Tatiana Petrovna Nikolaeva |

Tatiana Nikolayeva

Tatiana Nikolaeva ndi woimira sukulu ya AB Goldenweiser. Sukulu yomwe inapatsa luso la Soviet angapo a mayina anzeru. Sizingakhale kukokomeza kunena kuti Nikolaeva - mmodzi wa ophunzira bwino wa mphunzitsi wamkulu Soviet. Ndipo - chodabwitsa - m'modzi mwa oyimira ake, Njira ya Goldenweiser pakuyimba: palibe aliyense masiku ano yemwe amatsatira miyambo yake mosasintha kuposa momwe amachitira. Zambiri zidzanenedwa za izi m'tsogolomu.

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Tatiana Petrovna Nikolaeva anabadwira m'tauni ya Bezhitsa m'chigawo cha Bryansk. Bambo ake anali a pharmacist mwa ntchito komanso woimba ndi ntchito. Pokhala ndi lamulo labwino la violin ndi cello, adasonkhana mozungulira iye mofanana ndi iye mwini, okonda nyimbo ndi okonda zojambulajambula: ma concert a impromptu, misonkhano ya nyimbo ndi madzulo ankachitika nthawi zonse m'nyumba. Mosiyana ndi bambo ake, mayi Tatiana Nikolaeva chinkhoswe mu nyimbo mwaukadaulo. Mu unyamata wake, iye anamaliza dipatimenti ya limba ya Moscow Conservatory ndi kugwirizanitsa tsogolo lake ndi Bezhitse, anapeza malo ambiri chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro - iye analenga sukulu nyimbo ndi analera ophunzira ambiri. Monga zimachitika kawirikawiri m'mabanja a aphunzitsi, anali ndi nthawi yochepa yophunzira ndi mwana wake wamkazi, ngakhale, ndithudi, anamuphunzitsa zoyambira kuimba piyano pakufunika. “Palibe amene anandikankhira kuimba piano, sanandikakamize kugwira ntchito makamaka,” akukumbukira motero Nikolaeva. Ndikukumbukira kuti nditakula, nthawi zambiri ndinkaimba pamaso pa anzanga komanso alendo amene nyumba yathu inali yodzaza. Ngakhale pamenepo, muubwana, izo zonse ziŵiri zinadetsa nkhaŵa ndi kubweretsa chisangalalo chachikulu.

Pamene anali ndi zaka 13, mayi ake anamubweretsa ku Moscow. Tanya adalowa ku Central Music School, atapirira, mwinamwake, chimodzi mwa mayesero ovuta kwambiri komanso odalirika m'moyo wake. (“Pafupifupi anthu mazana asanu ndi limodzi anafunsira ntchito XNUMX,” akukumbukira motero Nikolaeva. “Ngakhale nthaŵi imeneyo, Sukulu Yaimbidwe Yapakati inali ndi kutchuka kwakukulu ndi ulamuliro.”) AB Goldenweiser anakhala mphunzitsi wake; nthawi ina adaphunzitsa amake. Nikolaeva anati: “Ndinakhala masiku onse ndikusowa m’kalasi mwake, zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri kuno. Oimba monga AF Gedike, DF Oistrakh, SN Knushevitsky, SE Feinberg, ED Krutikova ankakonda kupita ku Alexander Borisovich pa maphunziro ake ... kwa iye yekha, kuti achite ndi mtima wonse. Kwa ine, zaka zimenezi zinali zachitukuko chosunthika komanso chofulumira.”

Nikolaeva, monga ana ena a Goldenweiser, nthawi zina amafunsidwa kuti afotokoze, komanso mwatsatanetsatane za mphunzitsi wake. "Ndimamukumbukira poyamba chifukwa cha khalidwe lake labwino kwa tonsefe, ophunzira ake. Sanasankhe aliyense makamaka, amachitira aliyense chidwi ndi udindo wophunzitsa. Monga mphunzitsi, sankakonda kwambiri "zongopeka" - pafupifupi sanayambe kulankhula mwachipongwe. Kaŵirikaŵiri ankalankhula pang’ono, osasankha mawu, koma nthaŵi zonse ponena za chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chofunika. Nthawi zina, amasiya ndemanga ziwiri kapena zitatu, ndipo wophunzirayo, mukuwona, amayamba kusewera mwanjira ina ... Aleksandr Borisovich ankakonda kwambiri mchitidwe konsati achinyamata limba. Ndipo tsopano, ndithudi, achinyamata amasewera kwambiri, koma - yang'anani pampikisano wosankhidwa ndi ma audition - nthawi zambiri amasewera zomwezo ... Tinkasewera. nthawi zambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana"Ndiyo mfundo yonse."

