Piano: zida zikuchokera, miyeso, mbiri, phokoso, mfundo zosangalatsa

Piano (mu Chitaliyana - piyano) - ndi mtundu wa piyano, mtundu wake wawung'ono. Ichi ndi kiyibodi ya zingwe, chida choimbira, chomwe chili ndi matani 88. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyimba nyimbo m'malo ang'onoang'ono.

Kupanga ndi kugwira ntchito

Njira zinayi zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimapanga kapangidwe kake ndi kamvekedwe ndi kamvekedwe ka kiyibodi, kachitidwe ka pedal, thupi, ndi zida zomvekera.

Mbali yakumbuyo yamatabwa ya "torso", kuteteza njira zonse zamkati, kupereka mphamvu - futor. Pamwamba pake pali matabwa opangidwa ndi mapulo kapena beech - virbelbank. Zisomali zimakhomeredwamo ndipo zingwe zimatambasulidwa.

Chipinda cha piyano - chishango, pafupifupi 1 cm wandiweyani kuchokera pamatabwa angapo a spruce. Amatanthauza phokoso dongosolo, Ufumuyo kutsogolo kwa futor, resonates kugwedezeka. Kukula kwa piyano kumadalira kuchuluka kwa ulusi komanso utali wa bolodi la mawu.

Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chimakhomeredwa pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti piyano ikhale yolemera kwambiri. Kulemera kwa piyano kumafika 200 kg.

Kiyibodi ili pa bolodi, ikukankhidwira patsogolo pang'ono, yokutidwa ndi chimanga chokhala ndi nyimbo (kuyimirira nyimbo). Kukanikiza mbale ndi zala kumasamutsa mphamvu ku nyundo, zomwe zimagunda zingwe ndikuchotsa zolembazo. Pamene chala chikuchotsedwa, motif imatsekedwa ndi damper.

Dongosolo la damper limaphatikizidwa ndi nyundo ndipo lili pa gawo limodzi lokhazikika.

Ulusi wachitsulo wokutidwa ndi mkuwa pang'onopang'ono umatambasula panthawi ya Sewero. Kubwezeretsa elasticity awo, muyenera kuitana mbuye oyenerera.

Piyano ili ndi makiyi angati

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala makiyi 88 ​​okha, omwe 52 ndi oyera, 36 ndi akuda, ngakhale makiyi a piyano ena ndi osiyana. Dzina loyera limafanana ndi zolemba 7 mu dongosolo. Izi zimabwerezedwa mu kiyibodi yonse. Mtunda wochokera pa noti imodzi kupita ku ina ndi octave. Makiyi akuda amatchulidwa kutengera malo omwe ali pafupi ndi zoyera: kumanja - chakuthwa, kumanzere - kosalala.

Kukula kwa makiyi oyera ndi 23mm * 145mm, makiyi akuda ndi 9mm * 85mm.

Zowonjezera zimafunika kuti mutulutse phokoso la "kwaya" ya zingwe (mpaka 3 pa makina osindikizira).

Kodi ma piano pedals ndi chiyani?

Chida chokhazikika chili ndi ma pedals atatu, onse omwe amalemeretsa nyimboyo ndi malingaliro:

• Kumanzere kumapangitsa kuti mafunde afooke. Nyundo zimasunthira pafupi ndi ulusi, kusiyana kumawoneka pakati pawo, kutalika kumakhala kocheperako, nkhonyayo imakhala yofooka.
• Choyenera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito musanayambe kapena mutatha kukanikiza zolembazo, zimakweza zowumitsa, zingwe zonse zimatseguka, zimatha kumveka nthawi imodzi. Izi zimapereka mtundu wachilendo kwa nyimboyo.
• Wapakati amasokoneza phokosolo, ndikuyika zofewa zofewa pakati pa zingwe ndi nyundo, zimakulolani kusewera ngakhale usiku, sizingagwire ntchito kusokoneza alendo. Zida zina zimapereka phiri kuti achotse phazi.

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zida zokhala ndi ma pedals awiri. Pa Sewero, amapanikizidwa ndi maimidwe. Izi ndizosavuta kuposa kholo la clavichord: ma levers apadera adasuntha mawondo.

Mbiri ya piyano

1397 - kutchulidwa koyamba ku Italy kwa harpsichord yokhala ndi njira yodulira yotulutsa mawu okweza. Kuipa kwa chipangizocho kunali kusowa kwa mphamvu mu nyimbo.

