Piyano ndi chiyani - mwachidule

Piyano (kuchokera ku Italiya forte - mokweza ndi piyano - chete) ndi chida choimbira cha zingwe chokhala ndi mbiri yakale. Zakhala zikudziwika kwa dziko kwa zaka zoposa mazana atatu, komabe ndizofunikira kwambiri.

M'nkhaniyi - kufotokoza kwathunthu kwa piyano, mbiri yake, chipangizo ndi zina zambiri.

Mbiri ya chida choimbira

Asanayambike piyano, panali mitundu ina ya zida za kiyibodi:

1. Harpsichord . Idapangidwa ku Italy m'zaka za zana la 15. Phokosolo linatulutsidwa chifukwa chakuti pamene fungulo linasindikizidwa, ndodo (pusher) inanyamuka, kenako plectrum "inadula" chingwecho. Choyipa cha harpsichord ndikuti simungathe kusintha voliyumu, ndipo nyimbo sizikumveka zamphamvu mokwanira.
2. Clavichord (lotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini - "kiyi ndi chingwe"). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zaka za XV-XVIII. Phokoso linayamba chifukwa cha kukhudza kwa tangent (pini yachitsulo kumbuyo kwa kiyi) pa chingwe. Voliyumu ya mawuwo ankalamulidwa mwa kukanikiza kiyi. Kutsika kwa clavichord ndiko kumveka kwachangu.

Wopanga limba ndi Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731), katswiri wanyimbo waku Italy. Mu 1709, adamaliza ntchito pa chida chotchedwa gravicembalo col piano e forte (harpsichord yomwe imamveka mofewa komanso mokweza) kapena "pianoforte". Pafupifupi mfundo zonse zazikulu zamakina amakono a piyano anali kale pano.

Bartolomeo Cristofori

M'kupita kwa nthawi, piyano yasinthidwa:

• mafelemu achitsulo amphamvu anawonekera, kuyika kwa zingwezo kunasinthidwa (imodzi pamwamba pa mtanda wina), ndipo makulidwe awo anawonjezeka - izi zinapangitsa kuti akwaniritse phokoso lodzaza;
• mu 1822, Mfalansa S. Erar anavomereza njira ya "kubwereza kawiri", zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zitheke kubwereza phokoso ndikuwonjezera mphamvu za Sewero;
• M'zaka za m'ma 20, zida za piyano zamagetsi ndi zopangira zidapangidwa .

Ku Russia, kupanga piyano kunayamba m’zaka za zana la 18 ku St. Mpaka 1917, panali amisiri pafupifupi 1,000 ndi mazana amakampani oimba - mwachitsanzo, KM Schroeder, Ya. Becker” ndi ena.

Ponseponse, m'mbiri yonse ya kukhalapo kwa piyano, opanga 20,000 osiyanasiyana, makampani ndi anthu, agwira ntchito pa chida ichi.

Kodi piyano, piyano ya gran ndi fortepiano imawoneka bwanji?

Fortepiano ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la zida zoimbira zamtunduwu. Mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo limba zazikulu ndi pianinos (kumasulira kwenikweni - "piyano yaying'ono").

Mu piyano yaikulu, zingwe, makina onse ndi bolodi la mawu (resonating surface) zimayikidwa mopingasa, choncho zimakhala ndi kukula kochititsa chidwi kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi mapiko a mbalame. Chofunikira chake ndi chivindikiro chotsegulira (chikatsegulidwa, mphamvu ya mawu imakulitsidwa).

Pali pianos zazikulu zosiyanasiyana, koma pafupifupi kutalika kwa chida ayenera kukhala osachepera 1.8 m, ndipo m'lifupi ayenera kukhala osachepera 1.5 m.

Piyano imadziwika ndi njira zowongoka zamakina, chifukwa chake imakhala ndi kutalika kwakukulu kuposa piyano, mawonekedwe otalikirana komanso kutsamira pafupi ndi khoma la chipindacho. Miyeso ya piyano ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa ya piyano yayikulu - m'lifupi mwake imafikira 1.5 m, ndipo kuya ndi pafupifupi 60 cm.