1941 analekanitsa Nikolaeva ku Moscow, achibale, Goldenweiser. Anathera ku Saratov, kumene panthawiyo ena mwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi a Moscow Conservatory anasamutsidwa. M'kalasi limba, iye analangizidwa kwa kanthawi ndi wotchuka Moscow mphunzitsi IR Klyachko. Alinso ndi mlangizi wina - wolemba nyimbo wotchuka waku Soviet BN Lyatoshinsky. Zoona zake n’zakuti kwa nthawi yaitali, kuyambira ali mwana, ankakopeka ndi kupeka nyimbo. (Kalelo mu 1937, pamene analowa mu Central Music School, iye ankaimba opus ake pa mayeso ovomerezeka, amene, mwinamwake, anachititsa komiti pamlingo winawake kuti azikonda iye kuposa ena.) M'kupita kwa zaka, kupanga kunakhala chosowa chofulumira. kwa iye, wachiwiri wake, ndipo nthawi zina komanso woyamba, luso lanyimbo. "Zowonadi, ndizovuta kwambiri kudzipatula pakati pakupanga ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse," akutero Nikolaeva. "Ndimakumbukira ubwana wanga, inali ntchito yosalekeza, ntchito ndi ntchito ... M'chilimwe nthawi zambiri ndinkapeka, m'nyengo yozizira ndinkangodzipereka kwambiri ku piyano. Koma kuphatikizika kwa zochita ziwirizi kwandipatsa zochuluka chotani nanga! Ndine wotsimikiza kuti ndili ndi ngongole ya zotsatira zanga pakuchita kwakukulu kwa iye. Polemba, mumayamba kumvetsetsa zinthu zotere mubizinesi yathu zomwe munthu amene salemba mwina sapatsidwa kuti amvetsetse. Tsopano, malinga ndi zochita zanga, nthawi zonse ndimayenera kulimbana ndi achinyamata ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndipo, mukudziwa, nthawi zina nditatha kumvetsera wojambula wa novice, ndimatha kudziwa mosakayikira - mwa tanthawuzo la matanthauzo ake - kaya akukhudzidwa ndi kupanga nyimbo kapena ayi.

Mu 1943, Nikolaeva anabwerera ku Moscow. Misonkhano yake yosalekeza komanso kulumikizana kwake ndi Goldenweiser kumapangidwanso. Ndipo patapita zaka zingapo, mu 1947, iye mopambana maphunziro limba luso la Conservatory. Ndi chigonjetso chomwe sichinadabwe kwa anthu odziwa - panthawiyo anali atakhazikika kale m'malo oyamba pakati pa oimba piyano achichepere. Pulogalamu yake yomaliza maphunziro idakopa chidwi: komanso ntchito za Schubert (Sonata mu B-flat major), Liszt (Mephisto-Waltz), Rachmaninov (Sonata Wachiwiri), komanso Tatiana Nikolaeva mwiniwake wa Polyphonic Triad, pulogalamuyi idaphatikizanso mabuku onse a Bach's. Clavier Wotentha Kwambiri (mawu oyambira 48 ndi ma fugues). Pali osewera ochepa a konsati, ngakhale pakati pa oimba piyano padziko lonse lapansi, omwe angakhale ndi kuzungulira kwakukulu kwa Bach mu repertoire yawo; apa adafunsidwa ku bungwe la boma ndi woyambitsa masewero a piano, akungokonzekera kuchoka pa benchi ya ophunzira. Ndipo sizinali chabe kukumbukira kwabwino kwa Nikolaeva - adadziwika kwa iye ali wamng'ono, ndi wotchuka tsopano; osati kokha mu ntchito yaikulu imene iye anapanga yokonzekera programu yochititsa chidwi chotero. Chitsogozocho chinafuna ulemu zokonda woimba piyano wamng'ono - zizoloŵezi zake zaluso, zokonda, zomwe amakonda. Tsopano popeza Nikolaeva amadziwika kwambiri ndi akatswiri komanso okonda nyimbo zambiri, Clavier Wokwiya Pamayeso ake omaliza akuwoneka ngati chinthu chachilengedwe - mkati mwa zaka makumi anayi izi sizinadabwitse komanso zosangalatsa. Nikolaeva anati: “Ndimakumbukira kuti Samuil Evgenievich Feinberg anakonza “matikiti” okhala ndi mayina a zilankhulo zonse za Bach ndi ma fugues,” akutero Nikolaeva, “ndipo asanalembe mayeso anandipempha kuti ndijambule imodzi mwa izo. Zinasonyezedwa pamenepo kuti ndiyenera kusewera mwa maere. Zowonadi, bungweli silinathe kumvera pulogalamu yanga yonse yomaliza maphunziro - zikadatenga tsiku lopitilira ... "

