Makiyi a piyano ndi makonzedwe a zolemba pa iwo

Pazonse, pali makiyi 88 ​​pa kiyibodi ya piyano, pakati pawo 52 ndi oyera, otsala 36 ndi akuda. Makiyi oyera amakonzedwa motsatana popanda zinthu zapadera, ndipo makiyi akuda amakonzedwa m'magulu awiri kapena atatu. Onani chithunzichi:

Pa makiyi oyera, zolemba zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwezo zimabwerezedwa nthawi zonse: DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI. Kubwereza kulikonse kotereku kuchokera pa cholemba C kupita ku C chotsatira kumatchedwa OCTAVE. Cholemba chilichonse cha DO chili kutsogolo kwa gulu la makiyi awiri akuda, ndiko kuti, kumanzere kwa iwo, ngati "pansi pa phiri". Pafupi ndi kiyi ya DO pa piyano pali kiyi ya PE, ndi zina zotero, makiyi onse a piyano amakonzedwa mwadongosolo. Tiyeni tiwone chithunzichi:

Ndiye izi ndi zomwe tapeza:

• Cholemba DO nthawi zonse chimakhala kumanzere kwa makiyi awiri akuda.
• Cholemba PE chili pa piyano pakati pa makiyi awiri akuda.
• Cholemba cha MI chili kumanja kwa gulu la makiyi awiri akuda.
• Cholemba F chili kumanzere kwa gulu la makiyi atatu akuda.
• Zolemba G ndi A zili mkati mwa gulu la makiyi atatu akuda.
• Cholemba cha SI chili moyandikana ndi cholembera cha DO ndipo chili kumanja kwa gulu la makiyi atatu akuda.

Kodi ma octaves pa piyano ndi chiyani?

Tanena kale kuti kubwereza kulikonse kwa seti ya mawu onse asanu ndi awiri kumatchedwa octave. Dongosolo la octave lingayerekezedwe ndi nyumba yokhala ndi nsanjika zambiri. Masitepe omwewo a makwerero oimba (DO RE MI FA SOL LA SI) amabwerezedwa nthawi iliyonse pamtunda watsopano, ngati kuti pansi pa makwerero akukwera pang'onopang'ono.

Octaves ali ndi mayina awo, ndi ophweka kwambiri. Phokoso lapakati ndi lalitali lili mu octave, omwe amatchedwa: FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, FOURTH and FIFTH. Octave yoyamba nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa chida, pakati pa mndandanda. Octave yachiwiri, yachitatu, yachinayi ndi apamwamba, ndiko kuti, kumanja poyerekezera ndi octave yoyamba. Octave yachisanu imaonedwa kuti ndi yosakwanira, chifukwa pali phokoso limodzi lokha - cholemba chimodzi chokha CHONDE popanda kupitiriza.

Amanena za zolemba zomwe zili mumitundu yosiyanasiyana: mpaka octave woyamba, mpaka wachiwiri octave, mpaka wachitatu octave, etc., mchere wa octave woyamba, mchere wa octave wachitatu, mchere wa octave wachinayi, ndi zina zotero. .

Zomveka zotsika, za bass zimakhala kumanzere kwa kiyibodi ya piyano. Amapangidwa mu octaves, omwe amatchedwa: SMALL, BIG, CONTROCTAVES, SUBCONTROCTAVES. Octave yaying'ono ili pafupi kwambiri ndi yoyamba, nthawi yomweyo kumanzere kwake. Pansi, ndiye, kumanzere, pa piyano - makiyi a octave yaikulu, ndiye - counteroctaves. Subcontroctave ndi yosakwanira, ili ndi makiyi awiri oyera - la ndi si.

Kodi makiyi akuda ndi a chiyani?

