OPHUNZIRA ACHINYAMATA MOZART NDI MUSIC SUKULU: ABWENZI M'ZAKA ZAKA.

      Wolfgang Mozart sanatipatsa nyimbo zake zabwino zokha, komanso adatitsegulira (monga Columbus adatsegulira njira  America) njira yopita kumtunda wapamwamba wanyimbo kuyambira ali mwana. Dziko silinadziwe winanso wonyezimira wa nyimbo, yemwe adawonetsa luso lake ali aang'ono. "The Triumphant Prodigy." Chochitika cha talente yowala ya ana.

     Wolfgang wachichepere akutitumizira chizindikiro cha m’zaka zake za zana la 1: “Musawope, mabwenzi anga achichepere, yerekezani. Zaka zazing'ono sizolepheretsa… Ndikudziwa zimenezo motsimikiza. Achinyamatafe timatha kuchita zinthu zambiri zimene akuluakulu sadziwa n’komwe.” Mozart amauza poyera chinsinsi cha kupambana kwake kodabwitsa: adapeza makiyi atatu agolide omwe amatha kutsegula njira yopita kukachisi wa Nyimbo. Makiyi awa ndi (2) kulimbikira mwamphamvu kukwaniritsa cholinga, (3) luso ndi (XNUMX) kukhala ndi woyendetsa ndege wabwino pafupi yemwe angakuthandizeni kulowa mdziko la nyimbo. Kwa Mozart, abambo ake anali woyendetsa ndege wotero,  woyimba wabwino kwambiri komanso mphunzitsi waluso. Mnyamatayo ananena za iye mwaulemu kuti: “Otsatira Mulungu, atate okha.” Wolfgang anali mwana womvera. Mphunzitsi wanu wanyimbo ndi makolo anu adzakusonyezani njira yachipambano. Tsatirani malangizo awo ndipo mwina mudzatha kuthana ndi mphamvu yokoka…

       Mozart wachichepere sakanatha kulingalira kuti m’zaka 250 ife, anyamata ndi atsikana amakono, tingatero sangalalani ndi dziko lodabwitsa la makanema ojambula, phulitsani malingaliro anu Makanema a 7D, dzilowetseni kudziko lamasewera apakompyuta…  Kotero, kodi dziko la nyimbo, lopambana kwa Mozart, lazimiririka kosatha poyang'anizana ndi zodabwitsa zathu ndikusiya kukopa kwake?   Ayi konse!

     Zikukhalira, ndipo anthu ambiri sadziwa n'komwe izi, kuti sayansi yamakono ndi luso lamakono, wokhoza kukhazikitsa zipangizo zapadera mu mlengalenga, kulowa mu nanoworld, kutsitsimula nyama zimene zinatha zaka zikwi zapitazo, sangathe synthesis.  ntchito zanyimbo zofanana ndi luso lawo  dziko lapamwamba. Kompyuta yamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, potengera mtundu wa nyimbo "zopangidwa" mochita kupanga, silingathe ngakhale kuyandikira ukadaulo wopangidwa ndi akatswiri azaka zam'mbuyomu. Izi sizikugwira ntchito ku The Magic Flute ndi The Marriage of Figaro, yolembedwa ndi Mozart atakula, komanso opera yake Mithridates, Mfumu ya Ponto, yopangidwa ndi Wolfgang ali ndi zaka 14…

     * Leopold Mozart, woimba wa khoti. Iye ankaimba violin ndi organ. Iye anali wolemba nyimbo ndipo ankatsogolera kwaya ya tchalitchi. Adalemba buku, "Nkhani Yomwe Pazifukwa Zoyimbira Violin." Agogo ake aamuna anali odziwa kumanga. Anagwira ntchito zambiri zophunzitsa.

Atamva mawu awa, anyamata ndi atsikana ambiri adzafuna, makamaka mwachidwi, kuyang'ana mozama mu World of Music. N'zochititsa chidwi kumvetsa chifukwa chimene Mozart anakhala pafupifupi moyo wake wonse mu gawo lina. Ndipo kaya inali 4D, 5D kapena 125  dimension - Dimention?