Patapita zaka zitatu (1950) Nikolaeva nayenso anamaliza dipatimenti wolemba wa Conservatory. Pambuyo pa BN Lyatoshinsky, V. Ya. Shebalin anali mphunzitsi wake m’kalasi yolemba nyimbo; adamaliza maphunziro ake ndi EK Golubev. Pakuti kupambana akwaniritsa mu nyimbo, dzina lake analowa pa nsangalabwi Board of Honor ya Moscow Conservatory.

…Kawirikawiri, zikafika pakutenga nawo mbali kwa Nikolaeva pamasewera oimba, amatanthauza, choyamba, kupambana kwake kwakukulu pa mpikisano wa Bach ku Leipzig (1950). M'malo mwake, adayesa dzanja lake pankhondo zopikisana kale. Kubwerera mu 1945, iye anatenga mbali mu mpikisano wa ntchito yabwino ya nyimbo Scriabin - unachitikira ku Moscow pa ntchito ya Moscow Philharmonic - ndipo anapambana mphoto yoyamba. “Ndikukumbukira kuti oweruzawo anali oimba piyano onse aku Soviet odziwika kwambiri m’zaka zimenezo,” Nikolaev akunena za m’mbuyomo, “ndipo pakati pawo pali fano langa, Vladimir Vladimirovich Sofronitsky. Inde, ndinali ndi nkhawa kwambiri, makamaka popeza ndimayenera kusewera zidutswa za korona za "repertoire" yake - etudes (Op. 42), Scriabin's Fourth Sonata. Kupambana mu mpikisano umenewu kunandipatsa chidaliro mwa ine ndekha, mu mphamvu zanga. Mukayamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndikofunikira kwambiri. ”

Mu 1947, adapikisananso pa mpikisano wa piyano womwe unachitikira ngati gawo la Chikondwerero cha Achinyamata Oyamba ku Prague; apa ali pa malo achiwiri. Koma Leipzig adakhaladi wopambana wa kupambana kwa Nikolaeva: adakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri oimba - osati Soviet okha, komanso akunja, kwa wojambula wamng'onoyo, adatsegula zitseko za dziko lachiwonetsero chachikulu kwa iye. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mpikisano wa Leipzig mu 1950 inali nthawi yake yojambula bwino kwambiri. Okonzedwa kuti azikumbukira zaka 200 za imfa ya Bach, unali mpikisano woyamba wamtunduwu; pambuyo pake anakhala amwambo. Chinthu chinanso ndi chofunika kwambiri. Inali imodzi mwamisonkhano yoyamba yapadziko lonse ya oimba pambuyo pa nkhondo ku Ulaya ndipo kumveka kwake ku GDR, komanso m'mayiko ena, kunali kwakukulu kwambiri. Nikolaev, yemwe adatumizidwa ku Leipzig kuchokera ku unyamata wa limba wa USSR, anali pachimake. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, nyimbo yake inaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa ntchito za Bach; adadziwanso njira yokhutiritsa yowatanthauzira: Kupambana kwa woyimba piyano kunali kogwirizana komanso kosatsutsika (monga Igor Bezrodny wachichepere anali wopambana wosatsutsika wa oimba nyimbo panthawiyo); atolankhani aku Germany adamutcha "mfumukazi ya fugues".

"Koma kwa ine," Nikolaeva akupitiriza nkhani ya moyo wake, "chaka cha makumi asanu chinali chofunika osati chigonjetso Leipzig. Ndiye chochitika china chinachitika, tanthauzo limene ine sindingakhoze mopitirira muyeso - kudziwana ndi Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich. Pamodzi ndi PA Serebryakov Shostakovich anali membala wa oweruza a mpikisano Bach. Ndinali ndi mwayi wokumana naye, kumuwona pafupi, ndipo ngakhale - panali nkhani yotere - kutenga nawo mbali ndi Serebryakov pagulu la konsati ya katatu ya Bach ku D Minor. Chithumwa cha wotchedwa Dmitry Dmitrievich, kudzichepetsa kwapadera ndi ulemu wauzimu wa wojambula wamkulu uyu, sindidzaiwala.

Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, ndiyenera kunena kuti kudziwana ndi Shostakovich Nikolaeva sikunathe. Misonkhano yawo inapitirizabe ku Moscow. Pa kuitana wotchedwa Dmitry Dmitrievich Nikolaev, iye anapita kwa iye kangapo; iye anali woyamba kusewera ma preludes ambiri ndi fugues (Op. 87) zomwe adalenga panthawiyo: adakhulupirira maganizo ake, adakambirana naye. (Nikolaeva ndi wotsimikiza, mwa njira, kuti mkombero wotchuka "24 Preludes ndi Fugues" linalembedwa ndi Shostakovich molunjika pa zikondwerero Bach mu Leipzig ndipo, ndithudi, Clavier Well-Mtima, amene mobwerezabwereza anachita kumeneko) . Pambuyo pake, adakhala wofalitsa wachangu wa nyimbo iyi - anali woyamba kusewera kuzungulira konseko, adalemba pa ma galamafoni.

Kodi nkhope yojambula ya Nikolaeva inali yotani? Kodi maganizo a anthu amene anamuona pa chiyambi cha ntchito yake anali otani? Otsutsa amavomereza za Nikolaeva ngati "woyimba woyamba, wotanthauzira mozama, woganizira" (GM Kogan) (Kogan G. Mafunso a piyano. S. 440.). Iye, malinga ndi Ya. I. Milshtein, "amaphatikiza kufunikira kwakukulu pakupanga mapulani omveka bwino, kufunafuna chachikulu, kufotokozera lingaliro la magwiridwe antchito ... Uwu ndi luso lanzeru," akufotokoza mwachidule Ya. I. Milshtein, “… ndicholinga komanso watanthauzo kwambiri” (Milshtein Ya. I. Tatyana Nikolaeva // Sov. Music. 1950. No. 12. P. 76.). Akatswiri amawona sukulu yokhazikika ya Nikolaeva, kuwerenga kwake kolondola komanso kolondola kwa zolemba za wolemba; movomerezeka amalankhula za chibadwa chake cha kuchuluka, pafupifupi kukoma kosalephera. Ambiri amawona mu zonsezi dzanja la mphunzitsi wake, AB Goldenweiser, ndipo amamva chikoka chake cha kuphunzitsa.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kutsutsa kwakukulu nthaŵi zina kunaperekedwa kwa woyimba piyano. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa: fano lake laluso linali likungoyamba kumene, ndipo panthawi yotere zonse zikuwonekera - pluses ndi minuses, ubwino ndi kuipa, mphamvu za talente ndi zofooka zochepa. Tiyenera kumva kuti wojambula wachinyamata nthawi zina alibe uzimu wamkati, ndakatulo, malingaliro apamwamba, makamaka muzolemba zachikondi. "Ndimakumbukira bwino Nikolaeva kumayambiriro kwa ulendo wake," GM Kogan analemba pambuyo pake, "... panalibe chidwi chochepa komanso chithumwa pakusewera kwake kusiyana ndi chikhalidwe" (Kogan G. Mafunso a piyano. P. 440.). Madandaulo amapangidwanso okhudza phale la Nikolaeva la timbre; oimba ena amakhulupirira kuti phokoso la woimbayo ndi lopanda juicie, luso, kutentha, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa Nikolaeva: iye sanakhale wa iwo omwe amapinda manja awo - kaya mu kupambana, mu zolephera ... kuwululidwa ndi zowonekera zonse. "Ngati kale ku Nikolaeva chiyambi chomveka bwino anapambana pa maganizo, kuya ndi kulemera - pa luso ndi modzidzimutsa, - akulemba V. Yu. Delson mu 1961, - ndiye pakadali pano magawo osasiyanitsidwa aukadaulo kuthandizira wina ndi mnzake" (Delson V. Tatyana Nikolaeva // Soviet Music. 1961. No. 7. P. 88.). "... Nikolaeva wamakono ndi wosiyana ndi wakale," adatero GM Kogan mu 1964. "Anakwanitsa, popanda kutaya zomwe anali nazo, kuti apeze zomwe ankasowa. Masiku ano Nikolaeva ndi munthu wamphamvu, wochititsa chidwi, yemwe chikhalidwe chake chapamwamba komanso luso lake limaphatikizidwa ndi ufulu ndi luso lazojambula. (Kogan G. Mafunso a piyano. S. 440-441.).

