Clavichord - wotsogolera piyano

CLAVICHORD (mochedwa Latin clavichordium, kuchokera ku Latin clavis - key and Greek χορδή - string) - chida chaching'ono cha zingwe zoyimba - ndi amodzi mwa omwe amatsogolera piyano.

Kunja, clavichord imawoneka ngati piyano. Zigawo zake zimakhalanso ndi kiyibodi ndi maimidwe anayi. Komabe, apa ndi pamene kufanana kumathera. Phokoso la clavichord linatulutsidwa chifukwa cha makina a tangent. Kodi njira yoteroyo inali yotani? Pamapeto pa fungulo, clavichord ili ndi pini yachitsulo yokhala ndi mutu wathyathyathya - tangent (kuchokera ku Latin tangens - kukhudza, kukhudza), yomwe, pamene fungulo likuphwanyidwa, limakhudza chingwe ndikukhalabe likukanikiza, kugawanitsa chingwecho. mu magawo 2:

1. kunjenjemera momasuka ndi kutulutsa mawu;
2. yokutidwa ndi nsalu yofewa.

Kutengera ndi pomwe tanjentiyo yakhudza, chingwechi chikhoza kutulutsa mawu osiyanasiyana.

Clavichords anali amitundu iwiri:

• omwe adagwiritsa ntchito chingwe chofanana ndi ma toni osiyanasiyana - otchedwa clavichords olumikizidwa - ma tangents a makiyi a 2-3 adachita pa chingwe chimodzi (mwachitsanzo, mu clavichords ndi makiyi 46, kuchuluka kwa zingwe kunali 22-26);
• omwe kamvekedwe kake (kiyi) ali ndi chingwe chake - "zaulere" clavichords - mwa iwo fungulo lililonse limagwirizana ndi chingwe chapadera.

(A/B) makiyi; (1A/1B) PTTs (zitsulo); (2A/2B) makiyi; (3) chingwe (modekha, gawo lake lomveka pamene tangent igwidwa); (4) mawu omveka; (5) pini yosinthira; (6) damper

Nthawi zina octave yapansi ya clavichord idafupikitsidwa - pang'ono diatonic. Kutentha ndi kufotokozera, kukoma mtima ndi kutsekemera kwa phokoso la chidacho kumatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yapadera yopangira phokoso - mosamala, ngati zokwawa kukhudza fungulo. Kugwedeza pang'ono fungulo losindikizidwa (logwirizanitsidwa ndi chingwe), zinali zotheka kupereka phokoso kugwedezeka. Njirayi inakhala njira yodziwika bwino yosewera clavichord, zomwe zinali zosatheka pazida zina za kiyibodi.

Mbiri ndi mawonekedwe

Clavichord ndi chimodzi mwa zida zakale kwambiri za kiyibodi ndipo zimachokera ku monochord yakale. Dzina lakuti "clavichord" linatchulidwa koyamba m'mabuku a 1396, ndipo chida chakale kwambiri chomwe chinapulumuka chinapangidwa mu 1543 ndi Domenicus Pisaurensis ndipo tsopano chili ku Leipzig Museum of Musical Instruments.

Clavichord inafalitsidwa m'mayiko onse a ku Ulaya. Poyambirira, inali ndi mawonekedwe a bokosi lamakona anayi ndikugona patebulo panthawi yamasewera. Kenako thupilo linali ndi miyendo. Miyeso ya clavichord idachokera ku zida zazing'ono (octave) zooneka ngati buku mpaka zazikulu, zokhala ndi thupi mpaka 1,5 metres. Chiwerengero cha ma octave poyambilira chinali awiri ndi theka, koma kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la XNUMX adakwera mpaka anayi, ndipo pambuyo pake adafanana ndi ma octave asanu.

Wolemba ndi clavichord

 Kwa clavichord, ntchito zidapangidwa ndi oimba odziwika bwino monga IS Bach, mwana wake CFE Bach, VA Mozart komanso L. van Beethoven (ngakhale pa nthawi yomaliza, piyano idabwera m'mafashoni mwachangu komanso mwachangu - chida chomwe Beethoven ankakonda kwambiri). Chifukwa cha phokoso lake lopanda phokoso, clavichord ankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'banja komanso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19. pamapeto pake adalowa m'malo mwa pianoforte.