Sitar: kufotokoza kwa chida, zikuchokera, phokoso, mbiri, ntchito

Chikhalidwe cha nyimbo cha ku Ulaya sichikufuna kuvomereza ku Asia, koma chida cha nyimbo cha Indian Sitar, atachoka m'malire a dziko lakwawo, chatchuka kwambiri ku England, Germany, Sweden ndi mayiko ena. Dzina lake limachokera ku kuphatikiza kwa mawu achi Turkic akuti "se" ndi "tar", kutanthauza "zingwe zitatu". Phokoso la woyimilira uyu wa zingwe ndi lodabwitsa komanso lolodza. Ndipo chida cha Indian chidalemekezedwa ndi Ravi Shankar, virtuoso sitar player ndi guru la nyimbo za dziko, yemwe akanatha kutembenuza zaka zana lero.

Kodi sitar ndi chiyani

Chidacho ndi cha gulu la zingwe zodulira, chipangizo chake chimafanana ndi lute ndipo chimakhala chofanana ndi gitala. Poyamba ankagwiritsidwa ntchito poimba nyimbo zachikale za ku India, koma lero kukula kwake ndi kwakukulu. Sitar imatha kumveka m'ma rock, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu amitundu ndi anthu.

Ku India, amapatsidwa ulemu waukulu ndi ulemu. Akukhulupirira kuti kuti adziwe bwino chidacho, muyenera kukhala ndi moyo anayi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zingwe ndi ma resonator apadera a gourd, phokoso la sitar lafananizidwa ndi gulu la oimba. Phokosoli ndi hypnotic, lachilendo ndi peals, oimba nyimbo za rock omwe amasewera mumtundu wa "psychedelic rock" adakondana.

Chida chipangizo

Mapangidwe a sitar ndi ophweka kwambiri poyang'ana koyamba. Amakhala ndi ma resonator awiri a dzungu - zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi bolodi lalitali lopanda kanthu. Ili ndi zingwe zisanu ndi ziwiri zazikulu za bourdon, ziwiri zomwe ndi chikari. Iwo ali ndi udindo wosewera ndime za rhythmic, ndipo ena onse ndi oimba.

Kuphatikiza apo, zingwe zina 11 kapena 13 zimatambasulidwa pansi pa mtedza. Resonator yaying'ono yapamwamba imakulitsa phokoso la zingwe za bass. Khosi limapangidwa ndi matabwa a tun. Mtedza umakokedwa pakhosi ndi zingwe, zikhomo zambiri zimakhala ndi udindo wopanga chidacho.

History

Sitar ikuwoneka ngati lute, yomwe idakhala yotchuka m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Koma m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX BC, chida china chidawuka - rudra-veena, chomwe chimawerengedwa kuti ndi kholo lakutali la sitar. Kwazaka zambiri, zasintha kwambiri, ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, woyimba waku India Amir Khusro adapanga chida chofanana ndi setor ya Tajik, koma yayikulu. Anapanga resonator kuchokera ku dzungu, atapeza kuti ndilo "thupi" loterolo lomwe limamulola kuchotsa phokoso lomveka bwino komanso lakuya. Kuchulukitsa Khusro ndi kuchuluka kwa zingwe. Setor anali ndi atatu okha a iwo.

Njira yamasewera

Amayimba chidacho atakhala, ndikuyika chowunikira pa mawondo awo. Khosi limagwiridwa ndi dzanja lamanzere, zingwe pakhosi zimamangidwa ndi zala. Zala za dzanja lamanja zimatulutsa mayendedwe odumphadumpha. Pa nthawi yomweyi, "mizrab" imayikidwa pa chala cholozera - mkhalapakati wapadera wochotsa phokoso.

Kupanga ma tonation apadera, chala chaching'ono chikuphatikizidwa mu Sewerani pa Sitar, amaseweredwa pazingwe za bourdon. Ena a sitarists amakula mwadala msomali pa chala ichi kuti phokoso likhale lowutsa mudyo. Khosi lili ndi zingwe zingapo zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito konse posewera. Amapanga echo effect, amapangitsa kuti nyimboyo ikhale yomveka bwino, kutsindika phokoso lalikulu.

Osewera Odziwika

Ravi Shankar akhalabe wosewera wosapambana wa sitar m'mbiri ya nyimbo zaku India kwazaka zambiri. Sanangokhala wotchuka wa chida pakati pa omvera akumadzulo, komanso adapereka luso lake kwa ophunzira aluso. Kwa nthawi yaitali anali bwenzi ndi gitala lodziwika bwino "The Beatles" George Harrison. Mu chimbale "Revolver" mamvekedwe amtundu wa chida ichi chaku India amamveka bwino.

Ravi Shankar adapereka luso logwiritsa ntchito mwaluso sitar kwa mwana wake wamkazi Annushka. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka 9, adaphunzira luso loimba nyimbo, adachita masewera amtundu wa Indian, ndipo ali ndi zaka 17 adatulutsa kale nyimbo zake. Mtsikanayo nthawi zonse amayesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Choncho chifukwa cha kuphatikiza Indian nyimbo ndi flamenco anali Album wake "Trelveller".

Mmodzi mwa anthu odziwika kwambiri ku Europe ndi Shima Mukherjee. Amakhala ndikugwira ntchito ku England, nthawi zonse amapereka zoimbaimba limodzi ndi saxophonist Courtney Pine. Pamagulu oimba omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sitar, gulu la ethno-jazz "Mukta" ndilodziwika bwino. Pazojambula zonse za gululi, chida cha zingwe cha ku India chimayimbidwa payekha.

Oyimba ena ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana nawonso adathandizira pakukula komanso kutchuka kwa nyimbo za ku India. Mawonekedwe a phokoso la sitar amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu a Japanese, Canada, British.