Rudolf Richardovich Kerer (Rudolf Kehrer) |

Rudolf Kehrer

Zolinga zaluso m'nthawi yathu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana - makamaka poyamba. Koma yonena za kulenga Rudolf Richardovich Kerer safanana kwenikweni ndi ena onse. Zokwanira kunena kuti mpaka zaka makumi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu (!) Anakhalabe mumdima wathunthu ngati wosewera konsati; ankadziwa za iye kokha ku Tashkent Conservatory, kumene ankaphunzitsa. Koma tsiku lina labwino - tidzakambirana za iye patsogolo - dzina lake linadziwika kwa pafupifupi aliyense wokonda nyimbo m'dziko lathu. Kapena zoona zake. Wosewera aliyense amadziwika kuti amakhala ndi nthawi yopuma pamene chivundikiro cha chidacho chimakhala chotsekedwa kwakanthawi. Kerer nayenso anali ndi nthawi yopuma. Zinangokhalapo, zosaposa zaka khumi ndi zitatu ...

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Rudolf Richardovich Kerer anabadwira ku Tbilisi. Bambo ake anali woyimba piyano kapena, monga amatchulidwira, katswiri wanyimbo. Anayesetsa kuti adziŵe zochitika zonse zosangalatsa mu moyo wa konsati ya mzindawo; anayambitsa nyimbo ndi mwana wake. Kerer amakumbukira zomwe E. Petri, A. Borovsky, amakumbukira alendo ena otchuka omwe anabwera ku Tbilisi m'zaka zimenezo.

Erna Karlovna Krause anakhala mphunzitsi wake woyamba piyano. Kehrer anati: “Pafupifupi ophunzira onse a Erna Karlovna ankadziwika ndi luso lochititsa chidwi. “Kusewera kofulumira, kwamphamvu ndi kolondola kunalimbikitsidwa m’kalasi. Komabe, posakhalitsa, ndinayamba kuphunzira ndi mphunzitsi watsopano, Anna Ivanovna Tulashvili, ndipo zonse zomwe ndinali nazo zinasintha nthawi yomweyo. Anna Ivanovna anali wojambula wouziridwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo, maphunziro ake anachitika mu chikhalidwe cha chisangalalo ... "Kerer anaphunzira ndi Tulashvili kwa zaka zingapo - choyamba mu" gulu la ana amphatso "ku Tbilisi Conservatory, kenako ku Conservatory palokha. Ndiyeno nkhondo inaphwanya chirichonse. Kerer anapitiriza kuti: “Monga mmene zinthu zinalili, ndinafika kutali kwambiri ndi Tbilisi. “Banja lathu, mofanana ndi mabanja ena ambiri a ku Germany m’zaka zimenezo, linayenera kukhazikika ku Central Asia, kufupi ndi Tashkent. Panalibe oyimba pafupi ndi ine, ndipo zinali zovuta ndi chida, kotero maphunziro a piyano mwanjira ina adayima okha. Ndinalowa Chimkent Pedagogical Institute ku Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. Nditamaliza maphunziro ake, anapita kusukulu - anaphunzitsa masamu ku sekondale. Izi zinachitika kwa zaka zingapo. Kunena zowona - mpaka 1954. Ndiyeno ndinaganiza kuyesa mwayi wanga (pambuyo pake, nyimbo za "nostalgia" sizinasiye kundizunza) - kuti ndipereke mayeso olowera ku Tashkent Conservatory. Ndipo adalandiridwa m'chaka chachitatu.

Analembedwa m’kalasi ya piano ya mphunzitsi 3. Sh. Tamarkina, yemwe Kerer samasiya kumukumbukira ndi ulemu waukulu ndi chifundo ("woyimba wabwino kwambiri, adadziwa bwino kwambiri chiwonetsero cha chida ..."). Anaphunziranso zambiri kuchokera kumisonkhano ndi VI Slonim ("wachilendo wachilendo ...

