Kalimba: ndi chiyani, kapangidwe ka zida, mawu, mbiri, kusewera, kusankha

Zochitika zofunika m'moyo wa Africa, maholide ndi misonkhano ya atsogoleri a mafuko ndithudi zinatsagana ndi phokoso la mbira. Dzinali limati “amalankhula ndi mawu a makolo ake.” Nyimbo zomwe zimayimbidwa ndi chidacho zitha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi mawu - odekha komanso odekha kapena kusokoneza mwankhondo. Masiku ano, kalimba sichinataye kufunikira kwake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida cha anthu, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zikondwerero za solo komanso kutsagana ndi mawu ophatikizana.

chipangizo

Dziko lakwawo la Kalimba ndi kontinenti ya Africa. Anthu am'deralo amaona kuti ndi dziko, amachirikiza miyambo ya makolo pogwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe. Kutanthauziridwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha komweko, dzina la chidacho limatanthauza "nyimbo zazing'ono". Chipangizocho ndi chosavuta. Mlandu wamatabwa wokhala ndi dzenje lozungulira umakhala ngati resonator. Itha kukhala yolimba kapena yopanda kanthu, yopangidwa kuchokera kumitengo, dzungu zouma kapena chipolopolo cha kamba.

Pamwamba pa nkhaniyi pali malirime. M'mbuyomu, adapangidwa kuchokera ku nsungwi kapena mitundu ina yamatabwa. Masiku ano, chida chokhala ndi mabango achitsulo ndichofala kwambiri. Palibe nambala yokhazikika ya mbale. Chiwerengero chawo chikhoza kusiyana ndi 4 mpaka 100. Kukula ndi kutalika ndi zosiyana. Malirime amamangiriridwa ku sill. Maonekedwe a thupi akhoza kukhala amakona anayi kapena lalikulu. Pali mitundu yachilendo yopangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a mitu ya nyama kapena nsomba.

Kodi kalimba kakumveka bwanji?

Chida choimbiracho ndi cha banja la zilankhulo zakuthyola bango. Phokoso limadalira zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira, kukula kwa thupi, kutalika ndi chiwerengero cha mabango. Kusintha kwa chidacho ndi chromatic, kukulolani kuti muzisewera manotsi amodzi ndi nyimbo.

Ma mbalewa amafanana ndi makiyi a piyano, ndichifukwa chake mbira imatchedwanso "piyano yamanja yaku Africa". Phokoso limadalira kukula kwa bango, kukula kwake, kutsika kwa phokoso. Mabale amfupi amakhala ndi mawu apamwamba. Gamma imayambira pakati pomwe pali mbale zazitali kwambiri. Pazala za piyano zozoloŵereka, mawu ake amakwera kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja.

Kwa zaka zambiri, kalimba sichinayambe kukhudzidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Ulaya, koma palinso zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi chikhalidwe.

History

Pa miyambo yachipembedzo, anthu a ku Africa kuno ankagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zotulutsira mawu potulutsa mawu. Choncho, n’zosatheka kuona mbira ngati chida chakale. Awa ndi oyimira ena angapo omwe adawonekera ndikuzimiririka, kubadwanso kwatsopano komanso kusinthika kwawo.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Africa ndi America kudapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri akapolo atuluke kuchokera kudera la kontinenti kupita ku magombe a Antilles ndi Cuba. Akapolo sankaloledwa kutenga katundu wawo, koma oyang’anira sanawalande kalimba kakang’ono. Choncho mbira inafala kwambiri, oimbawo anasintha kamangidwe kake, n’kuyesa zinthu, kukula kwake, ndi kaonekedwe kake. Mitundu yatsopano ya zida zofananira idawonekera: likembe, lala, sanza, ndandu.

Mu 1924, wofufuza wa ku America wa nyimbo zamtundu Hugh Tracy, paulendo wopita ku Africa, anakumana ndi kalimba yodabwitsa, yomwe inamusangalatsa kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, akadzabwerera kudziko lakwawo, adzatsegula fakitale yopangira zida zenizeni. Ntchito ya moyo wake inali kusintha kwa nyimbo, zomwe zinali zosiyana ndi zomwe zinkachitika Kumadzulo ndipo sizinalole kuti nyimbo za ku Ulaya ziziyimbidwe mu "do", "re", "mi" ... Kuyesa, adapanga makope oposa 100 zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kupanga nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za olemba otchuka ndi mawu odabwitsa a ku Africa.

