Valery Alexandrovich Gavrilin |

Valery Gavrilin

"Cholinga changa ndikufikira mzimu wa munthu aliyense ndi nyimbo zanga. Ndimayabwa nthawi zonse ndi ululu: amvetsetsa? - mawu awa a V. Gavrilin akuwoneka ngati alamu opanda pake: nyimbo zake sizimangomveka, zimakondedwa, zimadziwika, zimaphunzira, zimasilira, zimatsanzira. Kupambana kopambana kwapadziko lonse kwa Russian Notebook, Chimes, ndi Anyuta ballet ndi umboni wa izi. Ndipo chinsinsi cha kupambana kumeneku sichinangokhala mu luso losowa, lapadera la wolemba nyimbo, komanso kuti anthu a nthawi yathu amalakalaka nyimbo zamtunduwu - mwachinsinsi komanso mozama modabwitsa. Izo organically zikuphatikiza zenizeni Russian ndi chilengedwe, zoonadi zakale ndi nkhani zopweteka kwambiri za nthawi yathu, nthabwala ndi chisoni, ndi uzimu mkulu amene amayeretsa ndi kukhutitsa moyo. Ndipo komabe - Gavrilin adapatsidwa mphatso yachilendo, yowawa komanso yopatulika ya wojambula weniweni - kuthekera kumva ululu wa wina ngati wake ...

"Matalente aku Russia, mumachokera kuti?" Gavrilin akanatha kuyankha funso la E. Yevtushenko ndi mawu a A. Exupery akuti: “Kodi ndikuchokera kuti? Ndine kuyambira ubwana wanga ..." Kwa Gavrilin, monga zikwi za anzake - "mabala ovulala", nkhondo inali sukulu ya mkaka. "Nyimbo zoyamba m'moyo wanga zinali kukuwa ndi kulira kwa amayi omwe adalandira maliro kuchokera kutsogolo," adzatero pambuyo pake, ali wamkulu kale. Anali ndi zaka 2 pamene maliro anafika kwa banja lawo - mu August XNUMX, abambo ake anamwalira pafupi ndi Leningrad. Kenaka panali zaka zambiri za nkhondo ndi nyumba ya ana amasiye ku Vologda, kumene ana ankayendetsa nyumba yawo, anabzala dimba, anatchetcha udzu, kutsuka pansi, kusamalira ng'ombe. Ndipo nyumba ya ana amasiye inalinso ndi kwaya yake ndi oimba oimba, panali piyano ndi mphunzitsi wa nyimbo T. Tomashevskaya, yemwe anatsegula mnyamatayo ku dziko lachifundo ndi lodabwitsa la nyimbo. Ndipo tsiku lina, pamene mphunzitsi wochokera ku Leningrad Conservatory anabwera ku Vologda, adamuwonetsa mnyamata wodabwitsa yemwe, osadziwa bwino zolembazo, amalemba nyimbo! Ndipo tsogolo la Valery linasintha kwambiri. Posakhalitsa foni inabwera kuchokera ku Leningrad ndipo wachinyamata wazaka khumi ndi zinayi adachoka kuti alowe sukulu ya nyimbo ku Conservatory. Anamutengera ku kalasi ya clarinet, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo, dipatimenti yoimba nyimbo itatsegulidwa pasukulupo, anasamukira kumeneko.

Valery anaphunzira mwachidwi, mokondwera, ndi mkwatulo. Pamodzi ndi anzake, mofanana ndi Y. Temirkanov, Y. Simonov, adasewera ma sonatas onse ndi ma symphonies a I. Haydn, L. Beethoven, zonse zatsopano za D. Shostakovich ndi S. Prokofiev, zomwe adakwanitsa kuzipeza, ankayesetsa kumva nyimbo kulikonse kumene kunali kotheka . Gavrilin adalowa mu Leningrad Conservatory mu 1958, m'gulu la O. Evlakhov. Analemba zambiri, koma m'chaka cha 3 mwadzidzidzi anasintha kupita ku dipatimenti ya musicology ndipo adatenga nthano. Iye anapita pa maulendo, analemba nyimbo, anasuzumira kwambiri mu moyo, kumvetsera chinenero cha anthu a m'mudzi, bwino kwa iye kuyambira ali mwana, anayesa kumvetsa makhalidwe awo, maganizo, maganizo. Inali ntchito yovuta osati ya kumva kokha, komanso ya mtima, moyo, ndi maganizo. Zinali ndiye, m'midzi yakumpoto yankhondoyi, yosauka, kumene kunalibe amuna, kumvetsera nyimbo za akazi, odzaza ndi chisoni chosathawika ndi loto losatha la moyo wosiyana, wokongola, Gavrilin anazindikira poyamba ndikudzipangira yekha cholinga. ndi tanthawuzo la kulenga kwa wolemba - kuphatikiza zopindula za akatswiri oimba nyimbo ndi mitundu ya tsiku ndi tsiku, "otsika", momwe chuma cha ndakatulo chenicheni ndi kukongola chimabisika. Panthawiyi, Gavrilin analemba ntchito yochititsa chidwi komanso yozama pa chiyambi cha nyimbo za anthu a V. Solovyov-Sedogo, ndipo mu 1964 anamaliza maphunziro a Conservatory monga woimba nyimbo-folklorist m'kalasi la F. Rubtsov. Komabe, sanasiyenso kupanga nyimbo, m'zaka zake zomaliza analemba 3 quartets, symphonic suite "Cockroach", phokoso la mawu pa St. V. Shefner, 2 sonatas, comic cantata "Tinayankhula za luso", mawu ozungulira "buku la German" pa St. G. Heine. Kuzungulira uku kunachitika ku Union of Composers, kulandiridwa mwachikondi ndi omvera, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo wakhala mbali ya nyimbo zokhazikika za oimba ambiri.

