Zina mwazinthu za piano za Beethoven sonatas

Beethoven, katswiri wamkulu, katswiri wa mawonekedwe a sonata, m'moyo wake wonse ankafufuza zatsopano zamtunduwu, njira zatsopano zopangira malingaliro ake mmenemo.

Wolembayo anakhalabe wokhulupirika ku zolemba zakale mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake, koma pofunafuna phokoso latsopano nthawi zambiri ankadutsa malire a kalembedwe, akudzipeza yekha pamphepete mwa kupeza chikondi chatsopano, koma chosadziwika. Luso la Beethoven linali lakuti anatenga sonata chapamwamba mpaka pamwamba pa ungwiro ndikutsegula zenera mu dziko latsopano lopangidwa.

Zitsanzo zachilendo za kutanthauzira kwa Beethoven za kayendedwe ka sonata

Kutsamwitsidwa mkati mwa chimango cha mawonekedwe a sonata, wolembayo adayesetsa kwambiri kuchoka ku mapangidwe achikhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a kuzungulira kwa sonata.

Izi zitha kuwoneka kale mu Sonata Yachiwiri, pomwe m'malo mwa minuet amayambitsa scherzo, zomwe azichita kangapo. Amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mitundu yosagwirizana ndi sonatas:

• kuguba: mu sonatas No. 10, 12 ndi 28;
• recitatives zida: mu Sonata No. 17;
• arioso: mu Sonata №31.

Amatanthauzira kuzungulira kwa sonata palokha momasuka kwambiri. Kusamalira mwaufulu miyambo ya kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono komanso mofulumira, akuyamba ndi nyimbo zapang'onopang'ono Sonata No. 13, "Moonlight Sonata" No. 14. Mu Sonata No. 21, otchedwa "Aurora" (enatas ena a Beethoven ali ndi maudindo), kusuntha komaliza kumatsogoleredwa ndi mtundu wa mawu oyamba kapena oyamba omwe amakhala ngati kayendedwe kachiwiri. Tikuwona kukhalapo kwa mtundu wapang'onopang'ono pakusuntha koyamba kwa Sonata No. 17.

Beethoven nayenso sanakhutire ndi chiwerengero cha chikhalidwe cha zigawo mu kayendedwe ka sonata. Ma sonatas ake No. 19, 20, 22, 24, 27, ndi 32 ndi maulendo awiri; ma sonata opitilira khumi ali ndi mawonekedwe oyenda anayi.

Sonatas No. 13 ndi No. 14 alibe sonata allegro monga choncho.

Kusiyana kwa piano sonatas za Beethoven

Wopeka L. Beethoven

Malo ofunikira muukadaulo wa Beethoven wa sonata amakhala ndi magawo omwe amatanthauziridwa mwanjira yosiyana. Nthawi zambiri, njira yosinthira, kusiyanasiyana kotero, idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yake. M’kupita kwa zaka, linapeza ufulu wokulirapo ndipo linakhala losiyana ndi masinthidwe akale.

Kusuntha koyamba kwa Sonata No. 12 ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe a sonata. Kwa laconicism yake yonse, nyimboyi imasonyeza malingaliro ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana. Palibe mawonekedwe ena koma kusiyanasiyana komwe kungafotokozere chikhalidwe cha ubusa ndi kulingalira kwa chidutswa chokongolachi mokoma mtima ndi moona mtima.

Wolembayo mwiniyo anatcha mkhalidwe wa gawoli “kulemekeza kolingalira.” Malingaliro awa a mzimu wolota wogwidwa pachimake cha chilengedwe ndi ozama kwambiri. Kuyesera kuthawa malingaliro opweteka ndikudzilowetsa mumalingaliro a malo okongola nthawi zonse kumathera pobwereranso ngakhale malingaliro akuda. Sikwachabe kuti kusiyana kumeneku kumatsatiridwa ndi ulendo wamaliro. Kusiyanasiyana pankhaniyi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru ngati njira yowonera kulimbana kwamkati.