Hugh Tracy adayambitsa African Music Festival, yomwe imachitika ku Grahamstown, adapanga laibulale yapadziko lonse lapansi yokhala ndi ntchito za anthu a kontinenti, adapanga ma rekodi masauzande ambiri. Malo ake abanja akupangabe makalimba ndi manja. Bizinesi ya Tracy ikupitirizidwa ndi ana ake aamuna.

Mitundu ya Kalimb

Pangani chida choimbira ku Germany ndi South America. Mwachidziwitso, mitunduyo imagawidwa kukhala yolimba - njira yosavuta komanso ya bajeti, ndi yopanda kanthu - yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri. Kujambula kolondola kwa nyimbo za bass zachi Africa ndizotheka pazitsanzo zazikulu. Zing'onozing'ono zimamveka zokongola, zofatsa, zowonekera.

Mafakitale otchuka kwambiri omwe amapanga lammelafons ndi mtundu wa woimba waku Germany P. Hokem ndi kampani ya H. Tracy. A Kalimba a ku Hokul atsala pang'ono kutaya dzina lawo loyambirira, tsopano ndi ma sansula. Kusiyana kwawo ndi a Malimba pa nkhani yozungulira. Sansula imawoneka ngati metallophone yoyikidwa pa ng'oma.

Kalimba Tracy ndi wachikhalidwe. Popanga, amayesetsa kutsatira miyezo yoyambirira, pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zokha. Thupi la resonator limapangidwa ndi matabwa omwe amamera ku Africa kokha. Choncho, chidacho chimakhalabe ndi mawu ake enieni.

Chida ntchito

Kalimba amakhalabe wachikhalidwe cha anthu aku South Africa, Cuba, Madagascar. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zonse, pazochitika zachipembedzo, pa maholide, zikondwerero. Zitsanzo zing'onozing'ono zimalowa mosavuta m'thumba, zimanyamulidwa nazo ndikudzisangalatsa okha komanso anthu m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kalimba popanda resonator ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya "thumba".

"Piyano Yamanja" imagwiritsidwa ntchito potsagana ndi ma ensembles ndi solo. Mafuko amagwiritsa ntchito ma mbiras omwe amatha kulumikizana ndi kompyuta, amplifier. Pali kalimba ya octave asanu, m'lifupi mwake "kiyibodi" yomwe ili pafupi ndi limba.

Momwe mungasewere kalimba

Mbiru imagwiridwa ndi manja awiri, zala zazikulu zimakhudzidwa ndi kutulutsa mawu. Nthawi zina amayikidwa pa mawondo ake, kotero woimbayo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zala zazikulu ndi zala zakutsogolo. Ma Calimbists amaimba molimba mtima ngakhale akuyenda, nthawi zina nyundo yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumenya mabango. Njira ya Sewero sizovuta monga momwe zingawonekere. Munthu wakumva amatha kuphunzira kusewera piyano yamanja mosavuta.

Momwe mungasankhire kalimba

Posankha chida, munthu ayenera kuganizira zonse zakunja zokongoletsa komanso zomveka. Ndi bwino kuti woimba wa novice asankhe kope laling'ono ndi bokosi laling'ono kapena lolimba kwathunthu. Popeza mwaphunzira kuyisewera, mutha kupita ku chida chokulirapo, chovuta kwambiri.

Sikelo imadalira kuchuluka kwa mabango. Choncho, woyambitsa, kusankha kalimba, ayenera kusankha ngati adzasewera ntchito zovuta kapena akufuna kuimba nyimbo za moyo, kuchita nyimbo zosavuta. Woyambayo adzathandizidwa kusewera nyundo yapadera, sizingakhale zosayenera kugula phunziro ndi zomata pamalirime - zidzakuthandizani kuti musasokonezedwe muzolemba.