiri sewero lakuti “Robert the Devil” lolembedwa ndi Giacomo Meyerbeer. Chidwi mu nyimbo za Beethoven ndi Mozart chinakula.

    Udindo waukulu mu tsogolo la Rimsky-Korsakov ankaimba Russian woyimba piyano ndi mphunzitsi Fyodor Andreevich Kanille. Mu 1859-1862 Nikolai anaphunzira kwa iye. Fyodor Andreevich adayamikira kwambiri luso la mnyamatayo. Anandilangiza kuti ndiyambe kupeka nyimbo. Ndinamudziwitsa kwa woimba wodziwa bwino MA Balakirev ndi oimba omwe anali mbali ya nyimbo za "Mighty Handful" zomwe adakonza.

     Mu 1861-1862, ndiye kuti, zaka ziwiri zapitazi za maphunziro a Naval Corps, Rimsky-Korsakov, pa malangizo a Balakirev, anayamba, ngakhale kuti analibe chidziwitso chokwanira choimba, kulemba symphony yake yoyamba. Kodi izi ndizotheka: popanda kukonzekera koyenera ndipo nthawi yomweyo mutenge symphony? Ichi chinali kalembedwe ka ntchito ya mlengi wa "Mighty Handful". Balakirev ankakhulupirira kuti kugwira ntchito pa chidutswa, ngakhale kuli kovuta kwambiri kwa wophunzira, n'kothandiza chifukwa monga nyimbo zalembedwa, njira yophunzirira luso la kupanga imapezeka. Khazikitsani ntchito zovuta kwambiri…

     Udindo wa nyimbo mu malingaliro ndi tsogolo la Rimsky-Korsakov anayamba kulamulira china chirichonse. Nikolai adapeza mabwenzi amalingaliro ofanana: Mussorgsky, Stasov, Cui.

     Nthawi yomaliza yomaliza maphunziro ake apanyanja inali itayandikira. Amayi ake a Nikolai ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu, omwe ankadziona kuti ndi omwe ali ndi udindo pa ntchito ya Nikolai, adawona kuti Nika akukonda kwambiri nyimbo monga chiwopsezo ku ntchito ya usilikali ya Nika. Kutsutsa kwakukulu kwa chilakolako cha luso kunayamba.

     Amayi, poyesera “kutembenuza” mwana wawo wamwamuna kuti ayambe ntchito yapamadzi, analembera mwana wawo wamwamuna kuti: “Nyimbo ndi zinthu za atsikana opanda pake komanso zosangalatsa zosavuta kwa munthu wotanganidwa.” Adalankhula momaliza kuti: "Sindikufuna kuti kukonda kwanu nyimbo kuwononge ntchito yanu." Udindo wa wokondedwa umenewu unapangitsa kuti ubale wa mwanayo ukhale wozizira ndi amayi ake kwa nthawi yaitali.

     Mkulu wake adamuchitira nkhanza Nika. Wankhondoyo adasiya kulipira maphunziro a nyimbo kuchokera kwa FA Canille.  Fyodor Andreevich anayamikira kwambiri chifukwa anapempha Nikolai kuti aziphunzira naye kwaulere.

       Amayi ndi mchimwene wake wamkulu, motsogozedwa ndi zomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi zolinga zabwino, adakwaniritsa kuti Nikolai alowe m'gulu la sitima yapamadzi yotchedwa Almaz, yomwe ikukonzekera kuyenda ulendo wautali kudutsa nyanja ya Baltic, Atlantic Ocean ndi Mediterranean Sea. Choncho, mu 1862 Atangomaliza maphunziro aulemu ku Naval Corps, midshipman Rimsky-Korsakov, ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, ananyamuka ulendo wa zaka zitatu.

