Pavel Gerasimovich Lisitsian (Pavel Lisitsian) |

Pavel Lisitsian

Anabadwa November 6, 1911 ku Vladikavkaz. Bambo - Lisitsian Gerasim Pavlovich. Mayi - Lisitsian Srbui Manukovna. Mkazi - Dagmar Alexandrovna Lisitsian. Ana: Ruzanna Pavlovna, Ruben Pavlovich, Karina Pavlovna, Gerasim Pavlovich. Onse analandira maphunziro apamwamba nyimbo, anakhala zisudzo wotchuka, laureates wa mpikisano mayiko, ndi maudindo a Anthu ojambula zithunzi ku Armenia, Amalemekeza ojambula zithunzi Russia.

Agogo a PG Lisitsian, komanso Pavel Gerasimovich, anali dalaivala. Bambo anga ankagwira ntchito yoyang’anira mabowo. Kenako anakonza fakitale kupanga casings ndudu (bambo wa mkulu zisudzo mkulu Yevgeny Vakhtangov, Bagrationi Vakhtangov, anapereka ndalama kwa ntchito imeneyi). Gerasim Pavlovich anagula zipangizo ku Finland, anakhazikitsa kupanga, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri analipira ngongole zonse. Komabe, pambuyo pa kusinthako, fakitaleyo inakhala yadziko ndipo bamboyo anakakamizika kubwerera ku ntchito ya ukatswiri wobowola.

Banja la Lisitsian linali ndi ulemu wapadera m'dera la Armenia komanso chifukwa cha nyimbo zosowa za mamembala onse a m'banjamo - amayi ndi abambo, ndi mlongo wamkulu Ruzanna, ndipo kuyambira ali wamng'ono Pavel mwiniwake - aliyense ankaimba kwaya ya mpingo wa Armenia. Nthawi yopuma kunyumba inali yodzaza ndi nyimbo . Kale pa zaka zinayi woimba tsogolo, atakhala pa miyendo ya akulu ake, anapereka zoimbaimba wake woyamba - iye anachita payekha ndi duet ndi bambo ake osati Chiameniya, komanso Russian, Chiyukireniya ndi Neapolitan nyimbo wowerengeka. Pambuyo pake, zaka zingapo zakuphunzira mu kwaya motsogozedwa ndi tcheru, wophunzira kwambiri - oimba Sardaryan ndi Manukyan - adagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga luso la Pavel Lisitsian. Mnyamatayo anakulira m'njira zosiyanasiyana komanso mwamphamvu - anaphunzira kuimba nyimbo za cello, kuphunzira piyano, kuimba mu okhestra osaphunzira ... zoimbaimba. Kwa Paulo, kwa nthaŵi yonse imene angakumbukire, kuimba kunali kwachibadwa monga kulankhula kapena kupuma. Koma makolo a mwanayo sanakonzekere ntchito yoimba. Kuyambira ali wamng'ono zipangizo zosula maloko ndi za ukalipentala zinali zodziwika bwino kwa mnyamatayo ndipo zinkamumvera ngati zoimbira.

Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu, atamaliza sukulu ya zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, Pavel anachoka kunyumba ya makolo ake kukagwira ntchito payekha. Moyo woyendayenda unayamba mu kufufuza kwa geological, maphwando oboola diamondi. 1927 - Migodi ya Sadon pafupi ndi Vladikavkaz, Pavel - wophunzira wobowola, wogwira ntchito, wothandizira. 1928 - Makhuntets pafupi ndi Batumi, amagwira ntchito ngati wothandizira mbuye. 1929 - Akhalkalaki, yomanga malo opangira magetsi a Taparavan, Pavel - wodziwa kubowola komanso wochita nawo nthawi zonse zojambulajambula, woyimba yekha mu kwaya ya anthu. Pambuyo pa imodzi mwazokamba, mtsogoleri wa phwandolo adapereka tikiti kwa mbuye wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu kuchokera ku Tiflis Geological Administration kupita ku bungwe la ogwira ntchito ku Leningrad Conservatory. Pavel anafika ku Leningrad m’chilimwe cha m’chaka cha 1930. Zinapezeka kuti patsala miyezi yochepa kuti mayeso olowera m’sukulu apite patsogolo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anayamba kugwira ntchito ku Baltic Shipyard. Mnyamatayo anadziwa ntchito za riveter ndi welder magetsi, nyundo. Koma ndinayenera kusiya ku Leningrad Conservatory nditangoyamba kuphunzira.

