Pythagorean dongosolo |
Pythagorean system - opangidwa molingana ndi njira ya masamu a Pythagoreans. kufotokoza kwafupipafupi (kutalika) pakati pa masitepe a nyimbo. machitidwe. Asayansi ena achi Greek atsimikizira motsimikiza kuti 2/3 ya chingwe chotambasulidwa pa monochord, yogwedezeka, imapereka phokoso ndendende gawo limodzi mwachisanu pamwamba pa mazikowo. kamvekedwe kake, “kuchokera ku kugwedezeka kwa chingwe chonsecho, 3/4 ya chingwecho imapereka quart, ndi theka la chingwecho - octave. Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, Ch. ayi. chachisanu ndi ma octave, mutha kuwerengera mawu a diato-nich. kapena chromatic. gamma (mu tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta chingwe, kapena mu mawonekedwe a interval coefficients kusonyeza chiŵerengero cha oscillation mafupipafupi a phokoso chapamwamba ndi mafupipafupi a m'munsi, kapena mu mawonekedwe a tebulo kugwedera pafupipafupi mawu). Mwachitsanzo, sikelo C-dur idzalandira mu P. s. mawu otsatirawa:
Malinga ndi nthano, P.s. poyamba anapeza zothandiza. ntchito pokonza zeze wa Orpheus. Ku Greece, Dr. Ku Greece, ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kugwirizana kwa mawu pakati pa phokoso pokonza cithara. Lachitatu. m'zaka za zana lino, dongosololi linkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza ziwalo. P.s. inagwira ntchito monga maziko opangira zida zokuzira mawu ndi akatswiri amalingaliro a Kummawa. Middle Ages (mwachitsanzo, Jami mu Treatise on Music, theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 2). Ndi chitukuko cha polyphony, zinthu zina zofunika za P. s zinawululidwa: kamvekedwe ka mawu kachitidwe kameneka kamasonyeza bwino kugwirizana pakati pa phokoso mu melodic. kutsata, makamaka, kutsindika, kumawonjezera mphamvu yokoka ya semitone; nthawi yomweyo, mu ma harmonics angapo. ma consonances, mawu awa amawonedwa ngati amphamvu kwambiri, zabodza. Mu dongosolo loyera, kapena lachirengedwe, ma harmonics atsopanowa, odziwika bwino, adadziwika. makonda a katchulidwe ka malo osungiramo katundu: amachepetsedwa (poyerekeza ndi P. s.) b. 15 ndi b. 3 ndi kuwonjezera m. 6 ndi m. 3 (6/5, 4/5, 3/6, 5/8, motero, m’malo mwa 5/81, 64/27, 16/32 ndi 27/128 mu P. s). Kupititsa patsogolo kwa polyphony, kutuluka kwa maubwenzi atsopano, ovuta kwambiri, komanso kufalikira kwa mawu a enharmonic ofanana kumalepheretsanso kufunika kwa phonatory s; zinapezeka kuti P.s. - njira yotseguka, mwachitsanzo, kuti gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri lachisanu siligwirizana mu msinkhu ndi phokoso loyambirira (mwachitsanzo, limakhala lokwera kuposa c loyambirira ndi nthawi yotchedwa Pythagorean comma ndi yofanana ndi 81/12 mtundu uliwonse); chifukwa chake, P.s. sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ma enharmonics. kusinthidwa. Mkhalidwe umenewu unachititsa kuti pakhale dongosolo lofanana la khalidwe. Pa nthawi yomweyi, monga momwe kafukufuku wamayimbidwe amasonyezera, poyimba zida zokhala ndi phokoso losakhazikika (mwachitsanzo, violin) otd. mawu P.s. pezani ntchito mkati mwa dongosolo la zone. Diff. cosmological, geometric malingaliro omwe adabwera popanga P. s ataya tanthauzo lake.
Zothandizira: Garbuzov NA, Zonal chikhalidwe cha kumva phula, M.-L., 1948; Musical Acoustics, ed. Yosinthidwa ndi NA Garbuzova. Moscow, 1954. Zojambula zakale za nyimbo. Mawu Oyamba. nkhani ndi kusonkhanitsa zolemba ndi AF Losev, Moscow, 1961; Barbour JM, Kulimbikira kwa Pythagorean tuning system, “Scripta mathematica” 1933, v. 1, no 4; Bindel E., Die Zahlengrundlagen der Musik im Wandel der Zeiten, Bd 1, Stuttg., (1950).
Zithunzi za YH
