Tito Schipa (Tito Schipa) |

Titus Schipa

Dzina la woyimba waku Italiya Skipa limatchulidwa nthawi zonse pakati pa mayina odziwika bwino kwambiri mzaka zoyambirira za zana la XNUMX. VV Timokhin analemba kuti: “… Skipa anatchuka kwambiri monga woimba nyimbo. Mawu ake ankasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa nuances ofotokoza, iye anagonjetsa mwachifundo ndi kufewa kwa phokoso, plasticity osowa ndi kukongola kwa cantilena.

Tito Skipa anabadwa pa January 2, 1889 kum'mwera kwa Italy, mumzinda wa Lecce. Mnyamatayo ankakonda kuimba kuyambira ali mwana. Kale ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, Tito anaimba mu kwaya ya tchalitchi.

I. Ryabova analemba kuti: “Magulu a zisudzo nthawi zambiri ankabwera ku Lecce, n'kumalemba ana ang'onoang'ono kuti alowe kwaya yawo yosakhalitsa m'bwalo lawo la zisudzo. -Tito Wamng'ono anali wofunikira kwambiri pamasewera onse. Bishopuyo nthaŵi ina anamva mnyamatayo akuimba, ndipo ataitanidwa, Skipa anayamba kupita ku seminare ya zaumulungu, kumene zochita zake zokonda zinali maphunziro a nyimbo ndi kwaya. Ku seminare, Tito Skipa anayamba kuphunzira kuimba ndi wotchuka m'deralo - ankachita masewera woyimba A. Gerunda, ndipo posakhalitsa anakhala wophunzira pa Conservatory mu Lecce, kumene amapita ku makalasi piyano, nyimbo chiphunzitso ndi zikuchokera.

Pambuyo pake, Skipa nayenso anaphunzira kuimba ku Milan ndi mphunzitsi wotchuka wa mawu E. Piccoli. Womalizayo anathandiza wophunzira wake kuti apange kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake mu 1910 pa siteji ya opera mzinda wa Vercelli monga Alfred mu Verdi opera La traviata. Posakhalitsa Tito anasamukira ku likulu la Italy. Zochita ku Costanci Theatre zimabweretsa kupambana kwakukulu kwa wojambula wachinyamatayo, zomwe zimamutsegulira njira yopita ku zisudzo zazikulu kwambiri zapakhomo ndi zakunja.

Mu 1913, Skipa akusambira kudutsa nyanja ndikuchita ku Argentina ndi Brazil. Pobwerera kunyumba, amaimbanso ku Costanzi, ndiyeno ku Neapolitan Theatre San Carlo. Mu 1915, woimbayo adayamba ku La Scala monga Vladimir Igorevich ku Prince Igor; kenako amachita gawo la De Grieux ku Manon's Massenet. Mu 1917, ku Monte Carlo, Skipa anaimba gawo la Ruggiero pamasewero oyambirira a opera ya Puccini The Swallow. mobwerezabwereza wojambula amachita ku Madrid ndi Lisbon, ndi bwino kwambiri.

Mu 1919, Tito anasamukira ku United States, ndipo anakhala mmodzi wa oimba solo otsogola a Chicago Opera House, kumene anaimba kuchokera mu 1920 mpaka 1932. Komano nthaŵi zambiri amayendayenda ku Ulaya ndi mizinda ina ya ku America. Kuyambira 1929, Tito adachita nawo nthawi ndi nthawi ku La Scala. Pamaulendo amenewa, wojambula amakumana ndi oimba odziwika bwino, akuyimba m'masewero omwe amachitidwa ndi otsogolera akuluakulu. Tito adayenera kuchita pa siteji komanso pamodzi ndi oimba otchuka kwambiri panthawiyo. Nthawi zambiri mnzake anali woimba wotchuka A. Galli-Curci. Kawiri Skipa anali ndi mwayi woimba limodzi ndi FI Chaliapin, mu Rossini's The Barber of Seville ku La Scala mu 1928 komanso ku Colon Theatre (Buenos Aires) mu 1930.

Misonkhano ndi Chaliapin idasiya chizindikiro chosaiwalika pamtima wa Tito Skipa. Pambuyo pake, analemba kuti: “M’moyo wanga ndakumana ndi anthu odziwika bwino, akulu ndi anzeru, koma Fyodor Chaliapin amawaposa ngati Mont Blanc. Anaphatikiza mikhalidwe yosowa ya wojambula wamkulu, wanzeru - operekera komanso odabwitsa. Sikuti zaka zana lililonse zimapatsa dziko munthu woteroyo.