Amatero kawirikawiri  Maso aakulu akuyaka moto a Wolfgang ankaoneka kuti asiya  kuwona zonse zikuchitika mozungulira. Mawonekedwe ake adakhala oyendayenda, opanda malingaliro. Zinkawoneka kuti malingaliro a woimbayo adamutengera kutali  kwinakwake kutali kwambiri ndi dziko lenileni…  Ndipo mosemphanitsa, pamene Mbuyeyo adasintha kuchokera ku chithunzi cha woimba kupita ku gawo la virtuoso, maso ake adakhala akuthwa modabwitsa, ndipo mayendedwe a manja ndi thupi lake adasonkhanitsidwa momveka bwino. Kodi anali akuchokera kwinakwake? Ndiye zimachokera kuti? Simungachitire mwina koma kukumbukira Harry Potter ...

        Kwa munthu amene akufuna kuloŵa m’dziko lobisika la Mozart, zimenezi zingaoneke ngati zosavuta. Palibe chophweka! Lowani pakompyuta ndikumvera nyimbo zake!  Zikuoneka kuti chirichonse si chophweka. Kumvetsera nyimbo sikovuta kwambiri. Ndizovuta kwambiri kulowa m'dziko la nyimbo (ngakhale ngati omvera), kumvetsetsa kuzama kwa malingaliro a wolemba. Ndipo ambiri akudabwa. N’chifukwa chiyani anthu ena “amawerenga” mauthenga obisika m’nyimbo, pamene ena samatero? Ndiye tiyenera kuchita chiyani? Kupatula apo, ndalama, zida, kapena chinyengo sizingathandize kutsegula chitseko chamtengo wapatali ...

      Mozart wachichepere anali ndi mwayi wodabwitsa ndi makiyi agolide. Kulimbikira kwake kwamphamvu pakuwongolera nyimbo kunakhazikitsidwa pamaziko a chidwi chenicheni, chakuya mu nyimbo, zomwe zidamuzungulira kuyambira pakubadwa. Kumvetsera ali ndi zaka zitatu momwe bambo ake anayamba kuphunzitsa mlongo wake wamkulu kusewera clavier (iye anali ndiye, monga ena a ife, zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri), mnyamatayo anayesa kumvetsa zinsinsi za phokoso. Ndinayesetsa kumvetsa chifukwa chimene mchemwali wanga ankapangitsira mawu omveka bwino, pamene ankangotulutsa mawu osagwirizana. Wolfgang sanaletsedwe kukhala kwa maola ambiri pa chidacho, kufufuza ndi kugwirizanitsa pamodzi, ndi kufufuza nyimbo. Popanda kuzindikira, iye anamvetsa sayansi ya kugwirizana kwa mawu. Iye anakonza ndi kuyesa. Ndinaphunzira kukumbukira nyimbo zimene mchemwali wanga ankaphunzira. Motero, mwanayo anaphunzira paokha, popanda kukakamizidwa kuchita zimene ankakonda. Amanena kuti ali mwana, Wolfgang, ngati sanaimitsidwe, amatha kusewera clavier usiku wonse.          

      Bambowo anaona kuti mwana wawoyo ankakonda kwambiri nyimbo. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka zinayi, adakhala Wolfgang pafupi naye pa harpsichord ndipo mwamasewera adamuphunzitsa kupanga mawu omwe amapanga nyimbo za minuets ndi masewero. Bambo ake anathandiza kulimbitsa ubwenzi wachichepere wa Mozart ndi World of Music. Leopold sanasokoneze mwana wake atakhala kwa nthawi yaitali pa harpsichord ndikuyesera kupanga nyimbo ndi nyimbo. Pokhala munthu wouma mtima kwambiri, bamboyo sanaphwanye kulumikizana kosalimba kwa mwana wake ndi nyimbo. M’malo mwake, analimbikitsa chidwi chake m’njira iliyonse  ku nyimbo.                             

     Wolfgang Mozart anali waluso kwambiri **. Tonse tamva mawu awa - "talente". Mwachidule timamvetsetsa tanthauzo lake. Ndipo nthawi zambiri timadzifunsa ngati ineyo ndili ndi luso kapena ayi. Ndipo ngati ndili ndi talente, ndi zochuluka bwanji… Ndipo ndili ndi luso lanji kwenikweni?   Asayansi sangathe kuyankha motsimikiza mafunso onse okhudzana ndi momwe chochitika ichi chinayambira komanso kuthekera kwa kufalikira kwake ndi cholowa. Mwina ena a inu achinyamata mudzayenera kuthetsa chinsinsi ichi…