Pavel adalowa mu Bolshoi Drama Theatre ngati chowonjezera. Mayunivesite a zisudzo adayamba, kukwera kwina kwaukadaulo kunali kukhala - kuchokera paowonjezera mpaka nduna yayikulu. Ntchitoyi inachititsa kuti aziwona ambuye tsiku ndi tsiku, kupuma mpweya wa zochitika, kulowa nawo miyambo ya sukulu ya ku Russia. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti woimbayo analandira dipuloma ya maphunziro apamwamba mu uchikulire, pokhala munthu wophunzira kwambiri ndi People's Artist wa USSR - maphunziro Yerevan Conservatory monga wophunzira kunja mu 1960.

M'bwalo la zisudzo, owonjezera wamng'ono anapatsidwa ntchito ya solo nambala - chikondi Shaporin "Night Zephyr". Zochita izi ku Bolshoi Drama Theatre zitha kuonedwa kuti ndi katswiri wamawu waluso. Mu 1932, Pavel akupitiriza maphunziro okhazikika kuimba ndi mphunzitsi MM Levitskaya. Potsirizira pake, khalidwe la mawu ake linatsimikiziridwa - baritone. Levitskaya anakonza Pavel kulowa koleji nyimbo, kumene anayamba kuphunzira ndi ZS Dolskaya. Lisitsian anakhala zaka zitatu zokha podziwa nzeru za kuimba ndi kukonza mawu ake - kuchokera 1932 mpaka 1935. Apa m'pamene AI Orfenov anayamikira luso lake la mawu okhwima ndithu. Lisitsian anali ndi aphunzitsi awiri oimba, osawerengera Battistini, koma pakati pa aphunzitsi omwe adamuthandiza kudziwa madera osiyanasiyana a machitidwe, amatchula ambiri, ndipo, choyamba, oimba piyano-oimba nyimbo A. Meerovich, M. Sakharov, wolemba nyimbo A. Dolukhanyan, okonda S. Samosud, A. Ter-Hovhannisyan, V. Nebolsin, A. Pazovsky, A. Melik-Pashaev, wotsogolera B. Pokrovsky…

Atangoyamba kuphunzira pa sukulu luso, Pavel anakhala soloist ndi First Youth Opera House. Poyambira mu Barber ya Rossini waku Seville mu kagawo kakang'ono, sanadziwike. Ndemanga yosindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya Leningrad Smena inali yosangalatsa. Koma, mwatsoka, posakhalitsa, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zinthu zakuthupi, zisudzo achinyamata anathetsedwa. Chaka china cha maphunziro ku koleji yoimba, pamodzi ndi khama - kuwotcherera akasinja yaikulu gasi pa fakitale - ndipo kachiwiri zisudzo, tsopano gulu achinyamata Leningrad Maly Opera Theatre.

Zaka 1935-1937 mwina ndizofunika kwambiri komanso zotsimikizika mu mbiri yojambula ya wojambula. Anachita gawo lachiwiri komanso lachitatu, koma inali sukulu yabwino! Samuil Abramovich Samosud, wotsogolera wamkulu wa zisudzo, katswiri wodziwika bwino wa opera, adasamalira mosamala wojambula wachinyamatayo, akusewera naye mbali zochepa kwambiri. Ntchito motsogozedwa ndi wochititsa Austria, m'zaka zimenezo mkulu wa symphony oimba a Leningrad Philharmonic, Fritz Stiedry, nayenso anapereka kwambiri. Msonkhano ndi woimba nyimbo Aram Ter-Hovhannisyan unakhala wosangalatsa kwambiri kwa Lisitsian.

