Alexander Vasilyevich Gauk |

Alexander Gauk

People's Artist wa RSFSR (1954). Mu 1917 anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Petrograd Conservatory, kumene anaphunzira piyano ndi EP Daugovet, nyimbo za VP Kalafati, J. Vitol, ndi kuchititsa NN Cherepnin. Kenako anakhala wochititsa Petrograd Theatre of Musical Drama. Mu 1920-31 anali kondakitala pa Leningrad Opera ndi Ballet Theatre, kumene makamaka ankachititsa ballets (Glazunov a Four Seasons, Stravinsky a Pulcinella, Gliere a The Red Poppy, etc.). Adachita ngati kondakitala wa symphony. Mu 1930-33 anali wochititsa wamkulu wa Leningrad Philharmonic, mu 1936-41 - wa State Symphony Orchestra ya USSR, mu 1933-36 wochititsa, mu 1953-62 mkulu wochititsa ndi luso mkulu wa Bolshoi Symphony Orchestra ya Onse. -Wailesi ya Union.

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zidatenga malo apadera m'mabuku osiyanasiyana a Gauk. Motsogozedwa ndi ntchito zingapo za DD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturian, Yu. A. Shaporin ndi olemba ena a Soviet anayamba kuchitidwa. ntchito pedagogical Gauk anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha luso Soviet wochititsa. Mu 1927-33 ndi 1946-48 anaphunzitsa ku Leningrad Conservatory, mu 1941-43 ku Tbilisi Conservatory, mu 1939-63 ku Moscow Conservatory, ndipo kuyambira 1948 wakhala pulofesa. Ophunzira a Gauk akuphatikizapo EA Mravinsky, A. Sh. Melik-Pashaev, KA Simeonov, EP Grikurov, EF Svetlanov, NS Rabinovich, ES Mikeladze, ndi ena.

Wolemba nyimbo za symphony, symphonietta ya okhestra ya zingwe, overture, ma concerto ndi orchestra (ya zeze, piyano), zachikondi ndi ntchito zina. Anayimba nyimbo ya opera "The Marriage" yolembedwa ndi Mussorgsky (1917), Nyengo ndi maulendo a 2 achikondi a Tchaikovsky (1942), ndi zina zotero. Mitu yochokera ku Memoirs ya Gauk idasindikizidwa mu "The Mastery of the Performing Artist", M., 1.

"Maloto otsogolera akhala m'manja mwanga kuyambira ndili ndi zaka zitatu," Gauck analemba m'mabuku ake. Ndipo kuyambira ali wamng'ono, iye ankayesetsa mosalekeza kukwaniritsa loto ili. Ku St. Petersburg Conservatory, Gauk anaphunzira kuimba piyano ndi F. Blumenfeld, kenako anaphunzira nyimbo ndi V. Kalafati, I. Vitol ndi A. Glazunov, anaphunzira luso loimba motsogoleredwa ndi N. Cherepnin.

Atamaliza maphunziro awo ku Conservatory m'chaka cha Great October Revolution, Gauk adayamba ntchito yake ngati wothandizira ku Musical Drama Theatre. Ndipo patangopita masiku ochepa chigonjetso cha mphamvu ya Soviet, adayamba kuyima pabwalo kuti apange kuwonekera koyamba kugulu la zisudzo. Pa November 1 (malinga ndi kalembedwe kakale) Tchaikovsky "Cherevichki" adachitidwa.

Gauk anakhala mmodzi mwa oimba oyambirira omwe anaganiza zopereka luso lake kuti athandize anthu. M'zaka zankhanza za nkhondo yapachiweniweni, iye anachita pamaso pa asilikali a Red Army monga mbali ya luso brigade, ndipo cha m'ma makumi awiri pamodzi ndi Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra anapita ku Svirstroy, Pavlovsk ndi Sestroretsk. Motero, chuma cha chikhalidwe cha dziko chinatsegulidwa pamaso pa omvera atsopano.