Aphunzitsi onse awiri anathandiza Kerer kutseka mipata mu maphunziro ake apadera; chifukwa cha Tamarkina ndi Slonim, iye osati bwinobwino maphunziro a Conservatory, komanso anasiyidwa kumeneko kuphunzitsa. Iwo, alangizi ndi abwenzi a woimba piyano wamng'ono, adamulangiza kuti ayese mphamvu zake pa All-Union Competition of Performing Musicians yomwe inalengezedwa mu 1961.

Kerer anati: “Nditaganiza zopita ku Moscow, sindinadzinyenge ndi chiyembekezo chapadera. Mwinamwake, mkhalidwe wamaganizo uwu, osati wolemetsa mwina chifukwa cha nkhawa kwambiri kapena chisangalalo chowononga moyo, unandithandiza pamenepo. Pambuyo pake, nthawi zambiri ndimaganiza kuti oimba achichepere omwe akusewera pamipikisano nthawi zina amakhumudwitsidwa ndi chidwi chawo choyambirira pa mphotho imodzi kapena ina. Imamanga, imapangitsa munthu kulemedwa ndi kulemedwa ndi udindo, kukhala kapolo wamalingaliro: masewerawa amataya kupepuka kwake, chibadwa, kumasuka ... Chabwino, za malo oyamba komanso mutu wa wopambana, zodabwitsa izi zidandisangalatsa kwambiri ... "

Kudabwa kwa chigonjetso cha Kerer sikunali kwa iye yekha. Woimba wazaka 38, pafupifupi wosadziwika kwa aliyense, yemwe kutenga nawo mbali pa mpikisano, mwa njira, ankafuna chilolezo chapadera (malire a zaka za opikisanawo anali ochepa, malinga ndi malamulo, zaka 32), ndi kupambana kwake kosangalatsa. kugwetsa zolosera zonse zomwe zidanenedwa kale, ndikuchotsa zongoyerekeza ndi zongoganiza. "M'masiku ochepa chabe, Rudolf Kerer adatchuka kwambiri," atolankhani a nyimbo adalemba. “Makonsati ake oyambirira a ku Moscow anagulitsidwa, m’malo opambana achimwemwe. Zolankhula za Kerer zidaulutsidwa pawailesi ndi wailesi yakanema. Atolankhani adayankha momvera chisoni pazoyambira zake. Adakhala mutu wankhani zokangana pakati pa akatswiri komanso amateurs omwe adakwanitsa kumuyika pakati pa oimba piyano akulu aku Soviet ... " (Rabinovich D. Rudolf Kerer // Musical Life. 1961. No. 6. P. 6.).

Kodi mlendo wochokera ku Tashkent adachita bwanji chidwi ndi omvera amzindawu? Ufulu ndi kupanda tsankho kwa mawu ake a siteji, kukula kwa malingaliro ake, chikhalidwe choyambirira cha kupanga nyimbo. Iye sanayimire sukulu iliyonse yodziwika bwino ya piyano - ngakhale Moscow kapena Leningrad; sanaimire aliyense, koma anali yekha. Ubwino wake unalinso wochititsa chidwi. Iye, mwina, analibe kuwala kwakunja, koma wina adamva mu mphamvu zake zonse, kulimba mtima, ndi kukula kwakukulu. Kerer adakondwera ndi ntchito zake zovuta monga Liszt "Mephisto Waltz" ndi F-minor ("Transcendental") Etude, Glazunov "Theme and Variations" ndi Concerto Yoyamba ya Prokofiev. Koma kuposa china chilichonse - kuthamangitsidwa kwa "Tannhäuser" ndi Wagner - Liszt; Kutsutsidwa kwa Moscow kunayankha kutanthauzira kwake kwa chinthu ichi ngati chozizwitsa cha zozizwitsa.

Chifukwa chake, panali zifukwa zokwanira zaukadaulo zopambana malo oyamba kuchokera ku Kerer. Komabe chifukwa chenicheni cha chipambano chake chinali china.