Mu 1933, zisudzo anayamba mu makalabu ogwira ntchito, nyumba za chikhalidwe, masukulu ... Lisitsian a konsati ntchito imene inatenga zaka 45. Iye ndi soloist wa konsati ndi zisudzo bureau Lengosakteatrov. Mu 1936, Lisitsian anakonza ndi kuimba mu Capella konsati holo mu gulu limodzi ndi AB Meerovich gawo loyamba la moyo wake - zokonda Borodin, Balakirev, Rimsky-Korsakov, Glazunov. Ngakhale ali ndi ntchito yayikulu, woimbayo amapeza nthawi ndi mwayi wokulitsa luntha. Amaphunzira zosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi zomangamanga za mzindawo, amawerenga zambiri. "Sukulu" ya Leningrad Philharmonic inabweretsa phindu lalikulu la Lisitsian.

1937 anabweretsa kusintha kwatsopano mu luso lake tsogolo. Woimbayo amalandira kuitanidwa ku Yerevan Opera ndi Ballet Theatre yotchedwa Spendiarov pazigawo zoyamba. Zaka zitatu ndi theka za ntchito ku Armenia zinali zopindulitsa kwambiri - adagwira ntchito khumi ndi zisanu muzojambula zamakono ndi zamakono: Eugene Onegin, Valentin, Tomsky ndi Yelets, Robert, Tonio ndi Silvio, Maroles ndi Escamillo, komanso Mitka ndi Listnitsky mu The Don Chete , Tatula mu opera "Almast", Mine mu "Anush", Tovmas mu "Oriental Dentist", Grikora mu opera "Lusabatzin". Koma woimbayo adachita bwino kwambiri pazaka khumi za Art of Armenian ku Moscow mu October 1939. Anachita mbali ziwiri zamphamvu - Tatul ndi Grikor, komanso adachita nawo masewera onse ofunika kwambiri. Anthu odziwa bwino mumzindawu adalandira mwansangala woimbayo, atsogoleri a Bolshoi Theatre adamuwona ndipo sanamulole kuti achoke pamaso pawo. Lisitsian amapatsidwa udindo wa Wojambula Wolemekezeka wa Armenian SSR, amapatsidwa Order of the Red Banner of Labor, amasankhidwa kukhala wachiwiri wa Yerevan City Council, ndikukhala membala wa chipani cha Communist Party.

Posakhalitsa gawo latsopano lofunika kwambiri linayamba - woimbayo anaitanidwa ku Bolshoi Theatre, kumene kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi adayenera kukhala woimba yekha. Kuyamba kwa Pavel Lisitsian pa siteji ya nthambi ya Bolshoi Theatre kunachitika pa April 26, 1941. Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse isanayambe, adakwanitsa kuyimba gawo la Eugene Onegin ndi gawo la Yeletsky. Kunena zowona, kuwonekera koyamba kugulu kwa woimbayo kunali sewero la "The Queen of Spades", lomwe lidachitika mwezi umodzi m'mbuyomo "Eugene Onegin", koma atolankhani a likulu adaphonya sewerolo ndipo adangoyankha pakuchita kwa gawo la Onegin patatha mwezi umodzi, kuwonetsa. ngati kuwonekera koyamba kugulu.

Nkhondo yayamba. Kuyambira July mpaka October 1941, Pavel Lisitsian, pamodzi ndi brigade, anayenda pa malangizo a GlavPURKKA ndi Komiti kutumikira Western Front, Reserve Front of Army General Zhukov, asilikali apakavalo General Dovator ndi mayunitsi ena m'deralo. A Vyazma, Gzhatsk, Mozhaisk, Vereya, Borodino, Baturin ndi ena, omwe amachitidwa m'mayunitsi oyendetsa ndege, zipatala, malo othamangitsira njanji. Anayimba kutsogolo kutsogolo pansi pamoto, kutsanulira mvula 3-4 pa tsiku. Mu September 1941, pambuyo pa imodzi mwa masewero oimba kutsogolo, pamene wojambulayo ankaimba nyimbo zachi Armenia popanda kutsagana naye, msilikali wina anam’patsa maluwa akuthengo. Mpaka pano, Pavel Gerasimovich amakumbukira maluwa ngati mtengo kwambiri pa moyo wake.