Udindo wofunikira pakukula kwa kulenga kwa wojambulayo adasewera zaka zomwe adatsogolera Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra (1931-1533). Gauk adatcha gululi "mphunzitsi wake." Koma apa kulimbikitsana kunachitika - Gauk ali ndi ubwino wofunikira pakuwongolera okhestra, yomwe pambuyo pake idapambana kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, ntchito ya zisudzo ya woimba inayamba. Monga wotsogolera ballet wamkulu wa Opera ndi Ballet Theatre (yemwe kale anali Mariinsky), mwa ntchito zina, adapereka omvera zitsanzo za nyimbo zachinyamata za Soviet - "Red Whirlwind" ya V. Deshevov (1924), "The Golden Age" (1930). ndi "Bolt" (1931) D. Shostakovich.

Mu 1933, Gauk anasamukira ku Moscow ndipo mpaka 1936 anagwira ntchito monga kondakitala wamkulu wa All-Union Radio. Ubale wake ndi olemba nyimbo a Soviet akulimbitsidwanso. Iye analemba kuti: "M'zaka zimenezo, nthawi yosangalatsa kwambiri, yosangalatsa komanso yopindulitsa kwambiri m'mbiri ya nyimbo za Soviet inayamba ... Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky adagwira ntchito yapadera pa moyo wanyimbo ... za ma symphony omwe analemba. ”

Ndipo m'tsogolo, kutsogolera State Symphony Orchestra wa USSR (1936-1941), Gauk, pamodzi ndi nyimbo zachikale, nthawi zambiri zikuphatikizapo nyimbo ndi olemba Soviet mu mapulogalamu ake. Amapatsidwa ntchito yoyamba ya ntchito zake ndi S. Prokofiev, N. Myaskovsky, A. Khachaturyata, Yu. Shaporin, V. Muradeli ndi ena. M'nyimbo zakale, Gauk nthawi zambiri adatembenukira ku ntchito zomwe, pazifukwa zina, zidanyalanyazidwa ndi okonda. Adachita bwino zolengedwa zazikuluzikulu zakale: oratorio "Samson" yolembedwa ndi Handel, Misa ya Bach mu B yaying'ono, "Requiem", The Funeral and Triumphal Symphony, "Harold in Italy", "Romeo and Julia" lolemba Berlioz ...

Kuyambira 1953, Gauk wakhala wotsogolera zaluso komanso wotsogolera wamkulu wa Grand Symphony Orchestra ya All-Union Radio ndi Televizioni. Pogwira ntchito ndi gululi, adapeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, monga umboni wa zojambula zambiri zomwe adazipanga pansi pa utsogoleri wake. Pofotokoza za kulenga kwa mnzake, A. Melik-Pashayev analemba kuti: "Kachitidwe kake kamene kamakhala ndi kudziletsa kwakunja ndi kutentha mkati kosalekeza, kulimbikira kwambiri pakuyeserera pansi pa "katundu" wamalingaliro. Oi adayika ndalama zake pokonzekera pulogalamuyo chikhumbo chake chonse monga wojambula, chidziwitso chake chonse, mphatso yake yonse yophunzitsa, ndipo pa konsatiyo, ngati kuti akusilira zotsatira za ntchito yake, adachirikiza mosatopa ndi moto wochita chidwi mu oimba oimba. , anayatsidwa ndi iye. Ndipo chinthu china chochititsa chidwi kwambiri mu maonekedwe ake aluso: pobwerezabwereza, musadzitengere nokha, koma yesetsani kuwerenga ntchitoyo "ndi maso osiyana", mumakhala ndi malingaliro atsopano mu kutanthauzira kokhwima komanso mwaluso, ngati kutulutsa malingaliro ndi malingaliro anu. osiyana, wochenjera kwambiri makiyi kuchita.

Pulofesa Gauk anabweretsa gulu lonse la ma conductor akuluakulu a Soviet. Nthawi zosiyanasiyana ankaphunzitsa ku Leningrad (1927-1933), Tbilisi (1941-1943) ndi Moscow (kuyambira 1948) Conservatory. Ena mwa ophunzira ake ndi A. Melik-Pashaev, E. Mravinsky, M. Tavrizian, E. Mikeladze, E. Svetlanov, N. Rabinovich, O. Dimitriadi, K. Simeonov, E. Grikurov ndi ena.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969