Kuyang'ana zoimbaimba pambuyo kupambana pa mpikisano, Nikolaeva pa nthawi yomweyo sasiya chilakolako chake chakale zikuchokera. Kupeza nthawi yake pamene ntchito yoyendera alendo ikukulirakulira, komabe, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Ndipo komabe iye akuyesera kuti asapatuke ku ulamuliro wake: m'nyengo yozizira - makonsati, m'chilimwe - nkhani. Mu 1951, Concerto yake yoyamba ya Piano idasindikizidwa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, Nikolaeva analemba sonata (1949), "Polyphonic Triad" (1949), Kusiyana kwa Memory of N. Ya. Myaskovsky (1951), maphunziro a konsati 24 (1953), m'nthawi ina - Concerto Yachiwiri ya Piano (1968). Zonsezi zimaperekedwa kwa chida chomwe amachikonda kwambiri - piyano. Nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza nyimbo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa m'mapulogalamu a clavirabends, ngakhale akunena kuti "ichi ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri kuchita ndi zinthu zanu ...".

Mndandanda wa ntchito zolembedwa ndi iye mu zina, "omwe si piyano" Mitundu ikuwoneka yochititsa chidwi - symphony (1955), chithunzi cha orchestra "Borodino Field" (1965), chingwe quartet (1969), Trio (1958), Violin sonata (1955) ), Ndakatulo ya cello ndi orchestra (1968), nyimbo zingapo zamawu a chipinda, nyimbo za zisudzo ndi sinema.

Ndipo mu 1958, "polyphony" wa ntchito Nikolaeva kulenga anawonjezera wina, mzere watsopano - anayamba kuphunzitsa. (The Moscow Conservatory imamuitana.) Lerolino pali achinyamata ambiri aluso pakati pa ophunzira ake; ena adziwonetsera bwino pamipikisano yapadziko lonse - mwachitsanzo, M. Petukhov, B. Shagdaron, A. Batagov, N. Lugansky. Kuphunzira ndi ophunzira ake, Nikolaeva, malinga ndi iye, amadalira miyambo ya mbadwa ndi pafupi Russian limba sukulu zinachitikira mphunzitsi wake AB Goldenweiser. "Chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita komanso kukula kwa chidwi cha ophunzira, chidwi chawo komanso chidwi chawo, ndimayamika izi koposa zonse," amagawana malingaliro ake pazamaphunziro. "Mapulogalamu omwewo, ngakhale izi zidatsimikizira kulimbikira kwina kwa woimba wachinyamatayo. Tsoka ilo, masiku ano njira iyi ndi yamafashoni kuposa momwe timafunira ...

Mphunzitsi wasukulu yemwe amaphunzira ndi wophunzira waluso komanso wodalirika amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri masiku ano, "Nikolaeva akupitiriza. Ngati ndi choncho…Motani, mungawonetse bwanji kuti luso la wophunzira atapambana pampikisano - ndipo kuchuluka kwa womalizayo nthawi zambiri kumakhala mopambanitsa - sikuzimiririka, sikutaya momwe zinalili kale, sizikhala zongoyerekeza? Ndilo funso. Ndipo m'malingaliro anga, imodzi mwazambiri zamaphunziro amakono a nyimbo.

Nthaŵi ina, polankhula pamasamba a magazini ya Soviet Music, Nikolaeva analemba kuti: “Vuto lopitiriza maphunziro a achinyamata ochita sewero amene amakhala opambana koma osamaliza maphunziro awo kusukulu ya zamasewera likukulirakulira kwambiri. Kutengeka ndi zochitika zamakonsati, amasiya kulabadira maphunziro awo athunthu, omwe amaphwanya mgwirizano wa chitukuko chawo ndipo amasokoneza chithunzi chawo chopanga. Ayenerabe kuphunzira modekha, kupezeka pamisonkhano mosamala, kumva ngati ophunzira kwenikweni, osati "alendo" omwe amakhululukidwa zonse ... "Ndipo adamaliza motere:" ... maudindo opanga, kutsimikizira ena za credo yawo yolenga . Apa ndipamene vuto limabwera." (Nikolaeva T. Reflections pambuyo pomaliza: Kutsatira zotsatira za VI International Tchaikovsky Competition // Sov. Music. 1979. No. 2. P. 75, 74.). Nikolaeva mwiniwakeyo adakwanitsa kuthetsa vutoli panthawi yake - kukana pambuyo poyambirira komanso

kupambana kwakukulu. Anatha "kusunga zomwe adapambana, kulimbitsa udindo wake wopanga." Choyamba, chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwamkati, kudziletsa, kufuna kwamphamvu ndi chidaliro, komanso luso lokonzekera nthawi. Komanso chifukwa, alternating mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito, iye molimba mtima anapita kwa katundu wamkulu kulenga ndi superloads.