Chifukwa cha ntchito yodzipereka kutsogolo, PG Lisitsian adalandira kuthokoza kwa Political Directorate ya Western Front, lamulo la asilikali m'munda, komanso zida zaumwini kuchokera kwa General Dovator. Kumayambiriro ndi kumbuyo, iye anaimba zoimbaimba oposa mazana asanu ndipo amanyadira mphoto asilikali - mendulo "For Courage", "Pakuti Kumasulidwa kwa Caucasus". Ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa 1941, iye anatengera ku chipatala cha Yerevan mu vuto lalikulu ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali anali pakati pa moyo ndi imfa.

Atachira matenda ake, Lisitsian kuimba pa siteji ya Yerevan Theatre kwa chaka ndi theka. Panthawi imeneyi, amawonjezeranso nyimbo zake ndi maudindo a Kiazo mu "Daisi" ya Paliashvili ndi Count Never mu Huguenots ya Meyerbeer, ndipo mu 1943 anabwerera ku Moscow, kumene pa December 3, kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo popuma nthawi yayitali, adasewera pa siteji. za opera ya likulu. Tsiku la Chigonjetso ndi losaiwalika kwa banja la Lisitsian osati mwa chisangalalo cha dziko lonse kumapeto kwa nkhondo yamagazi, komanso ndi chochitika china chosangalatsa: pa May 9, 1945, mapasa anabadwa - Ruzanna ndi Ruben.

Mu 1946, P. Lisitsian anachita gawo la Germont mu La Traviata ya Verdi, Kazbich mu Bela ya A. Alexandrov. Kutsatira izi, akuchita gawo la Commissioner Wodabwitsa mu opera ya Muradeli The Great Friendship. Chiwonetsero choyamba chinachitika mu November 1947. Atolankhani anagwirizana mogwirizana poyamikira ntchito ya Lisitsian. Kuwunika komweko kunalandiridwa ndi ntchito yake ina - chifaniziro cha Ryleyev mu opera ya Shaporin "The Decembrists" pa siteji ya Bolshoi Theatre mu 1953. Maudindo ena atatu mumasewero a oimba a Soviet adachitidwa ndi Lisitsian pa siteji iyi: Anti Belgian Anti -Fascist patriot Andre mu Nazib Zhiganov Jalil, Napoleon mu Prokofiev's War and Peace. Mu opera ya Dzerzhinsky "Tsogolo la Munthu" adayimba nyimbo yachisoni "In Memory of the Fallen".

Mu June 1959, Bolshoi Theatre adapanga opera ya Bizet Carmen ndi Mario del Monaco. Gawo la Carmen linachitidwa ndi IK Arkhipov. Adagawana nawo kupambana kwake kopambana ndi mnzake waku Italy, ndi PG Lisitsian, yemwe ndi Escamillo, atha kutsimikiziranso kuti chikondi ndi ulemu wa anthu pa iye sizisintha mosasamala kanthu za yemwe akuyimba pafupi naye - chilichonse chotuluka ndi kuchoka. m'mawonekedwe anali kutsatizana ndi kulira koyimirira.

Pavel Gerasimovich anapambana zigonjetso zambiri kulenga pa moyo wake wautali ndi zochitika opareshoni, kuwomba m'manja mwaulemu anamveka pansi pa m'chipinda chogona "La Scala, Metropolitan, Bolshoi Theatre, nyumba zina zonse makumi atatu ndi ziwiri opera m'dziko lathu ndi ambiri akunja. Wayendera mayiko oposa makumi atatu. Mu Bolshoi Theatre yekha, iye anakhala nyengo 26, 1800 zisudzo! Pakati pazigawo zambiri za baritone zoimbidwa ndi Lisitsian, zonse zanyimbo komanso zochititsa chidwi zimayimiriridwa mofananamo. Zolemba zake zimakhalabe zosayerekezeka komanso zovomerezeka mpaka lero. Zojambula zake, atagonjetsa malo ndi nthawi, lero ndi zamakono, zofunikira komanso zothandiza.