Kehrer anali ndi moyo wodzaza, wolemera, wovuta kwambiri kuposa omwe adapikisana naye, ndipo izi zinawonekera bwino mu masewera ake. Zaka za woyimba piyano, zokhotakhota zakuthwa za tsogolo sizinamulepheretse kupikisana ndi achinyamata aluso, koma, mwina, adathandizira mwanjira ina. "Nyimbo," anatero Bruno Walter, "nthawi zonse ndi "wotsogolera payekha" wa munthu amene amaziimba: monga momwe anajambula fanizo, "momwe zitsulo zimapangira kutentha" (Zojambula zamayiko akunja. - M., 1962. Nkhani IC 71.). Kuchokera ku nyimbo zomwe zinamveka kutanthauzira kwa Kehrer, kuchokera ku luso lake laluso, panali mpweya wa chinachake chomwe sichinali chachizolowezi pa siteji ya mpikisano. Omvera, komanso mamembala a bwalo lamilandu, adawona kutsogolo kwawo osati wolemba woyamba yemwe adangosiya nthawi yopanda mitambo yophunzira, koma wojambula wokhwima, wokhazikika. M'masewera ake - owopsa, omwe nthawi zina amajambula molimba mtima komanso modabwitsa - wina amangoganizira zomwe zimatchedwa psychological overtones ... Izi ndi zomwe zidakopa chidwi cha Kerer.

Nthawi yapita. Zosangalatsa zomwe zapezedwa ndi zokonda za mpikisano wa 1961 zidasiyidwa. Atapita patsogolo pa piano ya Soviet, Kerer wakhala akutenga malo abwino pakati pa ojambula anzake a konsati. Iwo adadziwa bwino ntchito yake komanso mwatsatanetsatane - popanda hype, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatsagana ndi zodabwitsa. Tinakumana onse m'mizinda yambiri ya USSR ndi kunja - mu GDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Japan. Mphamvu zochulukirapo kapena zochepa za njira yake ya siteji zidaphunziridwanso. Ndiziyani? Kodi wojambula ndi chiyani lero?

Choyamba, m'pofunika kunena za iye monga mbuye wa mawonekedwe lalikulu mu zisudzo; monga wojambula yemwe talente yake imadziwonetsera molimba mtima kwambiri muzojambula zazikulu za nyimbo. Kerer nthawi zambiri amafunikira malo omveka okulirapo komwe amatha pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono kumangika mwamphamvu, kuwonetsa mpumulo wa nyimbo ndi sitiroko yayikulu, kufotokozera momveka bwino zomwe zikubwera; ntchito zake zapasiteji zimawonedwa bwinoko ngati zikuwonedwa ngati kusuntha kutali ndi iwo, kuchokera patali. Sizongochitika mwangozi kuti pakati pa kupambana kwake kumasulira ndi opuss monga Brahms's First Piano Concerto, Beethoven's Fifth, Tchaikovsky's First, Shostakovich's First, Rachmaninov's Second, sonata cycle za Prokofiev, Khachaturian, Sviridov.

Ntchito zamitundu yayikulu zimaphatikizapo pafupifupi osewera onse oimba nyimbo zawo. Iwo, komabe, si a aliyense. Kwa wina, zimachitika kuti kadutswa kakang'ono kokha kamatuluka, kakaleidoscope kaphokoso kakang'ono kapena pang'ono kowala kwambiri ... Izi sizichitika ndi Kerer. Nyimbo zimawoneka kuti zimagwidwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo kuchokera kwa iye: ziribe kanthu zomwe amasewera - Bach's D-minor concerto kapena Mozart's A-minor sonata, Schumann's "Symphonic etudes" kapena ma preludes a Shostakovich - kulikonse mu dongosolo lake la machitidwe, chilango chamkati, okhwima bungwe zinthu kupambana. Kale anali mphunzitsi wa masamu, sanasiye kukonda kuganiza mozama, kamangidwe kake, ndiponso nyimbo zomveka bwino. Izi ndi zosungiramo malingaliro ake opanga, monga momwe amachitira zojambulajambula.