Tinalingalira pang'ono ndi makiyi oyera a piyano - ali ndi zolemba zazikulu DO RE MI FA SOL LA ndi SI mu ma octave osiyanasiyana. Ndipo, ndiye, makiyi akuda pa piyano ndi a chiyani? Kodi ndi chitsogozo chabe? Zikukhalira ayi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu nyimbo pali zolemba zoyambira (masitepe), pali zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo pambali pawo pali masitepe otuluka, omwe amapezeka pokweza kapena kutsitsa zoyambira. Kuwonjezeka kwa sitepe kumasonyezedwa ndi mawu akuti SHARP, ndipo kuchepa kumasonyezedwa ndi mawu akuti FLAT.

Muzolemba zanyimbo, zizindikiro zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zakuthwa ndi ma flats. Kuthwa mu autilaini ndi latice yaying'ono (monga latisi ngati pa kiyibodi ya foni yanu), yomwe imayikidwa patsogolo pa cholemba. Chophwanyika (kuchokera ku French - chofewa "kukhala") chikufanana ndi chizindikiro chofewa cha ku Russia, chokhacho cholozera pansi kapena chilembo cha Chilatini b, chizindikiro ichi, ngati chakuthwa, chimayikidwa patsogolo pa cholembacho (pasadakhale).

ZOFUNIKA! Kuthwanima ndi kosalala kumakweza kapena kutsitsa, ndiye kuti, amasintha cholemba ndi SEMITOONE. Semitone - ndi zambiri kapena pang'ono? Semitone pa kiyibodi ya piyano ndiye mtunda wocheperako pakati pa makiyi awiri. Ndiye kuti, ngati mumasewera makiyi onse a piyano motsatira, osadumpha zoyera ndi zakuda, ndiye kuti padzakhala mtunda wa semitone pakati pa makiyi awiri oyandikana nawo.

Ndipo ngati tikufuna kusewera mtundu wina wakuthwa, ndiye kuti timangotenga kiyi ya semitone yokwera, ndiye kuti, osati yoyera DO, RE kapena MI, koma yakuda ikutsatira (kapena yoyera, ngati pali palibe wakuda pafupi). Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo:

Zidachitika kuti zolemba ziwiri - mi-lakuthwa ndi c-lakuthwa zimagwirizana ndi makiyi ena. MI Sharp ndi yofanana ndi kiyi ya FA, ndipo C SHARP ndi yofanana ndi kiyi C. Paziwombankhanga izi, panalibe makiyi akuda osiyana, kotero makiyi oyera oyandikana nawo "adawapulumutsa". Palibe chodabwitsa, mu nyimbo izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Katundu wosangalatsayu, akamamveka chimodzimodzi, koma amatchedwa mosiyana, ali ndi dzina lakuti ENHARMONISM (ENHARMONIC EQUALITY).

Ngati tifunika kuyika piyano yosalala, ndiye kuti, m'malo mwake, tiyenera kuyimba makiyi a semitone m'munsi, ndiye kumanzere, fungulo lomwe limabwera patsogolo pa wamkulu. Ndipo apanso, padzakhala zochitika za enharmonic equality: F-FLAT ikugwirizana ndi MI key, ndi C-FLAT ndi SI key. Tiyeni tiwone ma flats ena onse:

Chifukwa chake, makiyi akuda pa kiyibodi ya piyano amachita ntchito yosangalatsa kwambiri yapawiri: kwa zolemba zina ndi zolimba, ndipo kwa ena ndi ma flats. Ngati mwaphunzira bwino phunziro la lero, ndiye kuti mutha kutchula machesi ofunikirawa mosavuta. Ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi mwana, onetsetsani kuti mukumufunsa za izo kuti lingaliro ili m'mutu mwake liyike bwino. Mwa njira, ngati mutaphunzira kulemba nyimbo ndi mwana wanu, ndiye kuti tili ndi chitsogozo chabwino chokuthandizani - Momwe mungaphunzirire nyimbo ndi mwana? Takulandirani kutsambali!

Okondedwa abwenzi! Kodi nkhaniyi yakuthandizani m’njira ina iliyonse? Ndi mafunso ati omwe mwasiya osayankhidwa? Ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe mungafune kudziwa kuchokera kwa ife za dziko la nyimbo? Lembani maganizo anu ndi zofuna zanu mu ndemanga. Palibe mauthenga anu omwe sangadziwike.