Ndi zisudzo ziti zomwe Mozart adalemba? Ma opera 5 otchuka kwambiri

Pa moyo wake waufupi, Mozart adapanga nyimbo zambiri zosiyanasiyana, koma adawona kuti zisudzo ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchito yake. Okwana, iye analemba 21 zisudzo, ndi woyamba, Apollo ndi Hyacinth, ali ndi zaka 10, ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri inachitika zaka khumi zapitazi za moyo wake. Ziwembuzo nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi zokonda za nthawiyo, zowonetsera ngwazi zakale (opera seria) kapena, monga mu opera buffa, otsogola komanso aluso.

Munthu wodziwika bwino ayenera kudziwa zomwe Mozart analemba, kapena otchuka kwambiri mwa iwo.

"Ukwati wa Figaro"

Imodzi mwamasewera odziwika kwambiri ndi "Ukwati wa Figaro", yolembedwa mu 1786 kutengera sewero la Beaumarchais. Chiwembucho ndi chosavuta - ukwati wa Figaro ndi Suzanne ukubwera, koma Count Almaviva amakondana ndi Suzanne, akuyesetsa kuti amuthandize pamtengo uliwonse. Chiwembu chonsecho chimamangidwa mozungulira izi. Wodziwika ngati buffa wa opera, The Marriage of Figaro, komabe, idapitilira mtunduwo chifukwa cha zovuta za otchulidwa komanso umunthu wawo wopangidwa ndi nyimbo. Choncho, sewero lanthabwala la anthu limapangidwa - mtundu watsopano.

Don Juan

Mu 1787, Mozart adalemba sewero la Don Giovanni potengera nthano yakale yaku Spain. Mtunduwu ndi opera buffa, ndipo Mozart mwiniwake akuchilongosola kukhala “sewero lachisangalalo.” Don Juan, kuyesa kunyengerera Donna Anna, amapha abambo ake, Mtsogoleri, ndipo amabisala. Pambuyo pa zochitika zingapo komanso zobisika, Don Juan adayitanitsa chifanizo cha Mtsogoleri yemwe adamupha ku mpira. Ndipo Mtsogoleri akuwonekera. Monga chida choopsa chobwezera, amakokera ufulu ku gehena ...

Vice adalangidwa, monga momwe amafunira ndi malamulo a classicism. Komabe, Don Giovanni wa Mozart si ngwazi chabe; amakopa owonera ndi chiyembekezo chake komanso kulimba mtima. Mozart amadutsa malire amtunduwu ndikupanga sewero lanyimbo zamaganizidwe, pafupi ndi Shakespeare mukukula kwa zilakolako.

"Ndi zomwe aliyense amachita."

Woimba nyimbo wa opera “Izi ndi zimene aliyense amachita” anatumidwa kuchokera ku Mozart ndi Mfumu Joseph mu 1789. Zachokera pa nkhani yowona yomwe inachitika kukhoti. M’nkhaniyi, anyamata aŵiri, Ferrando ndi Guglielmo, asankha kutsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa akwatibwi awo ndi kudza kwa iwo mobisa. Don Alfonso wina amawasonkhezera, ponena kuti palibe chinthu chotero padziko lapansi monga kukhulupirika kwa akazi. Ndipo zikuoneka kuti ali wangwiro ...

Mu opera iyi, Mozart amatsatira mtundu wamba wamba; nyimbo zake ndi zodzaza ndi kupepuka komanso chisomo. Tsoka ilo, pa moyo wa wolemba "Izi ndi zomwe aliyense amachita" sanayamikire, koma kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19 anayamba kuchitidwa pazigawo zazikulu za opera.

“Chifundo cha Tito”

Mozart analemba La Clemenza di Titus kuti Mfumu ya Czechoslovakia Leopold Wachiwiri ikhale pampando wachifumu mu 1791. Monga ufulu, anapatsidwa malemba akale kwambiri okhala ndi chiwembu cha banal, koma Mozart analemba chotani nanga!

Ntchito yodabwitsa yokhala ndi nyimbo zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba. Cholinga chake ndi cha Mfumu ya Roma Titus Flavius ​​​​Vespasian. Amaulula chiwembu chomuchitira yekha, koma amapeza kuwolowa manja mwa iye yekha kuti akhululukire omwe adapanga chiwembu. Mutu umenewu unali woyenerera kwambiri pa mapwando ovekedwa ufumu, ndipo Mozart anathana ndi ntchitoyi mwaluso.

“Chitoliro chamatsenga”

M'chaka chomwecho, Mozart analemba opera mu mtundu wanyimbo waku Germany wa Singspiel, womwe unamukopa kwambiri. Iyi ndi "The Magic Flute" yokhala ndi libretto yolembedwa ndi E. Schikaneder. Chiwembucho chili ndi matsenga ndi zozizwitsa ndipo chimasonyeza kulimbana kosatha pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa.

Mfitiyo Sarastro anaba mwana wamkazi wa Mfumukazi ya Usiku, ndipo anatumiza mnyamatayo Tamino kuti akamufufuze. Amapeza mtsikanayo, koma zikuwoneka kuti Sarastro ali kumbali ya zabwino, ndipo Mfumukazi ya Usiku ndiye chiwonetsero cha zoipa. Tamino adapambana mayeso onse ndikulandila dzanja la wokondedwa wake. Opera inachitikira ku Vienna mu 1791 ndipo inali yopambana kwambiri chifukwa cha nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za Mozart.

Ndani akudziwa kuti ndi ntchito zingati zazikulu zomwe Mozart akanapanga, ndi zisudzo zotani zomwe akanalemba, ngati tsoka lidamupatsa zaka zingapo zamoyo. Koma zimene iye anakwanitsa kuchita pa moyo wake waufupi moyenerera ndi chuma cha dziko nyimbo.