Kusiyana kwa zida zoimbira

Kuwonjezera pa kukula kwake kosiyana, piyano yaikulu ili ndi kusiyana kotereku ndi piyano:

1. Zingwe za piyano zazikulu zimakhala mu ndege yofanana ndi makiyi (perpendicular pa piyano), ndipo zimakhala zazitali, zomwe zimapereka phokoso lalikulu komanso lolemera.
2. Piyano yayikulu imakhala ndi ma pedals atatu ndipo piyano imakhala ndi 3.
3. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi cholinga cha zida zoimbira. Piyano ndi yoyenera kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kunyumba, popeza kuti n’njosavuta kuiphunzira, ndipo kumveka kwake sikokulirapo kotero kuti kusokoneza anansi. Piyano idapangidwira makamaka zipinda zazikulu komanso akatswiri oimba.

Kawirikawiri, limba ndi piyano yaikulu zili pafupi wina ndi mzake, akhoza kuonedwa ngati mchimwene wamng'ono ndi wamkulu m'banja la piyano.

Mitundu

Mitundu yayikulu ya piyano :

• piyano yaying'ono (kutalika 1.2 - 1.5 m.);
• piyano ya ana (kutalika 1.5 - 1.6 m.);
• piyano yapakatikati (utali wa 1.6 - 1.7 m);
• piyano yayikulu pabalaza (1.7 - 1.8 m.);
• akatswiri (kutalika kwake ndi 1.8 m.);
• piyano yayikulu yamaholo ang'onoang'ono ndi akulu (utali wa 1.9/2 m);
• piyano zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zazikulu (2.2/2.7 m.)

Titha kutchula mitundu iyi ya piano:

• piyano-spinet - kutalika osakwana 91 masentimita, kukula kochepa, kapangidwe kameneka, ndipo, chifukwa chake, osati phokoso labwino kwambiri;
• piano console (njira yodziwika kwambiri) - kutalika kwa 1-1.1 m, mawonekedwe achikhalidwe, mawu abwino;
• piano (akatswiri) studio - kutalika kwa 115-127 masentimita, phokoso lofanana ndi piyano yayikulu;
• piyano zazikulu - kutalika kuchokera ku 130 cm ndi pamwamba, zitsanzo zakale, zosiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola, kulimba komanso mawu abwino kwambiri.

Chikonzedwe

Piyano yayikulu ndi piyano zimagawana mawonekedwe ofanana, ngakhale tsatanetsatane wake amakonzedwa mosiyana:

• zingwe zimakokedwa pa chimango chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi zikhomo, zomwe zimadutsa ma treble ndi ma bass shingles (zimakulitsa kugwedezeka kwa zingwe), zomangirizidwa ku chishango chamatabwa pansi pa zingwe ( resonant deck);
• m'munsimu , zingwe za 1 zimagwira ntchito, ndipo pakati ndi zolembera zapamwamba, "chorasi" ya zingwe 2-3.

zimango

Woyimba piyano akasindikiza kiyi, damper (muffler) imachoka pa chingwecho, ndikupangitsa kuti imveke momasuka, kenako nyundo imagunda. Umu ndi momwe piyano imamvekera. Chidacho chikapanda kuyimba, zingwe (kupatula ma octaves owopsa) zimakanikizidwa motsutsana ndi chotsitsacho.

Piano Pedals

Piyano nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ma pedal awiri, pomwe piyano yayikulu imakhala ndi zitatu:

1. Choyamba pedal . Mukaisindikiza, zida zonse zimakwera, ndipo zingwe zina zimamveka pamene makiyi atulutsidwa, pamene ena amayamba kunjenjemera. Mwa njira iyi ndizotheka kukwaniritsa phokoso lopitirira komanso zowonjezera zowonjezera.
2. Ngo kumanzere . Amapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale losamveka ndikuchepetsa. Osagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
3. Pedali yachitatu (ikupezeka pa piano pokha). Ntchito yake ndikuletsa ma dampers ena kuti akhalebe okwera mpaka pedal itachotsedwa. Chifukwa cha izi, mutha kusunga chord imodzi mukusewera zolemba zina.

