Wolfgang Sawallisch |
Wolfgang Sawallisch
Mu 1956, Wolfgang Sawallisch kwa nthawi yoyamba anaima pa nsanja ya Vienna Symphony, imodzi mwa oimba oimba bwino ku Ulaya, kuti atsogolere konsati kuchokera mndandanda wa Grand Symphony. "Chikondi poyang'ana koyamba" chinabuka pakati pa wotsogolera ndi gulu la oimba, zomwe posakhalitsa zinamupangitsa kukhala wotsogolera wamkulu wa gululi. Oimba adakopeka ndi Zawallish chifukwa cha chidziwitso chake chambiri komanso kufotokozera momveka bwino zomwe akufuna komanso zomwe akufuna. Iwo anayamikira njira yake yogwirira ntchito pa kubwereza, mwamphamvu, koma ngati bizinesi, wopanda zokondweretsa, makhalidwe. “Zomwe Zawallish ali nazo,” anatero gulu la oimba oimba, “n’kwakuti alibe… Zowonadi, wojambulayo amatanthauzira credo yake motere: "Ndikufuna kuti munthu wanga asawonekere, kotero kuti ndimatha kulingalira nyimbo za wolembayo ndikuyesera kumveketsa ngati akumvera yekha, kotero kuti nyimbo iliyonse. , kaya Mozart , Beethoven, Wagner, Strauss kapena Tchaikovsky - anamveka ndi kukhulupirika kotheratu. Zoonadi, kaŵirikaŵiri timaona chibadwa cha nyengozo ndi maso athu ndi kuzimva ndi makutu athu. Ndikukayika kuti tikhoza kuzindikira ndi kumverera monga momwe zinalili kale. Tidzapitilirabe nthawi yathu, mwachitsanzo, kuzindikira ndikutanthauzira nyimbo zachikondi kutengera momwe tikumvera. Kaya kumverera uku kumagwirizana ndi malingaliro a Schubert kapena Schumann, sitikudziwa.
Kukhwima, zinachitikira ndi luso pedagogical anabwera Zawallish m'zaka khumi ndi ziwiri - ntchito dizzying kwa kondakitala, koma pa nthawi yomweyo wopanda sensationalism iliyonse. Wolfgang Sawallisch anabadwira ku Munich ndipo kuyambira ali mwana adawonetsa luso loimba. Kale ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, adakhala maola ambiri pa piyano ndipo ankafuna kuti akhale woimba piyano poyamba. Koma atapita ku nyumba ya zisudzo kwa nthawi yoyamba pa sewero la "Hansel ndi Gretel" la Humperdinck, adayamba kufuna kutsogolera gulu la oimba.
Wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi womaliza maphunziro a sukulu ya Zavallish amapita kutsogolo. Maphunziro ake anayambiranso mu 1946. Atabwerera ku Munich, anakhala wophunzira wa Josef Haas m’lingaliro lake ndi Hans Knappertsbusch pophunzitsa. Woimba wachinyamatayo amayesetsa kubweza nthawi yotayika ndikusiya maphunziro ake patatha chaka kuti akakhale wotsogolera ku Augsburg. Muyenera kuyamba ndi operetta ya R. Benatsky "The Enchanted Girls", koma posakhalitsa anali ndi mwayi wochita opera - onse omwewo "Hansel ndi Gretel"; maloto aunyamata akwaniritsidwa.
Zawallisch adagwira ntchito ku Augsburg kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo adaphunzira zambiri. Panthawiyi, adachitanso ngati woyimba piyano ndipo adakwanitsa kupambana mphoto yoyamba pa mpikisano wa nyimbo za sonata ku Geneva, pamodzi ndi woyimba zemba G. Seitz. Kenako anapita ku ntchito Aachen, kale "wotsogolera nyimbo", ndipo anachita kwambiri mu opera ndi zoimbaimba pano, ndipo kenako Wiesbaden. Ndiye, mu zaka sikisite, pamodzi ndi Vienna Symphonies, iye anatsogolera Cologne Opera.
Zawallish amayenda pang'ono, amakonda ntchito yokhazikika. Izi, komabe, sizikutanthauza kuti ali ndi malire okha: wochititsa nthawi zonse amachita zikondwerero zazikulu ku Lucerne, Edinburgh, Bayreuth ndi malo ena oimba a ku Ulaya.
Zawallish alibe olemba omwe amakonda, masitayilo, mitundu. “Ndimapeza,” iye akutero, “kuti munthu sangatsogolere sewero popanda kumvetsetsa kokwanira kwa symphony, ndipo mosemphanitsa, kuti amve zikhumbo za nyimbo za konsati ya symphony, opera imafunikira. Ndimapereka malo opambana m'makonsati anga ku akale komanso achikondi, m'lingaliro lalikulu la mawuwo. Kenako pamabwera nyimbo zamakono zodziwika mpaka zakale zomwe zidawoneka bwino masiku ano - monga Hindemith, Stravinsky, Bartok ndi Honegger. Ndikuvomereza kuti mpaka pano ndakhala ndikukopeka kwambiri ndi nyimbo zamtundu khumi ndi ziwiri. Nyimbo zonse zachikale, zachikondi komanso zamakono zomwe ndimazichita pamtima. Izi siziyenera kuonedwa ngati "ubwino" kapena kukumbukira kodabwitsa: Ndikuganiza kuti munthu ayenera kukula pafupi kwambiri ndi ntchito yotanthauziridwa kuti adziwe bwino nsalu yake, kapangidwe kake, kamvekedwe kake. Potsogolera pamtima, mumafika polumikizana kwambiri ndi oimba. Oimba oimba nthawi yomweyo amamva zotchinga zikuchotsedwa. ”
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