Malinga ndi otsutsa ambiri, Kehrer amakwaniritsa bwino kwambiri kutanthauzira kwa Beethoven. Zowonadi, ntchito za wolemba izi zimatenga gawo limodzi lapakati pazikwangwani za woyimba piyano. Mapangidwe enieni a nyimbo za Beethoven - khalidwe lake lolimba mtima ndi lamphamvu, kamvekedwe kake, kusiyana kwakukulu kwamaganizo - zimagwirizana ndi luso la Kerer; wakhala akumva kuyitanidwa kwa nyimboyi, adapeza gawo lake lenileni momwemo. Nthawi zina zosangalatsa pamasewera ake, munthu amatha kumva kusakanikirana kokwanira komanso kwachilengedwe ndi lingaliro laukadaulo la Beethoven - mgwirizano wauzimu ndi wolemba, "symbiosis" yolenga yomwe KS Stanislavsky adafotokoza ndi "Ine ndine" wotchuka: "Ndilipo, ndilipo, ndilipo. moyo, ndimamva ndikuganiza chimodzimodzi ndi gawoli " (Stanislavsky KS Ntchito ya wosewera yekha // Ntchito zosonkhanitsa - M., 1954. T. 2. Gawo 1. S. 203.). Zina mwa "maudindo" ochititsa chidwi a Kehrer's Beethoven repertoire ndi Seventh ndi Xeight Sonatas, Pathetique, Aurora, Fifth Concerto komanso Appassionata. (Monga mukudziwira, woyimba piyano nthawi ina adachita nawo filimu yotchedwa Appassionata, kupangitsa kuti kumasulira kwake kwa ntchitoyi kupezeke kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.) N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zolengedwa za Beethoven zimagwirizana osati kokha ndi makhalidwe a Kerer, mwamuna ndi munthu. wojambula, komanso ndi zochitika zapadera za piyano yake. Zolimba komanso zotsimikizika (osati popanda gawo la "zokhudza") kupanga mawu, mawonekedwe a fresco - zonsezi zimathandiza wojambula kuti akwaniritse luso lapamwamba lazokopa mu "Pathetique", ndi "Appassionata", ndi piyano ina yambiri ya Beethoven. opus.

Palinso wopeka amene pafupifupi nthawi zonse bwino ndi Kerer-Sergei Prokofiev. Wolemba yemwe ali pafupi naye m'njira zambiri: ndi nyimbo zake, zoletsa komanso zalaconic, zokhala ndi chidwi cha toccato yothandiza, pamasewera owuma komanso owoneka bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Prokofiev ali pafupi ndi Kerer ndi pafupifupi zida zake zonse zofotokozera: "kukakamira kwamitundu yama metrical", "kuphweka ndi masinthidwe amtundu", "kutengeka ndi zithunzi zosalekeza, zamakona anayi", "zinthu" za kapangidwe kake. , "kukhazikika kwa mafanizo omveka bwino" (SE Feinberg) (Feinberg SE Sergei Prokofiev: Makhalidwe a Style // Pianoism as an Art. 2nd ed. - M., 1969. P. 134, 138, 550.). Sizongochitika mwangozi kuti wina akhoza kuwona Prokofiev wamng'ono pa chiyambi cha kupambana kwa luso la Kerer - First Piano Concerto. Zina mwazodziwika bwino za woyimba piyano ndi Prokofiev's Second, Third and Seventh Sonatas, Delusions, prelude in C yayikulu, ulendo wotchuka wochokera ku opera The Love for Three Oranges.

Kerer nthawi zambiri amasewera Chopin. Pali ntchito za Scriabin ndi Debussy mu mapulogalamu ake. Mwinamwake awa ndi zigawo zotsutsana kwambiri za repertoire yake. Ndi kupambana kopanda chikaiko kwa woyimba piyano monga womasulira - Chopin's Second Sonata, Scriabin's Third Sonata… - ndi olemba awa omwe amawululanso mbali zina zopanda pake mu luso lake. Ndi pano, mu Chopin's waltzes zokongola ndi preludes, mu Scriabin a ting'onoting'ono osalimba, mu mawu Debussy zokongola, kuti munthu amaona kuti Kerer akusewera nthawi zina alibe kuwongolera, kuti m'madera ena ndi nkhanza. Ndipo kuti sikungakhale koyipa kuwona momwemo kulongosola mwaluso mwatsatanetsatane, kachulukidwe kowoneka bwino komanso kamitundu. Mwinamwake, woimba piyano aliyense, ngakhale wotchuka kwambiri, akanatha, ngati angafune, kutchula zidutswa zina zomwe siziri limba “yake”; Kerr nayenso.