      Kwa masiku pafupifupi 1871 anadzipeza atasiya kucheza ndi anthu oimba komanso anzake. Posakhalitsa anayamba kumva kulemedwa ndi ulendo uwu pakati, monga iye ananenera, "Sergeant majors" (mmodzi mwa otsika mkulu maudindo, amene anakhala n'chimodzimodzi ndi mwano, kusamvana, maphunziro otsika ndi makhalidwe otsika). Iye ankaona kuti nthawi imeneyi anataya zilandiridwenso ndi maphunziro nyimbo. Ndipo, ndithudi, mu nthawi ya "nyanja" ya moyo wake, Nikolai anatha kulemba zochepa kwambiri: gulu lachiwiri (Andante) la Symphony Yoyamba. Inde, kusambira mwanjira inayake kunasokoneza maphunziro a nyimbo a Rimsky-Korsakov. Analephera kupeza chidziŵitso chonse chapamwamba pankhani ya nyimbo. Iye ankada nkhawa ndi zimenezi. Ndipo pokha mu XNUMX, atakula kale, adaitanidwa kuti aziphunzitsa zochitika (osati zongopeka), zida zoimbira ndi kuyimba pa Conservatory, ndipo pamapeto pake adagwira ntchito yoyamba.  kuphunzira. Anapempha aphunzitsi asukulu kuti amuthandize kupeza chidziwitso chofunikira.

      Ulendo wa masiku 1,000, mosasamala kanthu za zovuta zonse ndi zovuta, kudzipatula ku nyimbo zomwe zidakhala mbadwa yake, sizinataye nthawi. Rimsky-Korsakov adatha kupeza (mwina popanda kuzindikira panthawiyo) zamtengo wapatali, popanda zomwe ntchito yake mwina sichikanakhala yowala kwambiri.

     Mausiku chikwi akukhala pansi pa nyenyezi, kusinkhasinkha pa Space, tsogolo lalitali  Maudindo a munthu m'dziko lino lapansi, kuzindikira kwanzeru, malingaliro okulirapo adapyoza mtima wa wolemba ngati ma meteorites akugwa.

     Mutu wa gawo la nyanja ndi kukongola kwake kosatha, mikuntho ndi mikuntho zinawonjezera mtundu wa nyimbo zochititsa chidwi za Rimsky-Korsakov.  Atayendera dziko la Space, Fantasy ndi Nyanja, wolembayo, ngati akulowa m'miphika itatu yokongola, adasandulika, kutsitsimutsidwa, ndikuphuka maluwa kuti azitha kulenga.

    Mu 1865, Nikolai kwamuyaya anatsika sitimayo kupita kumtunda. Anabwerera ku dziko la nyimbo osati ngati munthu wokhumudwa, osati wokhumudwa ndi dziko lonse lapansi, koma monga wopeka wodzaza ndi mphamvu za kulenga ndi mapulani.

      Ndipo inu, achinyamata, muyenera kukumbukira kuti "wakuda", mayendedwe oipa m'moyo wa munthu, ngati mukuchitira popanda chisoni kwambiri kapena opanda chiyembekezo, akhoza kukhala ndi mbewu zabwino zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kwa inu m'tsogolomu. Pirirani mzanga. Kudekha ndi kudekha.

     M'chaka cha kubwerera kwake kuchokera kunyanja, Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov anamaliza kulemba nyimbo yake yoyamba ya Symphony. Idachitika koyamba pa December 19, 1865. Nikolai Andreevich adawona kuti tsikuli ndilo chiyambi cha ntchito yake yolemba. Ndiye anali ndi zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi. Wina anganene ngati ntchito yayikulu yoyamba idawoneka mochedwa kwambiri? Rimsky-Korsakov ankakhulupirira kuti mukhoza kuphunzira nyimbo pa msinkhu uliwonse: zisanu ndi chimodzi, khumi, zaka makumi awiri, ndipo ngakhale munthu wamkulu kwambiri. Mwinamwake mudzadabwa kwambiri kumva kuti munthu wanzeru, wofuna kudziwa zinthu amaphunzira moyo wake wonse, kufikira atakalamba kwambiri.