**Mawuwa amachokera ku muyeso wakale wa kulemera kwa "talente". M’Baibulo muli fanizo la akapolo atatu amene anapatsidwa khobidi limodzi. Mmodzi anakwirira talente pansi, wina anasinthanitsa. Ndipo wachitatuyo anachuluka. Pakadali pano, zimavomerezedwa kuti "Talente ndi luso lapadera lomwe limawululidwa ndikupeza chidziwitso, kupanga luso." Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti talente imaperekedwa pakubadwa. Asayansi ena experimentally anafika pa mfundo yakuti pafupifupi munthu aliyense amabadwa ndi zilakolako za mtundu wina wa luso, koma ngati amakulitsa izo kapena ayi zimadalira pa zochitika zambiri ndi zinthu, zofunika kwambiri kwa ife ndi mphunzitsi nyimbo. Mwa njira, abambo a Mozart, Leopold, sanakhulupirire kuti ngakhale luso la Wolfgang linali lalikulu bwanji, zotsatira zazikulu sizikanatheka popanda kugwira ntchito mwakhama.  zosatheka. Mkhalidwe wake wozama pa maphunziro a mwana wake umatsimikiziridwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi mawu a m'kalata yake: "... Mphindi iliyonse yotayika imatayika kwamuyaya ... "!!!

     Taphunzira kale zambiri za Mozart wachichepere. Tsopano tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa kuti anali munthu wotani, wotani panali khalidwe. Mnyamata Wolfgang anali mnyamata wokoma mtima, wokondana, wansangala komanso wansangala. Anali ndi mtima womvera komanso wosatetezeka. Nthawi zina ankakhulupirira kwambiri komanso wakhalidwe labwino. Iye ankadziwika ndi kuona mtima kodabwitsa. Pali zochitika zodziŵika pamene Mozart wamng’ono, pambuyo pa chipambano china chochita chipambano, poyankha matamando operekedwa kwa iye ndi anthu otchulidwa, anafika pafupi ndi iwo, nayang’ana m’maso mwawo ndi kuwafunsa kuti: “Kodi mumandikondadi?  Kodi mumamukonda kwambiri, kwambiri?  »

        Anali mwana wokonda kwambiri. Wokonda mpaka kuiwala. Izi zidawonekera makamaka m'malingaliro ake okhudza maphunziro a nyimbo. Atakhala pa clavier, adayiwala zonse zapadziko lapansi, ngakhale chakudya ndi nthawi.  Ndi mphamvu zake  anachoka pa chida choimbira.

     Mungakhale ndi chidwi chodziwa kuti pa msinkhu uwu Wolfgang anali wopanda kunyada, kudzikuza komanso kusayamika. Iye anali ndi kachitidwe kosavuta. Koma zomwe sanagwirizane nazo (khalidweli linadziwonetsera lokha ndi mphamvu zake zonse mu msinkhu wokhwima) zinali.  Izi zikutanthauza kusalemekeza nyimbo za ena.

       Mozart wachichepere anadziŵa kukhala bwenzi labwino, lodzipereka. Anapeza mabwenzi mopanda dyera, moona mtima kwambiri. Chinanso ndikuti analibe nthawi komanso mwayi wolankhulana ndi anzawo ...

      Ali ndi zaka zinayi ndi zisanu, Mozart, chifukwa cha khama lake ndi kutsimikiza mtima kwake ndi chichirikizo chachikulu cha atate wake.  anakwanitsa kukhala virtuoso woimba ambiri ntchito nyimbo. Izi zinathandizidwa ndi khutu lodabwitsa la mnyamata pa nyimbo ndi kukumbukira. Posakhalitsa adawonetsa luso lowongolera.

     Ali ndi zaka zisanu, Wolfgang adayamba kupanga nyimbo, ndipo abambo ake adathandizira kusamutsa mubuku la nyimbo. Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, awiri a opus a Mozart adasindikizidwa koyamba, omwe adaperekedwa kwa mwana wamkazi wa mfumu ya ku Austria Victoria ndi Countess Tesse. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi chimodzi, Wolfgang analemba Symphony No. 6 mu F yaikulu (zolemba zoyambirira zimasungidwa mu laibulale ya Jagiellonian University ku Krakow). Wolfgang ndi mlongo wake Maria, pamodzi ndi gulu la oimba, anachita ntchito imeneyi kwa nthawi yoyamba mu Brno. Pokumbukira konsati imeneyo, lero mpikisano wa oimba piyano achichepere amene msinkhu wawo sudutsa zaka khumi ndi chimodzi umachitika chaka chilichonse mumzinda wa Czech uwu. Panali pa msinkhu womwewo pamene Wolfgang, atapemphedwa ndi Mfumu ya ku Austria, Joseph, kuti anapeka sewero lakuti “The Imaginary Shepherdess.”

