Clavicytherium

The claviciterium, kapena claviciterium (French clavecin vertical; Italian cembalo verticale, Middle Latin clavicytherium - "keyboard cithara") ndi mtundu wa harpsichord wokhala ndi dongosolo lolunjika la thupi ndi zingwe (French clavecin vertical; Italian cembalo verticale).

Monga piyano, harpsichord inatenga malo ambiri, kotero kuti posakhalitsa inalengedwa, yomwe imatchedwa "claviciterium". Chinali chida chaudongo, chophatikizika, ngati zeze wokhala ndi kiyibodi.

Kuti zitheke kusewera, kiyibodi ya claviciterium idakhalabe yopingasa, pokhala mu ndege yolunjika ku ndege ya zingwe, ndipo makina amasewera adalandira mapangidwe osiyana pang'ono otumizira kusuntha kuchokera kumalekezero akumbuyo a makiyi kwa odumpha. , zomwe zinaikidwanso pamalo opingasa.

Chivundikiro chakutsogolo cha claviciterium nthawi zambiri chimatsegulidwa ikaseweredwa, phokosolo limayenda momasuka ndikukhala lamphamvu kuposa zida zina zodulira zamitundu yofanana.

Claviciterium idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati solo, chipinda choyimba komanso chida cha orchestral.

Mwachizoloŵezi, zida za m'zaka za m'ma 17 ndi 18 zinali zokongoletsedwa bwino ndi zojambula, zojambulajambula ndi zojambula.

 Imodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya kujambula inali zithunzi za m’Baibulo zosonyeza zida zoimbira.

Mwachitsanzo, m’maganizo a anthu a ku Ulaya a m’zaka za m’ma 1 mpaka m’ma 16 mpaka m’ma Middle Ages, zeze ankagwirizana kwambiri ndi Mfumu Davide wa m’Baibulo, yemwe anali wolemba masalmo. Pazojambula, nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa akusewera chida ichi pamene akuweta ng'ombe (Davide anali m'busa ali wamng'ono). Kutanthauzira koteroko kwa nkhani ya m'Baibulo kunabweretsa Mfumu Davide pafupi ndi Orpheus, yemwe ankaweta nyama ndi kuimba kwake kwa zeze. Koma kaŵirikaŵiri Davide angawonedwe akuimba ndi zeze pamaso pa Sauli wachisoniyo: “Ndipo Sauli anatumiza uthenga kwa Jese, nati, Davide anditumikire, pakuti anandikomera mtima; Ndipo pamene mzimu wochokera kwa Mulungu unali pa Sauli, ndiye Davide, kutenga zeze, kuimba, ndipo Sauli anasangalala kwambiri ndi bwino, ndi mzimu woipa unachoka mwa iye "(22 Mafumu, 23: XNUMX-XNUMX).

Njira yabwino yopangira nyimbo idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wojambula wosadziwika wa ku Bohemian wazaka za zana la XNUMX, yemwe adakongoletsa chipindacho ndi penti yake, pomwe adawonetsa Mfumu Davide akuimba zeze. Panthawiyi, chida ichi chili ku New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Claviciterium yakale kwambiri yomwe yatsala imasungidwa ku Royal College of Music ku London. Akuyembekezeka kukhala pafupifupi 1480 kupanga. Ayenera kupangidwa ku Southern Germany, ku Ulm kapena Nuremberg.