Gawo lachiwiri la "Appassionata" lilinso ndi "zolingalira mkati mwako". Sizongochitika mwangozi kuti kusiyana kwina kumamveka m'kaundula wapansi, kugwera m'malingaliro amdima, ndiyeno kuwulukira m'kaundula wapamwamba, kusonyeza chisangalalo cha chiyembekezo. Kusinthasintha kwa nyimbo kumapereka kusakhazikika kwa malingaliro a ngwazi.

Zomaliza za sonatas No. 30 ndi No. 32 zinalembedwanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Nyimbo za mbali zimenezi n’zodzala ndi zikumbukiro zolota; sizothandiza, koma kulingalira. Mitu yawo imakhala yamoyo komanso yolemekeza; sali otengeka mtima, koma amamveka momveka bwino, monga kukumbukira zaka zakale. Kusintha kulikonse kumasintha chithunzi cha maloto odutsa. Mu mtima wa ngwazi muli mwina chiyembekezo, ndiye chilakolako kumenyana, kupereka njira yotaya mtima, ndiye kachiwiri kubwerera kwa fano loto.

Fugues mu sonatas mochedwa Beethoven

Beethoven amalemeretsa kusiyanasiyana kwake ndi mfundo yatsopano ya njira ya polyphonic yopanga. Beethoven adalimbikitsidwa ndi mapangidwe a polyphonic kuti adayambitsa zambiri. Polyphony amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha Sonata No. 28, mapeto a Sonatas No. 29 ndi 31.

M'zaka zotsatira za ntchito yake yolenga, Beethoven adalongosola lingaliro lapakati la filosofi lomwe limadutsa muzochita zake zonse: kugwirizana ndi kuphatikizika kwa kusiyana pakati pa wina ndi mzake. Lingaliro la mkangano pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa, kuwala ndi mdima, zomwe zinkawoneka momveka bwino komanso mwachiwawa pakati pa zaka zapakati, zimasinthidwa ndi mapeto a ntchito yake kukhala lingaliro lakuya kuti chigonjetso m'mayesero sichidzabwera mu nkhondo yamphamvu, koma kupyolera mu kulingaliranso ndi mphamvu yauzimu.

Choncho, mu sonatas pambuyo pake amabwera ku fugue monga korona wa chitukuko chodabwitsa. Pomalizira pake anazindikira kuti akhoza kukhala zotsatira za nyimbo zomwe zinali zochititsa chidwi komanso zachisoni moti ngakhale moyo sungapitirize. Fugue ndiye njira yokhayo yomwe ingatheke. Umu ndi momwe G. Neuhaus adayankhulira za fugue yomaliza ya Sonata No.

Pambuyo pa kuzunzika ndi kugwedezeka, pamene chiyembekezo chomaliza chimazimiririka, palibe maganizo kapena malingaliro, mphamvu yokha yoganiza imakhalabe. Zozizira, zomveka bwino zomwe zili mu polyphony. Kumbali ina, pali chochonderera ku chipembedzo ndi mgwirizano ndi Mulungu.

Zingakhale zosayenera kuletsa nyimbo zotere ndi rondo wansangala kapena kusinthasintha kwabata. Izi zitha kukhala kusiyana koonekeratu ndi lingaliro lake lonse.

Mphuno ya mapeto a Sonata No. 30 inali yovuta kwambiri kwa woimbayo. Ndi yayikulu, mitu iwiri komanso yovuta kwambiri. Popanga fugue iyi, wolembayo anayesa kufotokoza lingaliro la kupambana kwa kulingalira pamalingaliro. Palibe kwenikweni maganizo amphamvu mmenemo, chitukuko cha nyimbo ndi kudziletsa ndi kulingalira.

Sonata No. 31 komanso umatha ndi polyphonic mapeto. Komabe, apa, pambuyo pa nkhani ya polyphonic fugue, mawonekedwe a homophonic amabwereranso, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti mfundo zamaganizo ndi zomveka m'moyo wathu ndizofanana.