Ramon Vargas |

Ramon Vargas

Ramon Vargas anabadwira ku Mexico City ndipo anali wachisanu ndi chiwiri m’banja la ana asanu ndi anayi. Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, analoŵa m’gulu la kwaya ya ana ya anyamata a Church of the Madonna of Guadalupe. Wotsogolera nyimbo zake anali wansembe yemwe anaphunzira pa Academy of Santa Cecilia. Ali ndi zaka khumi, Vargas adayamba kukhala woyimba payekha ku Theatre of Arts. Ramon anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku Cardinal Miranda Institute of Music, kumene Antonio Lopez ndi Ricardo Sanchez anali atsogoleri ake. Mu 1982, Ramón adapanga kuwonekera kwake kwa Hayden ku Lo Special, Monterrey, ndipo adapambana mpikisano wa Carlo Morelli National Vocal. Mu 1986, wojambulayo adapambana mpikisano wa Enrico Caruso Tenor ku Milan. M'chaka chomwecho, Vargas anasamukira ku Austria ndipo anamaliza maphunziro ake pa sukulu mawu a Vienna State Opera motsogoleredwa ndi Leo Müller. Mu 1990, wojambulayo anasankha njira ya "wojambula waulere" ndipo anakumana ndi Rodolfo Celletti wotchuka ku Milan, yemwe akadali mphunzitsi wake wa mawu mpaka lero. Pansi pa utsogoleri wake, amachita maudindo akuluakulu ku Zurich ("Fra Diavolo"), Marseille ("Lucia di Lammermoor"), Vienna ("Chitoliro chamatsenga").

Mu 1992, Vargas adapanga chizungulire chapadziko lonse lapansi: New York Metropolitan Opera adayitana tenor kuti alowe m'malo mwa Luciano Pavarotti ku Lucia de Lammermoor, pamodzi ndi June Anderson. Mu 1993 adayamba ku La Scala ngati Fenton mukupanga kwatsopano kwa Falstaff motsogozedwa ndi Giorgio Strehler ndi Riccardo Muti. Mu 1994, Vargas adalandira ufulu wolemekezeka wotsegulira nyengo pa Met ndi phwando la Duke ku Rigoletto. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wakhala wokongoletsera magawo onse akuluakulu - Metropolitan, La Scala, Covent Garden, Bastille Opera, Colon, Arena di Verona, Real Madrid ndi ena ambiri.

M'kati mwa ntchito yake, Vargas adachita maudindo oposa 50, omwe ofunika kwambiri ndi awa: Riccardo ku Un ballo ku maschera, Manrico ku Il trovatore, udindo wa Don Carlos, Duke ku Rigoletto, Alfred ku La traviata ndi J. Verdi, Edgardo mu "Lucia di Lammermoor" ndi Nemorino mu "Love Potion" lolemba G. Donizetti, Rudolph mu "La Boheme" lolemba G. Puccini, Romeo mu "Romeo ndi Juliet" lolemba C. Gounod, Lensky mu "Eugene" Onegin" ndi P. Tchaikovsky . Zina mwa ntchito zodziwika bwino za woimbayo ndi ntchito ya Rudolf mu opera ya G. Verdi "Luise Miller", yomwe adachita koyamba mufilimu yatsopano ku Munich, mutu wa "Idomeneo" ndi W. Mozart pa Chikondwerero cha Salzburg ndi mu Paris; Chevalier de Grieux mu "Manon" ndi J. Massenet, Gabriele Adorno mu opera "Simon Boccanegra" ndi G. Verdi, Don Ottavio mu "Don Giovanni" ku Metropolitan Opera, Hoffmann mu "Nthano za Hoffmann" ndi J. Offenbach ku La Scala.

Ramon Vargas amapereka zoimbaimba padziko lonse lapansi. Nyimbo zake za konsati ndizodabwitsa kwambiri - iyi ndi nyimbo yachi Italiya yachikale, komanso yachikondi yaku Germany Lieder, komanso nyimbo za French, Spanish ndi Mexico opeka za 19th ndi 20th century.

Tenor waku Mexico Ramón Vargas ndi m'modzi mwa oimba achichepere anthawi yathu ino, akuchita bwino pamagawo abwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zaka zoposa khumi zapitazo, adachita nawo mpikisano wa Enrico Caruso ku Milan, womwe unakhala njira yopangira tsogolo labwino. Panthaŵiyo m’pamene katswiri woimba nyimbo wotchuka Giuseppe Di Stefano ananena za wachichepere wa ku Mexico kuti: “Potsirizira pake tinapeza wina woimba bwino. Vargas ali ndi mawu ochepa, koma mawonekedwe owala komanso njira yabwino kwambiri.

