Kemancha: kufotokoza kwa chida, zikuchokera, mbiri, mitundu, kusewera njira

Kemancha ndi chida choimbira cha zingwe. Ndi wa kalasi ya uta. Amagawidwa ku Caucasus, Middle East, Greece ndi madera ena.

Mbiri ya chida

Persia imatengedwa kuti ndi nyumba ya makolo a Kamancha. Zithunzi zakale kwambiri za chida chowerama cha ku Perisiya zidayamba m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. Zambiri zokhudza chiyambi cha chidacho zili m'mabuku a Persian musical theorist Abdulgadir Maragi.

Kholo la ku Perisiya linasiyanitsidwa ndi mapangidwe oyambirira a zaka mazana amenewo. Fretboard inali yayitali komanso yopanda zikhadabo, zomwe zimapatsa mwayi wowonjezera. Zikhomo ndi zazikulu. Khosi linali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Mbali yakutsogolo ya mlanduyo idapangidwa kuchokera kukhungu la zokwawa ndi nsomba. Spire imachokera pansi pa thupi.

Chiwerengero cha zingwe 3-4. Palibe dongosolo limodzi, kemancha idasinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe kamancha amakonda. Oimba amakono aku Iran amagwiritsa ntchito violin.

Kutulutsa mawu kuchokera ku kemenche ya Perisiya, uta wa kavalo wozungulira umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Akamayimba, woyimbayo amapumitsa sipireyo pansi kuti akonze chidacho.

Zosiyanasiyana

Pali mitundu ingapo ya zida zomwe zitha kutchedwa kemancha. Amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ofanana a thupi, chiwerengero cha zingwe, malamulo a Masewera ndi muzu womwewo mu dzina. Mtundu uliwonse ukhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kemancha.

• Nyimbo za Pontic. Idawonekera koyamba ku Byzantium m'zaka za XNUMX-XNUMX AD. Mapangidwe ochedwa a zeze amachokera ku Kamancha ya Perisiya. Lyra adatchedwa dzina lachi Greek la Black Sea - Pont Euxinus, m'mphepete mwakum'mwera komwe kunali ponseponse. Mtundu wa Pontic umasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a mlanduwo, wofanana ndi botolo, ndi dzenje laling'ono la resonator. Ndi chizolowezi kuimba zeze mu magawo anayi pa zingwe zingapo nthawi imodzi.

• Armenian keman. Adatsika kuchokera ku Pontic kemancha. Thupi la Baibulo la Armenian linakulitsidwa, ndipo chiwerengero cha zingwe chinawonjezeka kuchoka pa 4 mpaka 7. Keman alinso ndi zingwe zomveka. Zingwe zowonjezera zimalola keman kumveka mozama. Serob "Jivani" Stepanovich Lemonyan ndi woimba wodziwika bwino waku Armenian kamanist.
• Armenian kamancha. Osiyana Armenian mtundu wa kamancha, osati wokhudzana ndi keman. Chiwerengero cha zingwe 3-4. Panali ang'onoang'ono ndi aakulu. Kuzama kwa phokosolo kumadalira kukula kwa thupi. Chikhalidwe cha kusewera kamancha ndi njira yokoka uta ndi dzanja lamanja. Ndi zala za dzanja lamanja, woimba amasintha kamvekedwe ka mawu. Pa Sewero, chidacho chimakwezedwa pamwamba ndi dzanja lokwezeka.
• Kabak Kemane. Baibulo la Transcaucasus, kutengera nyimbo za Byzantine. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi thupi lopangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yapadera ya dzungu.

• Turkey Kemenche. Dzina "kemendzhe" limapezekanso. Zodziwika ku Turkey yamakono. Thupi ndi looneka ngati peyala. Kutalika 400-410 mm. M'lifupi zosaposa 150 mm. Mapangidwewo amasema ndi matabwa olimba. Kusintha kwachikale pamitundu yazingwe zitatu: DGD. Posewera, khosi lokhala ndi zikhomo limakhala pamapewa a Kemenchist. Phokosoli limachotsedwa ndi zikhadabo. Legato imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

• Azerbaijani kamancha. Mapangidwe a Azerbaijani ayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zitatu zazikulu. Khosi limamangiriridwa ku thupi, ndipo spire imadutsa thupi lonse kukonza kamancha. Thupi nthawi zina limakongoletsedwa ndi zojambula ndi zinthu zokongoletsera. Kutalika kwa kamancha ndi 3 cm, makulidwe ndi 70 cm, ndi m'lifupi ndi 17,5 cm. Mpaka zaka za m'ma 19,5, zitsanzo zokhala ndi zingwe 3, 4 ndi 5 zinali zofala ku Azerbaijan. Mabaibulo akale anali ndi mapangidwe osavuta: chikopa cha nyamacho chinatambasulidwa pamtengo wokhazikika.