Pedagogy imachoka kwa Tatyana Petrovna nthawi zonse zomwe zimatsalira paulendo wamakonsati. Ndipo, ngakhale kuli tero, kuli kwenikweni lerolino pamene akudzimva bwino kwambiri kuposa ndi kale lonse kuti kulankhulana ndi achichepere kuli kofunika kwa iye: “M’pofunika kupitiriza ndi moyo, osati kukalamba m’moyo, kuti mumve ngati mmene iwo amamvera. kunena, kugunda kwamasiku ano. Ndiyeno winanso. Ngati mukuchita nawo ntchito yolenga ndipo mwaphunzirapo kanthu kena kofunikira komanso kosangalatsa mmenemo, nthawi zonse mudzakopeka kuuza ena. Zachilengedwe kwambiri. ”…

******

Nikolaev lero akuimira m'badwo wakale wa piano Soviet. Pankhani yake, osachepera kapena kupitilira - pafupifupi zaka 40 zamasewera opitilira konsati ndi machitidwe. Komabe, ntchito Tatiana Petrovna si kuchepa, iye amachitabe mwamphamvu ndi kuchita kwambiri. M'zaka khumi zapitazi, mwinanso kuposa kale. Zokwanira kunena kuti chiwerengero cha clavirabends yake chimafika pafupifupi 70-80 pa nyengo - chiwerengero chochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Sizovuta kulingalira kuti ndi "katundu" wotani amene ali pamaso pa ena. (“Zowonadi, nthaŵi zina zimakhala zovuta,” Tatyana Petrovna ananenapo nthaŵi ina, “komabe, makonsati mwina ndiwo chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa ine, motero ndidzaseŵera ndi kuseŵera bola ndili ndi mphamvu zokwanira.”)

Kwa zaka zambiri, kukopa kwa Nikolaeva ku malingaliro akuluakulu olembera sikunachepe. Nthawi zonse ankakonda kwambiri mapulogalamu akuluakulu, oimba nyimbo zochititsa chidwi; amawakonda mpaka lero. Pazikwangwani zamadzulo ake munthu amatha kuwona pafupifupi nyimbo zonse za Bach's clavier; wachita chimodzi chokha chachikulu cha Bach opus, The Art of Fugue, kangapo m'zaka zaposachedwa. Nthawi zambiri amatchula Goldberg Variations ndi Bach's Piano Concerto ku E Major (kawirikawiri mogwirizana ndi Lithuanian Chamber Orchestra yoyendetsedwa ndi S. Sondeckis). Mwachitsanzo, nyimbo zonse ziwirizi zidayimbidwa ndi iye pa "December Madzulo" (1987) ku Moscow, komwe adayimba atayitanidwa ndi S. Richter. Ma concerts ambiri a monograph adalengezedwanso ndi iye m'zaka za makumi asanu ndi atatu - Beethoven (wonse wa piano sonatas), Schumann, Scriabin, Rachmaninov, ndi zina zotero.

Koma mwina chisangalalo chachikulu chikupitiriza kumubweretsera ntchito ya Shostakovich Preludes ndi Fugues, zomwe, tikukumbukira, zakhala zikuphatikizidwa mu repertoire yake kuyambira 1951, ndiko kuti, kuyambira nthawi yomwe adalengedwa ndi wolemba. "Nthawi ikupita, ndipo maonekedwe aumunthu a Dmitriy Dmitrievich, ndithudi, amazimiririka pang'ono, amachotsedwa m'maganizo. Koma nyimbo zake, mosiyana, zikuyandikira pafupi ndi anthu. Ngati kale si onse amene ankadziwa kufunika kwake ndi kuya, tsopano zinthu zasintha: Ine pafupifupi sindimakumana ndi anthu amene ntchito Shostakovich sakanadzutsa chidwi kwambiri. Ndikhoza kuweruza izi ndi chidaliro, chifukwa ndimasewera ntchitozi m'makona onse a dziko lathu komanso kunja.

Mwa njira, posachedwapa ndapeza kuti ndizofunikira kupanga zojambula zatsopano za Shostakovich's Preludes ndi Fugues mu situdiyo ya Melodiya, chifukwa yapitayi, kuyambira zaka za m'ma XNUMX, ndi yachikale.