M'zaka za m'ma 30, Skipa ali pachimake cha kutchuka. Analandira kuitanidwa ku Metropolitan Opera, komwe mu 1932 adachita bwino kwambiri mu Love Potion ya Donizetti, kukhala wolowa m'malo woyenera ku miyambo ya Beniamino Gigli wotchuka, yemwe adangochoka kumene ku zisudzo. Ku New York, wojambulayo amachita mpaka 1935. Anaimba kwa nyengo ina ku Metropolitan Opera mu 1940/41.

Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, Skipa adachita ku Italy komanso m'mizinda yambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 1955 anasiya siteji ya opera, koma anakhalabe ngati woimba konsati. Amathera nthawi yochuluka ku zochitika zamagulu ndi nyimbo, kupereka chidziwitso chake ndi luso lake kwa oimba achichepere. Skipa amatsogolera makalasi oimba m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya ku Europe.

Mu 1957, woimbayo anapita ku USSR, akuchita Moscow, Leningrad ndi Riga. Ndiye iye wapampando woweruza wa mpikisano mawu a VI World Chikondwerero cha Achinyamata ndi Ophunzira ku Moscow.

Mu 1962, woimbayo adatsazikana ku United States. Skipa anamwalira pa December 16, 1965 ku New York.

Katswiri wodziwika bwino wanyimbo wa ku Italy, Celetti, yemwe analemba mawu oyamba a zolemba za Skipa, zomwe zidasindikizidwa ku Roma mu 1961, akuti woyimba uyu adachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya zisudzo za ku Italy, zomwe zidakhudza zomwe anthu amakonda komanso ntchito ya mnzake. ojambula ndi luso lake.

"Kale m'zaka za m'ma 20, anali patsogolo pa zofuna za anthu," akutero Cheletti, "kukana kugwiritsa ntchito phokoso la banal, pokhala wotchuka chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake kwa mawu, kusamala kwa mawu. Ndipo ngati mukukhulupirira kuti bel canto ndi nyimbo yachilengedwe, ndiye kuti Skipa ndiye woyimilira bwino. ”

I. Ryabova analemba kuti: "Nyimbo za woimbayo zinatsimikiziridwa ndi chikhalidwe cha mawu ake, nyimbo zofewa. - Zokonda za wojambulayo zinkangoyang'ana kwambiri pa ma opera a Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, pazigawo zina za Verdi. Woyimba-wojambula waluso kwambiri, yemwe ali ndi nyimbo zodabwitsa, luso labwino kwambiri, kupsa mtima, Skipa adapanga gulu lonse la zithunzi zomveka bwino za nyimbo ndi siteji. Ena mwa iwo ndi Almaviva mu Rossini's The Barber of Seville, Edgar ku Lucia di Lammermoor ndi Nemorino mu Potion of Love ya Donizetti, Elvino mu La Sonnambula ya Bellini, Duke ku Rigoletto ndi Alfred mu La Traviata ya Verdi. Skipa amadziwikanso kuti ndi wochititsa chidwi kwambiri pazisudzo za oimba achi French. Zina mwa zolengedwa zake zabwino kwambiri ndi maudindo a Des Grieux ndi Werther mu masewero a J. Massenet, Gerald ku Lakma ndi L. Delibes. Wojambula wa chikhalidwe chapamwamba cha nyimbo, Skipa anatha kupanga zithunzi zosaiŵalika za mawu mu V.-A. Mozart".

Monga woimba wa konsati, Skipa makamaka ankaimba nyimbo zachi Spanish ndi Italy. Ndi m'modzi mwa oimba bwino kwambiri nyimbo za Neapolitan. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, zojambula za wojambula zimaphatikizidwa muzolemba zonse zomveka za nyimbo ya Neapolitan yofalitsidwa kunja. Skipa analembedwa mobwerezabwereza pa zolemba za galamafoni - mwachitsanzo, opera Don Pasquale inalembedwa kwathunthu ndi kutenga nawo mbali.

Wojambulayo adawonetsa luso lapamwamba ndikusewera m'mafilimu ambiri oimba. Imodzi mwa mafilimuwa - "Arias Wokondedwa" - adawonetsedwa pazithunzi za dziko lathu.

Skipa nayenso anatchuka monga wolemba nyimbo. Iye ndi mlembi wa nyimbo zakwaya ndi piyano ndi nyimbo. Zina mwa ntchito zake zazikulu ndi Misa. Mu 1929 analemba operetta "Mfumukazi Liana", yomwe inachitikira ku Rome mu 1935.