PG Lisitsian, mopanda dyera m'chikondi ndi opera, bwino bwino ntchito ya m'chipinda, zisudzo ndi zoimbaimba payekha.

P. Lisitsian adaperekanso ulemu kwa kupanga nyimbo: adayimbanso m'magulu a chipinda ndi anzake a ku Bolshoi Theatre (makamaka, paulendo ku Vienna - ntchito za Varlamov ndi Glinka ndi Valeria Vladimirovna Barsova), adayimbanso mu quartets. Quartet ya banja la Lisitsian ndi chinthu chapadera pakuchita bwino kwa akatswiri aku Russia. Iwo adayamba ngati gulu limodzi mu 1971, akuchita magawo onse - soprano, alto, tenor ndi bass - mu Requiem ya Mozart. Bambo - Pavel Gerasimovich, ana aakazi awiri - Karina ndi Ruzanna, ndi mwana wamwamuna Ruben amagwirizana mu nyimbo ndi umodzi wa mfundo zaluso, kukoma kwabwino, kukonda cholowa chachikulu chakale. Chinsinsi cha kupambana kwakukulu kwa gululi chagona pa malo okongoletsera a mamembala ake, njira yogwirizana ya zovuta zamakono ndi zomveka, komanso luso loyeretsedwa la membala aliyense wa gululo.

Atagwira ntchito kwa nyengo 26 ku Bolshoi Theatre, akukhala moyo wake wonse ku Moscow, Lisitsian komabe saiwala kuti ndi Chiameniya. Panalibe nyengo imodzi mu moyo wake wonse kulenga, pamene iye sanali kuimba mu Armenia, osati mu opera, komanso pa siteji konsati, osati m'mizinda ikuluikulu, komanso pamaso pa ogwira ntchito m'midzi yakutali mapiri.

Kuzungulira dziko, Pavel Gerasimovich ankakonda kubweretsa ku mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi kupereka eni nyimbo zawo wowerengeka, kuchita nawo chinenero choyambirira. Koma chilakolako chake chachikulu ndi nyimbo Armenian ndi Russian.

Kuyambira 1967 mpaka 1973, Lisitsian ankagwirizana ndi Yerevan Conservatory: poyamba monga mphunzitsi, ndiye pulofesa ndi mutu wa dipatimenti. Paulendo wake ku USA (1960) ndi Italy (1965), komabe, komanso maulendo ena ambiri kunja, iye, kuwonjezera pa kutenga nawo mbali m'makonsati anakonzeratu ndi zisudzo, anapeza mphamvu ndi nthawi kuchita m'madera Armenian. , ndipo ngakhale ku Italy ndinatha kumvetsera kwa ana ambiri a ku Armenia kuti ndisankhe oyenerera maphunziro oimba.

PG Lisitsian adachita nawo mpikisano wamayiko mobwerezabwereza monga membala wa jury, kuphatikiza mpikisano ku Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), mpikisano wa Schumann ndi Bach ku East Germany. Kwa zaka 20 adatenga nawo gawo pa Weimar Music Semina. Ndiwopambana Mphotho ya Schumann (mzinda wa Zwickau, 1977).

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, Pavel Lisitsian potsiriza anatsanzikana ndi siteji ya opera ndi konsati siteji ndipo anaimba yekha m'kalasi rehearsal, koma iye anali zodabwitsa, kusonyeza ophunzira ake kuchita izi kapena mawu, izi kapena zolimbitsa thupi.

Pamtima pa ntchito zonse za Pavel Gerasimovich Lisitsian ndi malo okhazikika a moyo wa munthu wogwira ntchito mwakhama yemwe ali m'chikondi ndi ntchito yake yosankhidwa. Mu maonekedwe ake palibe ndipo sangakhale chizindikiro cha "wolemekezeka", amangoganizira chinthu chimodzi - kukhala chofunikira komanso chothandiza kwa anthu, ku bizinesi yake. Imakhala ndi nkhawa yopatulika ya nyimbo, zilandiridwenso, zabwino, kukongola.