Vargas amakhulupirira kuti mwayi unamupeza ku likulu la Lombard. Amayimba kwambiri ku Italy, komwe kwakhala nyumba yake yachiwiri. Chaka chathachi adamuwona ali wotanganidwa ndi zochitika zazikulu za Verdi: ku La Scala Vargas adayimba mu Requiem ndi Rigoletto ndi Riccardo Muti, ku United States adachita udindo wa Don Carlos mu opera ya dzina lomwelo, osatchula nyimbo za Verdi. , yomwe adayimba ku New York. York, Verona ndi Tokyo. Ramon Vargas akulankhula ndi Luigi Di Fronzo.

Kodi mumaziona bwanji nyimbo?

Ndinali ndi zaka zofanana ndi zomwe mwana wanga Fernando ali nazo tsopano - zisanu ndi theka. Ndinaimba m’kwaya ya ana ya Tchalitchi cha Madonna wa ku Guadalupe ku Mexico City. Wotsogolera nyimbo zathu anali wansembe amene anaphunzira pa Accademia Santa Cecilia. Umu ndi momwe maziko anga oimba adapangidwira: osati mwa njira yokha, komanso chidziwitso cha masitayelo. Tinkaimba makamaka nyimbo za Gregorian, komanso ntchito zama polyphonic zazaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi XNUMX, kuphatikiza zaluso za Mozart ndi Vivaldi. Nyimbo zina zidachitika koyamba, monga Misa ya Papa Marcellus Palestrina. Zinali zodabwitsa komanso zopindulitsa kwambiri pamoyo wanga. Kenako ndinayamba kuimba pandekha pa Art Theatre ndili ndi zaka khumi.

Mosakayikira uku ndikoyenera kwa mphunzitsi wina…

Inde, ndinali ndi mphunzitsi wapadera woimba, Antonio Lopez. Anali wosamala kwambiri za chikhalidwe cha mawu a ophunzira ake. Zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zikuchitika ku United States, kumene chiwerengero cha oimba omwe amatha kuyambitsa ntchito ndi chodabwitsa poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha omwe ali ndi mawu ndi maphunziro oimba. Zili choncho chifukwa mphunzitsiyo ayenera kulimbikitsa wophunzirayo kuti atsatire khalidwe lake lenileni, pamene nthaŵi zambiri amagwiritsira ntchito njira zachiwawa. Aphunzitsi oyipa kwambiri amakukakamizani kutsanzira nyimbo ina. Ndipo izo zikutanthauza mapeto.

Ena, monga Di Stefano, amatsutsa kuti aphunzitsi alibe kanthu poyerekeza ndi chibadwa. Kodi mukuvomereza izi?

Kuvomereza kwenikweni. Chifukwa pamene palibe kupsa mtima kapena mawu okongola, ngakhale dalitso la papa silingakupangitseni kuyimba. Komabe, pali zosiyana. Mbiri ya zojambulajambula imadziwa mawu abwino "opangidwa", monga Alfredo Kraus, mwachitsanzo (ngakhale ziyenera kunenedwa kuti ndine wokonda Kraus). Ndipo, kumbali ina, pali ojambula omwe ali ndi luso lodziwika bwino lachilengedwe, monga José Carreras, yemwe ali wosiyana kwambiri ndi Kraus.

Kodi ndizowona kuti m'zaka zoyambirira za kupambana kwanu mumabwera pafupipafupi ku Milan kudzaphunzira ndi Rodolfo Celletti?

Zoona zake n’zakuti, zaka zingapo zapitazo ndinaphunzirapo kanthu kwa iye ndipo lerolino nthaŵi zina timakumana. Celletti ndi umunthu komanso mphunzitsi wa chikhalidwe chachikulu. Smart ndi kukoma kwakukulu.

Kodi oimba akulu adaphunzitsa chiyani akatswiri a m'badwo wanu?

Malingaliro awo a sewero ndi chibadwa ayenera kutsitsimutsidwa mulimonse. Nthawi zambiri ndimaganizira za kalembedwe kanyimbo komwe kamasiyanitsa anthu odziwika bwino monga Caruso ndi Di Stefano, komanso malingaliro a zisudzo omwe tsopano akutayika. Ndikukupemphani kuti mundimvetse bwino: chiyero ndi kulondola kwa filosofi poyerekezera ndi choyambirira ndizofunika kwambiri, koma munthu sayenera kuiwala za kuphweka kosavuta, komwe, pamapeto pake, kumapereka malingaliro omveka bwino. Tiyeneranso kupeŵa kukokomeza kosayenera.