Kuchokera m'zaka za m'ma 15 mpaka 18, zida za clavichords zoyimba zidawonekera. Voliyumu idasinthidwa malinga ndi momwe kiyiyo idakanira mwamphamvu. Koma phokosolo linazimiririka mwamsanga.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18 - Bartolomeo Cristofori adapanga makina a piyano yamakono.

1800 - J. Hawkins adapanga piyano yoyamba.

1801 - M. Muller adapanga chida choimbira chomwecho ndipo adabwera ndi ma pedals.

Pomaliza, pakati pa zaka za zana la 19 - chidacho chimatenga mawonekedwe achikale. Wopanga aliyense amasintha pang'ono kapangidwe ka mkati, koma lingaliro lalikulu limakhalabe lofanana.

Kukula kwa piyano ndi mitundu

Magulu 4 atha kusiyanitsidwa:

• Kunyumba (austic / digito). Kulemera pafupifupi 300 kg, kutalika 130 cm.
• nduna. Chochepa kwambiri mu kukula. Kulemera 200 kg, 1 m kutalika.
• Salon. Kulemera 350 kg, kutalika 140 cm. Amakhala chokongoletsera mkati mwa makalasi asukulu, maholo ang'onoang'ono, malo odyera, malo osangalatsa osiyanasiyana.
• Konsati. Amalemera 500 kg. Kutalika 130 cm, kutalika 150 cm. Ma situdiyo ndi oimba amanyadira nawo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kokongola kwa timbre.

Chochititsa chidwi: chitsanzo chachikulu chimalemera kuposa tani 1, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 3,3.

Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri ndi cabinet. M'lifupi mwake amayezedwa ndi kiyibodi, yomwe imatha kufika 150 cm. Zikuwoneka zophatikizika.

Kusiyanitsa kwa limba pakati pa piyano ndi piyano yayikulu ndikuti yomalizayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maholo akulu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mawu ake komanso mawonekedwe ake ochititsa chidwi, mosiyana ndi piyano yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zogona. Njira zamkati za piyano zimayikidwa molunjika, ndizokwera, zimayikidwa pafupi ndi khoma.

Oyimba nyimbo ndi oimba piyano otchuka

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muyambe kukulitsa luso ndi ana azaka 3-4, kuti mukhale ndi kanjedza lalikulu. Zimathandiza kusewera mwaluso. Oimba piyano ambiri anali olemba nyimbo zawo. Sizinali zotheka kukhala woimba wopambana poimba nyimbo za anthu ena.

1732 - Lodovico Giustini adalemba sonata yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi makamaka limba.

Mmodzi mwa anthu ofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya nyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi Ludwig van Beethoven. Iye analemba ntchito piyano, limba concertos, violin, cello. Polemba, adagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yodziwika yomwe ilipo.

Frederic Chopin ndi wolemba virtuoso wochokera ku Poland. Ntchito zake zimapangidwira kuti azigwira ntchito payekha, zolengedwa zapadera sizingafanane ndi chirichonse. Omvera a ma concerto a Chopin adawona kupepuka kwachilendo kwa kukhudza kwa manja a wolemba pa makiyi.

Franz Liszt - Mdani wa Chopin, woimba, mphunzitsi wochokera ku Hungary. Anapereka zisudzo zoposa 1000 m'zaka za m'ma 1850, pambuyo pake adachoka ndikupereka moyo wake ku cholinga china.

Johann Sebastian Bach adalemba ntchito zopitilira 1000 zamitundu yonse kupatula opera. Mfundo yochititsa chidwi: London Bach (monga momwe wolemba nyimboyo ankatchulira) inachepetsedwa kwambiri, zosakwana 10 mwa zolengedwa zonse zinasindikizidwa.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, ali mwana, adadziwa luso lake, ndipo ali mnyamata adasewera kale ngati wamkulu. Ubongo wa Peter Ilyich uli mu laibulale yanyimbo yapadziko lonse lapansi.

SERGEY Rachmaninov anatha kutambasula dzanja lake pafupifupi 2 octaves. Maphunziro apulumuka, kutsimikizira luso la wolemba. Mu ntchito yake, iye anathandizira chikondi cha m'zaka za m'ma XIX.

Kukonda nyimbo kumakhudza kwambiri ubongo ndi mtima. Zimasangalatsa kulingalira, zimakupangitsani kunjenjemera.