Zimachitika kuti kutanthauzira kwa woyimba piyano kulibe ndakatulo - m'lingaliro lakuti zimamveka ndikumveka ndi oimba achikondi. Timayesa kupanga chigamulo chotsutsana. Zopanga za oimba-ojambula, ndipo mwina olemba, monga luso la olemba, amadziwa "akatulo" ake ndi "olemba prose". (Kodi zingachitike kwa wina m’dziko la olemba kutsutsa kuti ndi iti mwa mitundu imeneyi yomwe ili “yabwino” ndi iti “yoyipitsitsa”? Ayi, ndithudi.) Mtundu woyamba umadziwika ndi kuphunziridwa mokwanira, timaganizira za mtundu wachiwiri wocheperako. kawirikawiri; ndipo ngati, mwachitsanzo, lingaliro la "piyano ndakatulo" likumveka lachikhalidwe, ndiye kuti sitinganene za "olemba limba a prose". Pakalipano, pakati pawo pali ambuye ambiri okondweretsa - aakulu, anzeru, opindulitsa mwauzimu. Nthawi zina, komabe, ena a iwo angafune kufotokozera malire a repertoire yawo molondola komanso mosamalitsa, ndikukonda ntchito zina, kusiya zina ...

Pakati pa anzake, Kerer amadziwika osati ngati woimba konsati. Kuyambira 1961 wakhala akuphunzitsa ku Moscow Conservatory. Pakati pa ophunzira ake ndi wopambana Mpikisano wa IV Tchaikovsky, wojambula wotchuka wa ku Brazil A. Moreira-Lima, woimba piyano wa ku Czech Bozhena Steinerova, wopambana wa VIII Tchaikovsky Competition Irina Plotnikova, ndi ena angapo achichepere a Soviet ndi akunja. Kerer anati: “Ndimakhulupirira kuti ngati woimba wachita zinazake pa ntchito yake, ayenera kuphunzitsidwa. "Monga momwe timafunikira kukweza akatswiri ojambula, zisudzo, sinema - onse omwe timawatcha "ojambula". Ndipo si nkhani ya udindo chabe. Mukakhala mukuchita uphunzitsi, mumamva momwe maso anu amatsegukira zinthu zambiri ... "

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, chinachake chikukhumudwitsa Kerer mphunzitsi lerolino. Malinga ndi iye, izo zimakwiyitsa kwambiri zoonekeratu zothandiza ndi mwanzeru achinyamata masiku ano luso. Kulimbikira kwambiri kwabizinesi luso. Ndipo osati ku Moscow Conservatory, kumene amagwira ntchito, komanso m'mayunivesite ena a nyimbo m'dzikoli, kumene akuyenera kuyendera. “Mukayang’ana oimba piyano achichepere ena ndipo mumawona kuti samalingalira kwambiri za maphunziro awo koma za ntchito zawo. Ndipo sakuyang'ana osati aphunzitsi okha, koma oyang'anira otchuka, othandizira omwe angasamalire kupita patsogolo kwawo, angathandize, monga akunena, kuti ayende.

N’zoona kuti achinyamata ayenera kudera nkhawa za tsogolo lawo. Izi ndi zachilengedwe kwathunthu, ndimamvetsetsa zonse mwangwiro. Ndipo komabe… Monga woyimba, sindingachitire mwina koma kudandaula powona kuti katchulidwe kake sikali komwe ndimaganiza kuti akuyenera kukhala. Sindingachitire mwina koma kukhumudwa kuti zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamoyo ndi ntchito zasinthidwa. Mwina ndikulakwitsa…”

Iye akulondola, ndithudi, ndipo akudziwa izo bwino kwambiri. Iye sakufuna, mwachiwonekere, kuti wina amunyoze chifukwa cha chipwirikiti cha nkhalamba yoteroyo, chifukwa cha kung’ung’udza wamba ndi kocheperako paunyamata “wamakono”.