Chaka cha 1987 chinali chapadera kwambiri kwa Nikolaeva. Kuwonjezera pa "December Madzulo" otchulidwa pamwambapa, adayendera zikondwerero zazikulu za nyimbo ku Salzburg (Austria), Montpellier (France), Ansbach (West Germany). "Maulendo amtunduwu si ntchito yokha - ngakhale, ndithudi, choyamba ndi ntchito," akutero Tatyana Petrovna. Komabe, ndikufuna kutchula mfundo inanso. Maulendowa amabweretsa zowoneka bwino, zowoneka bwino - ndipo zaluso zikadakhala zotani popanda iwo? Mizinda yatsopano ndi mayiko, malo osungiramo zinthu zakale zatsopano ndi magulu omanga, kukumana ndi anthu atsopano - kumalemeretsa ndikukulitsa malingaliro anu! Mwachitsanzo, ndinachita chidwi kwambiri ndi kudziwana kwanga ndi Olivier Messiaen ndi mkazi wake, Madame Lariot (iye ndi woimba piyano, amaimba nyimbo zake zonse za piyano).

Kudziwana kumeneku kunachitika posachedwapa, m'nyengo yozizira ya 1988. Kuyang'ana pa maestro otchuka, omwe ali ndi zaka 80 ali ndi mphamvu komanso mphamvu zauzimu, mumaganiza mosasamala: uyu ndi amene muyenera kukhala wofanana naye. kutenga chitsanzo kuchokera…

Ndinaphunzira zinthu zambiri zothandiza kwa ine posachedwa pa chimodzi mwa zikondwerero, pamene ndinamva woimba wodabwitsa wa Negro Jessie Norman. Ndine woimira katswiri wina wanyimbo. Komabe, atapita kukaonana ndi ntchito yake, mosakayikira adawonjezeranso "piggy bank" yake ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali. Ndikuganiza kuti iyenera kuwonjezeredwa nthawi zonse komanso kulikonse, nthawi iliyonse. ”…

Nikolaeva nthawi zina anafunsidwa: pamene iye kupuma? Kodi amapumako pamaphunziro a nyimbo? "Ndipo ine, mukuwona, sinditopa ndi nyimbo," akuyankha. Ndipo sindikumvetsa momwe mungakhudzire nazo. Ndiko kuti, imvi, ochita mediocre, ndithudi, mukhoza kutopa, ndipo ngakhale mofulumira kwambiri. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti watopa ndi nyimbo ... "

Nthawi zambiri amakumbukira, polankhula pa nkhani zoterezi, woyimba zeze wodabwitsa wa Soviet David Fedorovich Oistrakh - nthawi ina anali ndi mwayi wopita naye kunja. "Zinali kale kwambiri, chapakati pa makumi asanu, paulendo wathu wogwirizana ku mayiko a Latin America - Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil. Zoimbaimba kumeneko zinayamba ndi kutha mochedwa - pakati pausiku; ndipo pamene tinabwerera ku hotela, titatopa, nthaŵi zambiri inali kale cha m’ma XNUMX koloko m’maŵa. Choncho, m'malo mopumula, David Fedorovich anati kwa ife, anzake: bwanji ngati ife kumvetsera nyimbo zabwino tsopano? (Malekodi amene anaseweredwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali anali atangotuluka kumene m’mashelufu a sitolo panthaŵiyo, ndipo Oistrakh anali wofunitsitsa kuwasonkhanitsa.) Kukana kunali kosatheka. Ngati aliyense wa ife sanasonyeze chidwi kwambiri, David Fedorovich angakwiye kwambiri: "Kodi simukonda nyimbo?" ...

Kotero chinthu chachikulu ndi kukonda nyimbo, akumaliza motero Tatyana Petrovna. Kenako padzakhala nthawi ndi mphamvu zokwanira pa chilichonse.”

Ayenerabe kulimbana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizinathetsedwe komanso zovuta pochita - ngakhale ali ndi chidziwitso komanso zaka zambiri akuchita. Amaona kuti zimenezi n’zachibadwa ndithu, chifukwa pokhapokha munthu atagonjetsa kukana kwa zinthuzo n’kupita patsogolo. “Moyo wanga wonse ndakhala ndikuvutika, mwachitsanzo, ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kulira kwa chida. Sikuti chilichonse pankhaniyi chinandikhutiritsa. Ndipo kudzudzula, kunena zoona, sikunandilole kukhazika mtima pansi. Tsopano, zikuwoneka, ndapeza zomwe ndimayembekezera, kapena, mulimonse, pafupi nazo. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mawa ndidzakhutitsidwa ndi zomwe zimandikomera lero.

