Timpani: kufotokoza kwa chida, kapangidwe, mbiri, phokoso, kusewera njira

Timpani ali m'gulu la zida zoimbira zomwe zidawoneka m'nthawi zakale, koma sanataye kufunika kwake mpaka pano: mawu awo amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana kotero kuti oimba, kuyambira akale mpaka jazzmen, amagwiritsa ntchito molimbika kupanga, kuchita ntchito zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Timpani ndi chiyani

Timpani ndi chida choimbira chomwe chimakhala ndi mawu akutiakuti. Amakhala ndi mbale zingapo (nthawi zambiri kuyambira 2 mpaka 7), zofanana ndi ma boilers mu mawonekedwe. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndizitsulo (nthawi zambiri - mkuwa, zochepa - siliva, aluminiyamu). Gawo lotembenuzidwa kwa woimba (chapamwamba), pulasitiki kapena yokutidwa ndi chikopa, zitsanzo zina zili ndi dzenje la resonator pansi.

Phokosoli limatulutsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo zapadera zokhala ndi nsonga yozungulira. Zinthu zomwe timitengozo zimapangidwira zimakhudza kutalika, kudzaza, ndi kuya kwa mawu.

Mitundu yamitundu yonse yomwe ilipo ya timpani (yaikulu, yapakatikati, yaying'ono) imakhala yofanana ndi octave.

chipangizo

Gawo lalikulu la chidacho ndi chitsulo chochuluka. M'mimba mwake, kutengera chitsanzo, zosiyanasiyana ndi 30-80 cm. Kukula kwa thupi kumakhala kocheperako, kumveka kwa timpani kumakwera.

Tsatanetsatane wofunikira ndi nembanemba yomwe imagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kochokera pamwamba. Imagwiridwa ndi hoop yokhazikika ndi zomangira. Zitsulo zimatha kumangirizidwa mwamphamvu kapena kumasulidwa - timbre, kutalika kwa phokoso lochotsedwa kumadalira izi.

Maonekedwe a thupi amakhudzanso phokoso: hemispherical imodzi imapangitsa kuti chipangizocho chimveke mokweza, chofananira chimapangitsa kuti chimveke.

Kuipa kwa ma model okhala ndi screw mechanism ndikulephera kusintha masinthidwe panthawi ya Sewero.

Zojambula zokhala ndi ma pedals ndizodziwika kwambiri. Makina apadera amakulolani kuti musinthe mawonekedwe nthawi iliyonse, komanso ali ndi luso lapamwamba lopanga mawu.

Chofunika kwambiri chowonjezera pamapangidwe akuluakulu ndi timitengo. Ndi iwo, woyimba amamenya nembanemba, akupeza mawu ofunikira. Ndodo zimapangidwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, kusankha komwe kumakhudza phokoso (zosankha zambiri ndi bango, zitsulo, matabwa).

History

Timpani amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zida zakale kwambiri zoimbira padziko lapansi, mbiri yawo imayamba kalekale nthawi yathu isanabwere. Mitundu ina ya ng'oma zooneka ngati cauldron inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Agiriki akale - maphokoso amphamvu ankaopseza adani nkhondo isanayambe. Oimira Mesopotamiya anali ndi zipangizo zofanana.

Ng'oma zankhondo zidayendera ku Europe m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Mwachionekere, iwo anabweretsedwa kuchokera Kummawa ndi ankhondo ankhondo zamtanda. Poyambirira, chidwi chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolinga zankhondo: nkhondo ya timpani ankalamulira zochita za apakavalo.

M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, chidachi chinkawoneka ngati chofanana ndi chamakono. M'zaka za m'ma XVII adadziwika kwa oimba omwe akuchita ntchito zakale. Olemba nyimbo otchuka (J. Bach, R. Strauss, G. Berlioz, L. Beethoven) analemba zigawo za timpani.

Pambuyo pake, chidacho chinasiya kukhala katundu wa classics okha. Ndiwotchuka pakati pa oimba a pop, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oimba a neo-folk jazz.

Timpani kusewera njira

Wosewerayo ali ndi zidule zochepa chabe za Sewero:

• Kumenyedwa kumodzi. Njira yodziwika yomwe imakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito reel imodzi kapena zingapo nthawi imodzi. Mwa mphamvu ya kukhudza, pafupipafupi kukhudza nembanemba, wokonda nyimbo amatulutsa phokoso la kutalika kulikonse, timbre, voliyumu.
• Tremolo. Amaganiza kugwiritsa ntchito timpani imodzi kapena ziwiri. Kulandila kumakhala ndi kubwereza kobwerezabwereza kwa mawu amodzi, mawu awiri osiyana, ma consonances.
• Glissando. Nyimbo zofananira zimatha kupezeka poyimba nyimbo pa chida chokhala ndi makina opondaponda. Ndi izo, pali kusintha kosalala kuchokera ku phokoso kupita ku phokoso.

Osewera odziwika bwino a timpani

Pakati pa oimba omwe amaimba bwino timpani, pali makamaka Azungu:

• Siegfried Fink, mphunzitsi, wolemba nyimbo (Germany);
• Anatoly Ivanov, wochititsa, percussionist, mphunzitsi (Russia);
• James Blades, woimba nyimbo, wolemba mabuku okhudza zida zoimbira (UK);
• Eduard Galoyan, mphunzitsi, wojambula wa symphony orchestra (USSR);
• Victor Grishin, wolemba, pulofesa, wolemba ntchito za sayansi (Russia).