Kuyimba chida

Mitundu yonse ya piano ili ndi makiyi 88, 52 omwe ndi oyera ndipo 36 otsalawo ndi akuda. Muyezo wamtundu wa chida choimbirachi umachokera pa cholemba A subcontroctave kupita ku C mu octave yachisanu.

Ma piano ndi ma piyano akulu amasinthasintha kwambiri ndipo amatha kuyimba nyimbo iliyonse. Ndioyenera ntchito zapaokha komanso pothandizana ndi oimba.

Mwachitsanzo, oimba piyano nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi violin, dombra, cello ndi zida zina.

FAQ

Kodi kusankha piyano ntchito kunyumba?

Ndikofunikira kuganizira mfundo yofunika - piyano yayikulu kapena piyano yayikulu, kumveka bwino. Ngati kukula kwa nyumba yanu ndi bajeti zikuloleza, muyenera kugula piyano yayikulu. Nthawi zina, chida chapakatikati chidzakhala njira yabwino kwambiri - sichidzatenga malo ambiri, koma chidzamveka bwino.

Kodi kuphunzira kuimba piyano ndikosavuta?

Ngati piyano imafuna luso lapamwamba, ndiye kuti piyano ndi yoyenera kwa oyamba kumene. Omwe sanaphunzire kusukulu ya nyimbo ali mwana sayenera kukhumudwa - tsopano mutha kutenga maphunziro a piyano mosavuta pa intaneti.

Ndi opanga piyano ati omwe ali abwino kwambiri?

Ndikoyenera kudziwa makampani angapo omwe amapanga piano ndi ma piano apamwamba kwambiri:

• umafunika : Ma piano akulu a Bechstein, ma piano a Bluthner ndi ma piano akulu, piano zazikulu za konsati ya Yamaha;
• pakatikati : Ma piano akulu a Hoffmann , August Forester piano;
• zitsanzo za bajeti zotsika mtengo : Boston, Yamaha pianos, Haessler grand pianos.

Oimba piyano otchuka ndi olemba nyimbo

1. Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) ndi woimba komanso woyimba piyano wodziwika bwino waku Poland. Analemba ntchito zambiri m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zachikale ndi zatsopano, kukhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pa nyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi.
2. franz liszt (1811-1886) - Woyimba piyano waku Hungary. Anakhala wotchuka chifukwa cha kusewera piyano ya virtuoso ndi ntchito zake zovuta kwambiri - mwachitsanzo, Mephisto Waltz waltz.
3. SERGEY Rachmaninov (1873-1943) ndi woyimba piyano wotchuka waku Russia. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi kaseweredwe kake komanso kalembedwe kapadera ka wolemba.
4. Denis Matsuev ndi woyimba piyano wamakono, wopambana pampikisano wapamwamba. ntchito yake Chili ndi miyambo ya Russian limba sukulu ndi luso.

Zosangalatsa Zokhudza Piano

• malinga ndi zimene asayansi aona, kuimba limba ali ndi zotsatira zabwino pa chilango, maphunziro bwino, khalidwe ndi kugwirizana kayendedwe ka ana a sukulu;
• Kutalika kwa piyano yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi 3.3 m, ndipo kulemera kwake kumaposa tani imodzi;
• pakati pa kiyibodi ya piyano ili pakati pa zolemba "mi" ndi "fa" mu octave yoyamba;
• mlembi wa ntchito yoyamba ya piyano anali Lodovico Giustini, amene analemba sonata “12 Sonate da cimbalo di piano e forte” mu 1732.

Kuphatikizidwa

Piyano ndi chida chodziwika komanso chosunthika kotero kuti ndizosatheka kupeza analogue yake. Ngati simunayambe mwasewerapo, yesani - mwinamwake nyumba yanu posachedwa idzadzazidwa ndi mawu amatsenga a makiyi awa.