Ndi masewera otani omwe Tchaikovsky adalemba?

Mukafunsa anthu mwachisawawa zomwe analemba Tchaikovsky, ambiri angakuuzeni "Eugene Onegin", mwinamwake ngakhale kuyimba chinachake. Ena adzakumbukira "Mfumukazi ya Spades" ("Makhadi atatu, makadi atatu!!"), Mwinanso opera "Cherevichki" adzakumbukira (wolemba anachita yekha, ndi chifukwa chake ndi losaiwalika).

Okwana, wolemba Tchaikovsky analemba khumi zisudzo. Ena, ndithudi, sadziwika kwambiri, koma theka labwino la khumi awa amasangalala nthawi zonse ndi omvera ochokera padziko lonse lapansi.

Nawa ma opera onse 10 a Tchaikovsky:

1. "Voevoda" - opera yochokera pa sewero la AN Ostrovsky (1868)

2. "Ondine" - yochokera m'buku la F. Motta-Fouquet ponena za undine (1869)

3. "The Oprichnik" - yochokera ku nkhani ya II Lazhechnikova (1872)

4. "Eugene Onegin" - zochokera m'buku la dzina lomwelo mu ndime ndi AS Pushkin (1878)

5. "The Maid of Orleans" - malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, nkhani ya Joan wa Arc (1879)

6. "Mazeppa" - zochokera ndakatulo ya AS Pushkin "Poltava" (1883)

7. "Cherevichki" - opera yochokera ku nkhani ya NV Gogol "The Night Before Christmas" (1885)

8. "The Enchantress" - yolembedwa motengera tsoka la dzina lomwelo ndi IV Shpazhinsky (1887)

9. "Mfumukazi ya Spades" - yochokera ku nkhani ya AS Pushkin "Queen of Spades" (1890)

10. "Iolanta" - kutengera sewero la H. Hertz "King Rene's Daughter" (1891)

Opera yanga yoyamba "Voevoda" Tchaikovsky mwiniwake adavomereza kuti zinali zolephera: zinkawoneka kwa iye zosagwirizanitsa komanso za Italy-zokoma. Ma hawthorn aku Russia adadzazidwa ndi ma roulades aku Italy. Kupanga sikunayambitsidwenso.

Ma opera awiri otsatirawa ndi "Undine" и "Oprichnik". "Ondine" idakanidwa ndi Bungwe la Imperial Theatres ndipo silinayambepo, ngakhale ili ndi nyimbo zingapo zopambana kwambiri zomwe zimasonyeza kuchoka ku makoni akunja.

"Oprichnik" ndi imodzi mwa nyimbo zoyambirira za Tchaikovsky; Makonzedwe a nyimbo zachi Russia amawonekera mmenemo. Inayenda bwino ndipo inakonzedwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a zisudzo, kuphatikizapo akunja.

Kwa imodzi mwamasewera ake, Tchaikovsky adatenga chiwembu cha "Usiku Usanafike Khrisimasi" ndi NV Gogol. Opera iyi poyambirira idatchedwa "The Blacksmith Vakula", koma kenako idasinthidwa ndikukhala “Nsapato”.

Nkhaniyi ndi iyi: apa shinkar-witch Solokha, wokongola Oksana, ndi wosula zitsulo Vakula, yemwe amamukonda, amawonekera. Vakula vali nakuzachisa Satana nakumukakamisa kuvuluka ngwavo, kutwalaho lika kushipilitu. Oksana amalirira wosula zitsulo yemwe akusowa - ndiyeno akuwonekera pabwalo ndikuponya mphatso pamapazi ake. "Palibe chifukwa, palibe chifukwa, ndingachite popanda iwo!" - akuyankha mtsikanayo mwachikondi.

Nyimbo za ntchitoyi zinakonzedwanso kangapo, ndipo mtundu uliwonse watsopano umakhala wochuluka kwambiri, manambala a malembawo anasiyidwa. Iyi ndi sewero lokhalo lomwe wolemba mwiniyo adapanga.

Ndi zisudzo ziti zodziwika kwambiri?

Ndipo komabe, tikamalankhula za zomwe Tchaikovsky analemba, chinthu choyamba chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo ndi "Eugene Onegin", "Mfumukazi ya Spades" и "Iolanta". Mukhoza kuwonjezera pamndandanda womwewo “Nsapato” с "Mazepoi".

"Eugene Onegin" - opera yomwe libretto yake sifunikira kubwereza mwatsatanetsatane. Kupambana kwa opera kunali kodabwitsa! Mpaka lero, imakhalabe mu repertoire ya onse (!) Opera nyumba.

"Mfumukazi ya Spades" zinalembedwanso kutengera ntchito ya dzina lomwelo ndi AS Pushkin. Anzake amauza Herman, yemwe amakondana ndi Lisa (ku Pushkin, Hermann), nkhani ya makadi atatu opambana, omwe amadziwika ndi omwe amamuyang'anira, Countess.

Lisa akufuna kukumana ndi Herman ndikumupangira nthawi yoti akakumane naye kunyumba kwa mkuluyo. Iye, atalowa m'nyumbamo, amayesa kupeza chinsinsi cha makhadi amatsenga, koma munthu wakale amafa ndi mantha (kenako zidzawululidwa kwa iye ndi mzimu kuti ndi "atatu, asanu ndi awiri, Ace").

Lisa, ataphunzira kuti wokondedwa wake ndi wakupha, amadziponyera m'madzi mokhumudwa. Ndipo Herman, atapambana masewera awiri, amawona mfumukazi ya spades ndi mzimu wa chiwerengero m'malo mwa Ace wachitatu. Amapenga ndikudzibaya, kukumbukira chithunzi chowala cha Lisa mu mphindi zomaliza za moyo wake.

Tomsky's Balada kuchokera ku opera "Mfumukazi ya Spades"

Opera yomaliza ya wolembayo idakhala nyimbo yeniyeni yamoyo - "Iolanta". Mfumukazi Iolanta sadziwa za khungu lake ndipo sanauzidwe za izo. Koma dokotala wa ku Moor ananena kuti ngati akufunadi kuona, kuchira n’kotheka.

Knight Vaudemont, yemwe adalowa mnyumba mwangozi, akulengeza kuti amakonda kukongola ndipo amapempha duwa lofiira ngati chikumbutso. Iolanta amachotsa woyera - zimawonekera kwa iye kuti ndi wakhungu… Vaudémont akuimba nyimbo yeniyeni ya kuwala, dzuwa, ndi moyo. Mfumu yokwiya, bambo ake a mtsikanayo, akuwonekera ...

Poopa moyo wa knight yemwe adamukonda, Iolanta akuwonetsa chikhumbo chofuna kuwona kuwala. Chozizwitsa chachitika: mwana wamkazi wa mfumu akuwona! Mfumu René akudalitsa ukwati wa mwana wake wamkazi kwa Vaudemont, ndipo aliyense amatamanda dzuwa ndi kuwala pamodzi.

Monologue wa dokotala Ibn-Khakia ku "Iolanta"