Shostakovich adadziwa ntchito za Gavrilin ndipo adamulangiza kuti apite kusukulu. Atapambana mayeso onse a dipatimenti yolemba ndi mayeso olowera, Gavrilin anakhala wophunzira maphunziro. Monga ntchito yomaliza maphunziro, adawonetsa nyimbo ya "Russian Notebook". Ndipo chakumapeto kwa 1965, m'masiku khumi a luso loimba la Leningrad ku Moscow, ntchito imeneyi inachitidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba pa konsati yomaliza ndikuchita phokoso! Woimbayo wamng'ono, wosadziwika ankatchedwa "nyimbo Yesenin", adasilira talente yake; mu 1967 iye anali kupereka State Prize wa RSFSR. MI Glinka, kukhala wopambana kwambiri mdziko muno pa mphotho yayikuluyi.

Pambuyo pa kupambana kopambana koteroko ndi kuzindikira, zinali zovuta kwambiri kwa woimba wamng'ono kuti apange ntchito yotsatira ya luso lapamwamba kwambiri. Kwa zaka zingapo, Gavrilin, titero kunena kwake, "amapita mumthunzi." Amalemba nthawi zonse: izi ndi nyimbo za mafilimu, zisudzo, ma suites ang'onoang'ono oimba, piyano. Anzake ndi anzake akuluakulu akudandaula kuti salemba nyimbo zazikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri amalemba zochepa. Ndipo tsopano 1972 imabweretsa ntchito zazikulu za 3 nthawi imodzi: opera The Tale of the Violinist Vanyusha (yochokera pa zolemba za G. Uspensky), Buku lachiwiri la German ku St. G. Heine ndi ndakatulo ya mawu-symphonic ku St. A. Shulgina "Makalata Ankhondo". Patatha chaka chimodzi, mawu akuti "Madzulo" adawonekera ndi mutu wakuti "Kuchokera ku Album ya Mkazi Wakale", "German Notebook" yachitatu, kenako "Earth" yozungulira mawu "Earth" ku St. A. Shulgina.

M'mabuku onsewa, Gavrilin amagwiritsa ntchito luso lake lopanga zinthu: "Kulankhula ndi omvera m'chinenero chomwe amachimva." Amagonjetsa phompho lomwe lilipo tsopano pakati pa nyimbo za pop, nyimbo za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi nyimbo zamaphunziro. Kumbali ina, Gavrilin amalenga nyimbo za pop zaluso kwambiri kotero kuti chipinda komanso oimba a opera amafunitsitsa kuchita nawo. ("Mahatchi amathamanga usiku" yochitidwa ndi I. Bogacheva). Ponena za nyimbo "Abale Awiri", mbuye wamkulu G. Sviridov akulembera wolemba: "Chinthu chodabwitsa! Ndikumvanso kachiwiri ndikulira. Kukongola kwake, mawonekedwe ake atsopano, momwe zimakhalira zachilengedwe. Kusintha kodabwitsa bwanji: m'nyimbo kuchokera kumutu kupita kumutu, kuchokera ku vesi kupita ku vesi. Ndi mbambande. Ndikhulupirireni!" Zakale za mtunduwo zinali nyimbo "Chikondi chikhalabe", "Ndisokereni diresi yoyera, amayi" kuchokera mu kanema "Pa Tsiku la Ukwati", "Nthabwala" zokongola.

Kumbali inayi, Gavrilin amapanga ntchito za mawonekedwe akuluakulu - suites, ndakatulo, cantatas pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zamakono. Polankhula ndi ntchito zake makamaka kwa achinyamata, woimbayo sakuchepetsa mitundu ya "mkulu" ya nyimbo zachikale, koma amapanga mtundu watsopano, umene woimba nyimbo A. Sohor adatcha "nyimbo-symphonic".