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Mu nyengo za 1986/87 ndi 1987/88, maudindo atsopano angapo adawonekera m'mapulogalamu a Kerer - Bach's Partita mu B flat major ndi Suite in A minor, Liszt's Obermann Valley and Funeral Procession, Grieg's Piano Concerto, zina mwa zidutswa za Rachmaninoff. Iye samabisa mfundo yakuti pa msinkhu wake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano, kuzibweretsa kwa anthu. Koma - ndikofunikira, malinga ndi iye. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musamamatire pamalo amodzi, osati kulephera mwa njira yolenga; kumva chimodzimodzi panopa woyimba konsati. Ndikofunikira, mwachidule, mwaukadaulo komanso mwamalingaliro. Ndipo yachiwiri ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa yoyamba.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Kerer akugwiranso ntchito "kubwezeretsa" - akubwereza chinachake kuchokera kumasewero a zaka zapitazo, akubwezeretsanso ku moyo wake wa konsati. “Nthawi zina zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kuona mmene anthu amasinthira ku matanthauzidwe akale. Chifukwa chake, mukusintha bwanji nokha. Ndili wotsimikiza kuti pali ntchito m'mabuku oimba a dziko lapansi omwe amangofuna kubwezeredwa nthawi ndi nthawi, ntchito zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuganiziridwanso. Iwo ali olemera kwambiri muzinthu zawo zamkati, kotero zamitundumitundukuti pamlingo uliwonse waulendo wamoyo munthu adzapeza mwa iwo china chake chomwe sichinadziwike, chomwe sichinadziwike, chosowa…” Mu 1987, Kerer adayambiranso nyimbo ya Liszt B yaying'ono mu sewero lake, yomwe idaseweredwa kwa zaka zopitilira makumi awiri.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Kerer tsopano akuyesera kuti asachedwe kwa nthawi yaitali pa chinthu chimodzi - kunena, pa ntchito za wolemba yemweyo, mosasamala kanthu kuti ali pafupi bwanji ndi wokondedwa. “Ndaona kuti kusintha masitayelo a nyimbo, masitayelo osiyanasiyana a nyimbo,” iye akutero, “kumathandizira kusunga kamvekedwe ka maganizo m’ntchitoyo. Ndipo izi ndi zofunika kwambiri. Mukakhala kuseri kwa zaka zambiri zogwira ntchito molimbika, zisudzo zambiri zamakonsati, chofunikira kwambiri ndikusataya kukoma kwa piyano. Ndipo apa kusinthana kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyimbo kumandithandiza kwambiri - kumapereka kukonzanso kwamkati, kutsitsimula malingaliro, kumachepetsa kutopa.

Kwa wojambula aliyense, pakubwera nthawi, akuwonjezera Rudolf Rikhardovich, pamene ayamba kumvetsetsa kuti pali ntchito zambiri zomwe sangaphunzire ndi kusewera pa siteji. Sikuti nthawi yake… Ndizomvetsa chisoni, inde, koma palibe choti tichite. Ine ndikuganiza ndi chisoni, mwachitsanzo, zingatiSindinasewere m'moyo wake ntchito za Schubert, Brahms, Scriabin, ndi olemba nyimbo ena otchuka. Ndibwino kuti muchite zomwe mukuchita lero.

Amanena kuti akatswiri (makamaka ogwira nawo ntchito) nthawi zina amatha kulakwitsa pakuwunika ndi malingaliro awo; anthu onse mu pamapeto pake osalakwitsa konse. Vladimir Horowitz anati: “Womvera aliyense payekha nthaŵi zina satha kumvetsa chilichonse, koma akasonkhana, amamvetsetsa!” Kwa zaka pafupifupi XNUMX, luso la Kerer lakhala likusangalatsidwa ndi omvera omwe amamuwona ngati woimba wamkulu, wowona mtima, wopanda malingaliro. Ndipo iwo osalakwitsa...

G. Tsypin, 1990