      Pamene Wolfgang, ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, adapindula kwambiri poimba harpsichord, bambo ake adaganiza zowonetsera luso la mwana wake m'mizinda ina ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya. Uwu unali mwambo wamasiku amenewo. Komanso, Leopold anayamba kuganizira za kupeza malo abwino monga woimba mwana wake. Ndinaganizira za m’tsogolo.

     Ulendo woyamba wa Wolfgang (masiku ano udzatchedwa ulendo) unachitikira mumzinda wa Germany wa Munich ndipo unatha milungu itatu. Zinali zopambana ndithu. Izi zinalimbikitsa bambo anga ndipo posakhalitsa maulendo anayambiranso. Panthawi imeneyi, mnyamatayo anaphunzira kuimba limba, violin, ndipo kenako viola. Ulendo wachiwiri unatenga zaka zitatu zathunthu. Ndili ndi abambo anga, amayi ndi mlongo wanga Maria, ndinayendera ndikupereka ma concert a akuluakulu m'mizinda yambiri ya Germany, France, England ndi Holland. Pambuyo popuma pang'ono, ulendo wopita ku Italy wanyimbo unachitika, kumene Wolfgang anakhala kwa chaka choposa chaka. Nthawi zambiri, moyo wokaona malowu unatenga zaka khumi. Panthawiyi panali kupambana ndi chisoni, chisangalalo chachikulu ndi ntchito yotopetsa (zoimbaimba nthawi zambiri zinkatenga maola asanu). Dziko lapansi lidaphunzira za woyimba waluso wa virtuoso ndi wopeka nyimbo. Koma panali chinthu chinanso: imfa ya amayi anga, matenda aakulu. Wolfgang anadwala  scarlet fever, typhoid fever (anakhala pakati pa moyo ndi imfa kwa miyezi iŵiri), nthomba (anasiya kuona kwa masiku asanu ndi anayi).  Moyo wa "Nomadic" paunyamata, kusintha komwe kumakhala pafupipafupi akakula,  ndipo chofunika kwambiri, talente yake yosawerengeka inapatsa Albert Einstein maziko oti atchule Mozart "mlendo pa dziko lathu, momveka bwino, mwauzimu, komanso mwachizolowezi, tsiku ndi tsiku ..."   

         Kumapeto kwa kukula, ali ndi zaka 17, Mozart akhoza kunyadira kuti anali atalemba kale ma opera anayi, ntchito zingapo zauzimu, symphonies khumi ndi zitatu, sonatas 24 ndi zina zambiri. Mbali yaikulu ya zolengedwa zake inayamba kuwonekera - kuwona mtima, kuphatikiza kwa mawonekedwe okhwima, omveka bwino ndi maganizo ozama. Kuphatikizika kwapadera kwa nyimbo za ku Austrian ndi ku Germany zokhala ndi kumveka bwino kwa ku Italy kudawonekera. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake amadziwika kuti ndi woimba wamkulu kwambiri. Kulowa mwakuya, ndakatulo ndi kukongola koyengeka kwa nyimbo za Mozart kudapangitsa PI Tchaikovsky kuwonetsa ntchito ya Master motere:  “M’chikhutiro changa chakuya, Mozart ndiye malo apamwamba koposa kumene kukongola kwafikirako pankhani ya nyimbo. Palibe amene anandipangitsa kulira, kunjenjemera ndi chisangalalo, kuyambira pakuyandikira kwanga kupita ku chinthu chomwe timachitcha kuti chabwino, monga iye. ”

     Mnyamata wamng'ono wachangu ndi wolimbikira kwambiri anasanduka wopeka odziwika, ambiri amene ntchito zake anakhala katswiri wa symphonic, operatic, konsati ndi nyimbo kwaya.     

                                            “Ndipo anatisiya kutali

                                             Kuthwanima ngati comet

                                             Ndipo kuunika kwake kudalumikizana ndi Kumwamba

                                             Kuwala Kwamuyaya                             (Goethe)    

     Adawulukira mumlengalenga? Kusungunuka mu nyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi? Kapena anakhala nafe? …Zikhale choncho, manda a Mozart sanapezekebe…

      Kodi simunaone kuti mnyamata wina watsitsi lopiringizika atavala jeans ndi T-sheti nthawi zina amayendayenda “m’chipinda choimbira nyimbo” ndi kuyang’ana muofesi mwanu mwamanyazi? Little Wolfgang "amamvetsera" nyimbo zanu ndipo akufuna kuti muchite bwino.