Sukulu ya ku Russia ya kuimba kwa piano, Nikolaeva imapanga lingaliro lake, nthawi zonse imakhala yofewa, yomveka bwino. Izi zinaphunzitsidwa ndi KN Igumnov, ndi AB Goldenweiser, ndi oimba ena otchuka a m'badwo wakale. Choncho, akaona kuti achinyamata ena oimba piyano amachitira limba mwankhanza komanso mwano, "kugogoda", "kugunda", ndi zina zotero, zimamukhumudwitsa kwambiri. “Ndili ndi mantha kuti lero tikutaya miyambo yofunika kwambiri ya zisudzo zathu. Koma kutaya, kutaya china chake kumakhala kosavuta kuposa kupulumutsa ... "

Ndipo chinthu chinanso ndi nkhani ya kusinkhasinkha mosalekeza ndi kufufuza Nikolaeva. Kuphweka kwa mawu oimba .. Kuphweka kumeneko, mwachibadwa, kumveka bwino kwa kalembedwe, komwe ambiri (ngati si onse) ojambula pamapeto pake amafika, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu ndi zojambulajambula zomwe amaimira. A. France nthaŵi ina analemba kuti: “Pamene ndikukhala ndi moyo wautali, m’pamenenso ndimadzimva kukhala wamphamvu: palibe Chokongola, chimene panthaŵi imodzimodziyo sichingakhale chophweka.” Nikolaeva amavomereza kwathunthu mawu awa. Ndiwo njira yabwino kwambiri yofotokozera zomwe zikuwoneka kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pazaluso zaluso. "Ndingowonjezera kuti mu ntchito yanga, kuphweka komwe kumafunsidwa kumabwera makamaka ku vuto la siteji ya wojambulayo. Vuto la kukhala ndi moyo wabwino mkati mwa ntchito. Mutha kumva mosiyana musanapite pa siteji - bwino kapena moyipitsitsa. Koma ngati munthu apambana kudzikonza yekha m'maganizo ndikulowa m'dziko lomwe ndikunena, chinthu chachikulu, chomwe angaganizire, chachitika kale. Ndizovuta kufotokoza zonsezi m'mawu, koma ndi chidziwitso, ndikuchita, mumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zomverera izi ...

Chabwino, pamtima pa chilichonse, ndikuganiza, ndizosavuta komanso zachirengedwe zaumunthu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zisungidwe ... Palibe chifukwa chopangira kapena kupanga chilichonse. Mumangofunika kumvetsera nokha ndi kuyesetsa kulankhula zoona zenizeni, mwachindunji mu nyimbo. Ndicho chinsinsi chonse.”

...Mwina, si zonse zotheka kwa Nikolaeva mofanana. Ndipo zotsatira zenizeni zopanga, mwachiwonekere, sizimagwirizana nthawi zonse ndi zomwe zimapangidwira. Mwinamwake, mmodzi wa anzake "sadzagwirizana" naye, amakonda chinthu china mu piyano; kwa ena, matanthauzidwe ake sangawonekere okhutiritsa. Osati kale kwambiri, mu March 1987, Nikolaeva anapereka gulu la clavier mu Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory, akulipereka kwa Scriabin; m'modzi mwa owunikira pamwambowu adadzudzula woyimba piyano chifukwa cha "malingaliro abwino adziko lapansi" m'mabuku a Scriabin, adanena kuti alibe sewero lenileni, zovuta zamkati, nkhawa, mikangano yayikulu: "Chilichonse chimachitika mwanjira ina mwachilengedwe ... mu mzimu wa Arensky. (Sov. nyimbo. 1987 No. 7. S. 60, 61.). Chabwino, aliyense amamva nyimbo mwanjira yake: imodzi - kotero, ina - mosiyana. Ndi chiyani chomwe chingakhale chachilengedwe?

Palinso chinthu china chofunika kwambiri. Mfundo yakuti Nikolaeva akadali paulendo, mu ntchito mosatopa ndi amphamvu; kuti akadali, monga kale, samadzikonda, amakhalabe ndi "mawonekedwe" abwino a piyano. Kunena zowona, sakhala ndi moyo ndi dzulo mu luso, koma lero ndi mawa. Kodi iyi si chinsinsi cha tsogolo lake losangalatsa komanso moyo wautali waluso?

G. Tsypin, 1990