Drama Theatre ali ndi gawo lalikulu pa moyo kulenga Valery Gavrilin. Iye analemba nyimbo 80 zisudzo m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya dziko. Wopeka yekha amaona kuti ntchito pa anayi okha a iwo bwino kwambiri: "Pambuyo kuphedwa ndikupempha" pa Leningrad Youth Theatre, "Musalekana ndi okondedwa anu" pa Leningrad Theatre. Lenin Komsomol, matumba atatu a udzu tirigu mu ABDT iwo. M. Gorky, "Stepan Razin" mu zisudzo. E. Vakhtangov. Ntchito yomaliza idakhala ngati chilimbikitso pakupanga imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri za Gavrilin - nyimbo yanyimbo yoimba "Chimes". (malinga V. Shukshin), anapereka State Prize wa USSR. "Chimes" amapangidwa ndi nyimbo ziwiri zofanana mumtundu: "The Wedding" (1978) ndi "The Shepherd and Shepherdess" (malinga ndi V. Astafiev, 1983) kwa oimba solo, kwaya ndi zida zoimbira. Nyimbo zonse za 3, komanso oratorio "Skomorokhi" inamalizidwa mu 1967 ndipo inayamba mu 1987 (pa siteshoni ya V. Korostylev), inalembedwa mumtundu wopangidwa ndi Gavrilin. zikugwira. Zimaphatikiza mawonekedwe a oratorio, opera, ballet, symphony, kuzungulira kwa mawu, magwiridwe antchito kwambiri. Ambiri, zisudzo, chiwonetsero, ophiphiritsa konkire wa nyimbo Gavrilin zoonekeratu kuti nthawi zina m'mawu ake amaseweredwa mu zisudzo nyimbo ( "Madzulo", "Military Letters").

Zosayembekezereka kwa wolembayo mwiniwakeyo chinali kupambana kwake kosaneneka monga wolemba nyimbo za ballet. Mtsogoleri A. Belinsky mu zidutswa zosiyana za orchestra ndi piyano ndi Gavrilin, zolembedwa zaka 10-15 zapitazo, adawona, kapena m'malo mwake, anamva, ballet yochokera pa chiwembu cha nkhani ya A. Chekhov "Anna pa Neck". Gavrilin amalankhula za izi mopanda nthabwala: "Zikuwoneka kuti, popanda kudziwa, ndakhala ndikulemba nyimbo za ballet kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kuthandizira kuyika zithunzi za Chekhov pa siteji. Koma izi sizodabwitsa. Chekhov ndi wolemba yemwe ndimakonda kwambiri. Chiwopsezo, kusatetezeka, kukoma kwapadera kwa otchulidwa ake, tsoka la chikondi chosayenerera, koyera, chisoni chowala, kudana ndi zonyansa - ndinkafuna kusonyeza zonsezi mu nyimbo. Ballet ya TV "Anyuta" ndi wochenjera E. Maksimova ndi V. Vasiliev anali wopambanadi wopambana, adapambana mphoto zapadziko lonse, adagulidwa ndi makampani a TV a 114 padziko lapansi! Mu 1986, Anyuta adachita ku Italy, ku San Carlo Theatre ku Neapolitan, kenako ku Moscow, ku Bolshoi Theatre ya Union Union, komanso ku Riga, Kazan, ndi Chelyabinsk.

Kupitiliza kwa mgwirizano wa kulenga kwa ambuye odabwitsa kunali ballet ya TV "House by the Road" yochokera ku A. Tvardovsky, yopangidwa ndi V. Vasiliev. Mu 1986, Leningrad Modern Ballet Theatre motsogoleredwa ndi B. Eifman adawonetsa ballet Lieutenant Romashov potengera nkhani ya A. Kuprin The Duel. Mu ntchito zonse ziwiri, zomwe zinakhala zochitika zodziwika bwino m'moyo wathu wanyimbo, zidawoneka bwino kwambiri za nyimbo za Gavrilin. Mu March 1989, woimba anamaliza mphambu ya ballet "Ukwati wa Balzaminov" pambuyo A. Ostrovsky, amene anapeza thupi lake cinematic mu filimu latsopano A. Belinsky.

Msonkhano uliwonse watsopano ndi ntchito ya Valery Gavrilin umakhala chochitika mu chikhalidwe chathu. Nyimbo zake nthawi zonse zimabweretsa kukoma mtima ndi kuwala, zomwe wolemba mwiniwakeyo ananena kuti: "Pali kuwala ndipo kudzakhalako nthawi zonse. Ndipo nthawi zonse zidzakhala zosangalatsa kupita poyera, kuti muwone momwe dziko la Russia lilili lalikulu komanso lokongola! Ndipo mosasamala kanthu za mmene dziko lisinthira, pali kukongola, chikumbumtima, ndi chiyembekezo mmenemo.”

N. Salnis