   Tangoganizani kuti wophunzira wazaka zapakati ankafuna kudziwa chimodzi mwa zinsinsi zazikulu za ubongo waumunthu: momwe kukumbukira kumasungidwira mmenemo.  Kodi mungalembe bwanji ku diski, ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, "werengani" zonse zomwe zasungidwa muubongo, malingaliro, luso lolankhula komanso kulenga? Tiyerekeze kuti mnzanuyo  chaka chapitacho ndinawulukira mumlengalenga kwa nyenyezi iwiri Alpha Centauri (imodzi mwa nyenyezi zapafupi kwambiri kwa ife, yomwe ili pamtunda wa zaka zinayi za kuwala). Palibe kugwirizana ndi iye, koma muyenera kulankhulana naye, mwamsanga funsani pa nkhani yofunika kwambiri, yomwe imadziwika kwa iye yekha. Mumachotsa diski yamtengo wapatali, kulumikiza kukumbukira kwa mnzanu ndipo mumphindi mumalandira yankho! Kuti athetse vuto la decoding zambiri zobisika m'mutu wa munthu, wophunzira ayenera kuphunzira zaposachedwa zasayansi pakupanga sikani yaubongo hypernano yama cell apadera aubongo omwe ali ndi udindo wosamalira ndi kusunga zikhumbo zochokera kunja. Choncho, tiyenera kuphunziranso.

    Kufunika kudziwa zambiri zatsopano, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu, zinamveka Rimsky-Korsakov, ndi anthu ena ambiri kumvetsa izo. Wojambula wotchuka wa ku Spain Francisco Goya analemba chojambula pamutuwu ndipo anachitcha kuti "Ndikuphunzirabe."

     Nikolai Andreevich anapitiriza miyambo ya European symphony pulogalamu mu ntchito yake. Mwa izi adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Franz Liszt ndi Hector Berlioz.  Ndipo, ndithudi, MI anasiya chizindikiro chakuya pa ntchito zake. Glinka.

     Rimsky-Korsakov analemba zisudzo khumi ndi zisanu. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zatchulidwa m'nkhani yathu, ndi "The Pskov Woman", "May Night", "Mkwatibwi wa Tsar", "Kashchei the Immortal", "The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh ndi Maiden Fevronia" ndi ena. . Amadziwika ndi zowoneka bwino, zakuya komanso chikhalidwe cha dziko.

     Nikolai Andreevich analemba nyimbo zisanu ndi zitatu za symphonic, kuphatikizapo nyimbo zitatu, "Overture pa Mitu ya Nyimbo Zitatu za Chirasha", "Spanish Capriccio", "Holiday Bright". Nyimbo zake zimadabwitsa ndi kayimbidwe kake, maphunziro, zenizeni komanso nthawi yomweyo zodabwitsa komanso matsenga. Anatulukira sikelo yofananira, yotchedwa "Rimsky-Korsakov Gamma," yomwe adagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza dziko lazongopeka.

      Zokonda zake zambiri zidatchuka kwambiri: "Pamapiri a Georgia", "Kodi Mudzina Lanu Ndi Chiyani", "Nyanja Yamtendere Yabuluu", "Southern Night", "Masiku Anga Akujambula Pang'onopang'ono". Pazonse, adapanga zokonda makumi asanu ndi limodzi.

      Rimsky-Korsakov analemba mabuku atatu pa mbiri ndi chiphunzitso cha nyimbo. Kuyambira 1874 anayamba kuchita.

    Kuzindikiridwa kowona monga wopeka sikunabwere kwa iye nthawi yomweyo osati ndi aliyense. Ena, polemekeza nyimbo zake zapadera, adanena kuti sankadziwa bwino masewero a opera.

     Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90 m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, zinthu zidasintha. Nikolai Andreevich anapeza kuzindikira chilengedwe ndi ntchito yake titanic. Iye mwini anati: “Musanditchule kuti ndine wamkulu; Ingomutchani Rimsky-Korsakov.