Nthawi zambiri mumatchula Aureliano Pertile. Chifukwa chiyani?

Chifukwa, ngakhale liwu la Pertile silinali lokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi, limadziwika ndi kumveka bwino kwa mawu komanso kumveketsa bwino, kwamtundu wina. Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, Pertile anaphunzitsa phunziro losaiŵalika mu kalembedwe kamene sikumveka bwino lero. Kusasinthasintha kwake monga womasulira, kuyimba kopanda kukuwa ndi kulira, kuyenera kuunikanso. Pertile ankatsatira mwambo umene unachokera kalekale. Anamva kuti ali pafupi kwambiri ndi Gigli kusiyana ndi Caruso. Ndinenso wokonda kwambiri Gigli.

Chifukwa chiyani pali okonda "oyenera" kwa zisudzo ndi ena omwe sakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mtunduwo?

Sindikudziwa, koma kwa woyimba kusiyana kumeneku kumagwira ntchito yaikulu. Zindikirani kuti khalidwe linalake limawonekeranso pakati pa omvera ena: pamene wotsogolera akupita patsogolo, osamvetsera kwa woimba pa siteji. Kapenanso pamene ndodo ina ya wotsogolera nyimboyo “ikuphimba” mawu ali pa siteji, kufuna kumveka kwa oimba amphamvu kwambiri ndi owala kwambiri. Komabe, pali ma conductor omwe ndi bwino kugwira nawo ntchito. Mayina? Muti, Levine and Viotti. Oimba omwe amasangalala ngati woimbayo akuimba bwino. Kusangalala ndi noti yabwino kwambiri ngati akusewera ndi woyimbayo.

Kodi zikondwerero za Verdi zomwe zidachitika kulikonse mu 2001 zidakhala zotani kudziko la opera?

Iyi ndi nthawi yofunikira pakukula kwamagulu, chifukwa Verdi ndiye msana wa nyumba ya opera. Ngakhale ndimakonda Puccini, Verdi, malinga ndi momwe ndimaonera, ndiye wolemba yemwe ali ndi mzimu wa melodrama kuposa wina aliyense. Osati kokha chifukwa cha nyimbo, koma chifukwa cha masewero obisika a maganizo pakati pa otchulidwa.

Kodi maganizo a dziko amasintha bwanji pamene woimba apambana?

Pali chiopsezo chokhala wokonda chuma. Kukhala ndi magalimoto ochulukirachulukira, zovala zokongola kwambiri, malo okhala padziko lonse lapansi. Ngoziyi iyenera kupewedwa chifukwa ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musalole kuti ndalama zizikukhudzani. Ndikuyesera kuchita ntchito zachifundo. Ngakhale kuti sindine wokhulupirira, ndikuganiza kuti ndiyenera kubwereranso kwa anthu zomwe chilengedwe chandipatsa ndi nyimbo. Mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, ngoziyo ilipo. M'pofunika, monga momwe mwambiwo umanenera, kuti tisasokoneze kupambana ndi kuyenera.

Kodi kuchita bwino mosayembekezeka kungasokoneze ntchito ya woimba?

M’lingaliro lina, inde, ngakhale kuti limenelo siliri vuto lenileni. Masiku ano, malire a zisudzo akukulirakulira. Osati kokha chifukwa, mwamwayi, kulibe nkhondo kapena miliri yomwe imakakamiza malo owonetsera masewera kuti atseke ndikupanga mizinda ndi mayiko kukhala osafikirika, koma chifukwa opera yakhala zochitika padziko lonse lapansi. Vuto ndi lakuti oimba onse akufuna kuyenda padziko lonse popanda kukana zoitanira anthu ku makontinenti anayi. Taganizirani kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zimene chithunzichi chinali zaka XNUMX zapitazo ndi mmene chilili masiku ano. Koma moyo umenewu ndi wovuta komanso wovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, panali nthawi zina pomwe ma opera adadulidwa: ma arias awiri kapena atatu, duet yotchuka, gulu, ndizokwanira. Tsopano iwo amachita zonse zolembedwa, kapena kupitilira apo.

Kodi mumakondanso nyimbo zopepuka ...

Ichi ndi chilakolako changa chakale. Michael Jackson, a Beatles, ojambula a jazz, koma makamaka nyimbo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi anthu, otsika kwambiri a anthu. Kupyolera mu izo, anthu omwe akuvutika amadziwonetsera okha.

Mafunso ndi Ramon Vargas lofalitsidwa mu magazini ya Amadeus mu 2002. Kufalitsidwa ndi kumasulira kuchokera ku Chitaliyana ndi Irina Sorokina.