Nikolay Nikolaevich Cherepnin (Nikolai Tcherepnin) |

Nikolai Tcherepnin

Pali dziko lonse, lamoyo, losiyanasiyana, mawu amatsenga ndi maloto amatsenga ... F. Tyutchev

Pa May 19, 1909, Paris yonse yoimba nyimbo inakondwera ndi ballet "Pavilion of Armida", yomwe inatsegula nyimbo yoyamba ya "Russian Season", yokonzedwa ndi wofalitsa waluso wa luso la ku Russia S. Diaghilev. Omwe adapanga "Pavilion of Armida", omwe kwa zaka zambiri adadziwika pamasewera a ballet a dziko lapansi, anali choreographer wotchuka M. Fokin, wojambula A. Benois ndi wolemba nyimbo ndi wochititsa N. Cherepnin.

Wophunzira wa N. Rimsky-Korsakov, bwenzi lapamtima la A. Glazunov ndi A. Lyadov, membala wa gulu lodziwika bwino la "World of Art", woimba yemwe adalandira ulemu kuchokera kwa ambiri a m'nthawi yake, kuphatikizapo S. Rachmaninov, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, A. Pavlova, Z. Paliashvili, M. Balanchivadze, A. Spendnarov, S. Vasilenko, S. Koussevitzky, M. Ravel, G. Piernet. Sh. Monte ndi ena - Cherepnin analowa mu mbiri Russian nyimbo za m'ma XX. imodzi mwamasamba owoneka bwino ngati woyimba nyimbo, kondakitala, woyimba piyano, mphunzitsi.

Cherepnin anabadwira m'banja la dokotala wodziwika bwino wa St. Petersburg, dokotala waumwini F. Dostoevsky. Banja la Cherepnin linasiyanitsidwa ndi zokonda zaluso: bambo wa wolembayo ankadziwa, mwachitsanzo, M. Mussorgsky ndi A. Serov. Tcherepnin anamaliza maphunziro awo ku St. Petersburg University (Faculty of Law) ndi St. Petersburg Conservatory (kalasi ya N. Rimsky-Korsakov). Mpaka 1921, iye anatsogolera moyo yogwira kulenga monga wopeka ndi wochititsa ("Russian Symphony Concertos", zoimbaimba Russian Musical Society, zoimbaimba chilimwe Pavlovsk, "Historical Concerts" mu Moscow; wochititsa Mariinsky Theatre ku St. Opera House ku Tiflis, mu 1909- 14 zaka wochititsa wa "Russian Nyengo" ku Paris, London, Monte Carlo, Rome, Berlin). Chopereka cha Tcherepnin pa maphunziro a nyimbo ndi chachikulu. Pokhala mu 190518. mphunzitsi (kuyambira 1909 pulofesa) wa St. Petersburg Conservatory, anayambitsa kalasi yoyamba yochititsa maphunziro ku Russia. Ophunzira ake - S. Prokofiev, N. Malko, Yu. Shaporin, V. Dranishnikov ndi oimba ena ambiri odziwika bwino - mawu odzipatulira achikondi ndi oyamikira kwa iye m'mabuku awo.

Ntchito za Tcherepnin ku chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za Chijojiya zilinso zazikulu (mu 1918-21 anali mtsogoleri wa Tiflis Conservatory, adachita ngati symphony ndi opera conductor).

Kuyambira 1921, Cherepnin ankakhala ku Paris, anayambitsa Russian Conservatory kumeneko, anagwirizana ndi ballet A. Pavlova, ndipo anayenda monga kondakitala m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Njira yolenga ya N. Tcherepnin inatha zaka zoposa theka la zaka ndipo inadziwika ndi kulengedwa kwa opuss oposa 60 a nyimbo zoimbira, kusintha ndi kusintha kwa ntchito za olemba ena. Mu cholowa cholenga cha wolemba, choyimiridwa ndi mitundu yonse ya nyimbo, pali ntchito zomwe miyambo ya The Mighty Handful ndi P. Tchaikovsky ikupitirira; koma pali (ndipo zambiri) ntchito zomwe zili moyandikana ndi zaluso zatsopano zazaka za zana la XNUMX, koposa zonse kutengera chidwi. Iwo ndi apachiyambi kwambiri ndipo ndi mawu atsopano a nyimbo za Chirasha za nthawi imeneyo.

Malo opangira a Tcherepnin ali ndi ma ballet 16. Opambana a iwo - The Pavilion of Armida (1907), Narcissus ndi Echo (1911), The Mask of the Red Death (1915) - adapangidwira Nyengo zaku Russia. Zofunika kwambiri pa luso lachiyambi cha zaka za zana lino, mutu wachikondi wa kusagwirizana pakati pa maloto ndi zenizeni umapezeka mu ballets izi ndi njira zomwe zimachititsa kuti nyimbo za Tcherepnin zikhale pafupi ndi zojambula za ojambula achi French C. Monet, O. Renoir, A. .Sisley, komanso kuchokera kwa ojambula a ku Russia omwe ali ndi zojambula za mmodzi mwa akatswiri a "nyimbo" kwambiri panthawiyo V. Borisov-Musatov. Zina mwa ntchito za Tcherepnin zinalembedwa pamitu ya nthano zaku Russia (ndakatulo za symphonic "Marya Morevna", "Nthano ya Princess Smile", "The Enchanted Bird, Golden Fish").

Pakati pa oimba nyimbo za Tcherepnin (2 symphonies, Symphonietta pokumbukira N. Rimsky-Korsakov, symphonic ndakatulo "Fate" (pambuyo pa E. Poe), Kusiyana pa mutu wa nyimbo ya msilikali "Nightingale, nightingale, mbalame yaying'ono", Concerto ya piyano ndi oimba, etc.) chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito zake pulogalamu: chiyambi cha symphonic "The Princess of Dreams" (pambuyo pa E. Rostand), symphonic ndakatulo "Macbeth" (pambuyo pa W. Shakespeare), symphonic chithunzi "The Enchanted Ufumu” (mpaka nthano ya Mbalame Yamoto), nthano zochititsa chidwi “Kuchokera m’mphepete mpaka m’mphepete ”(malinga ndi nkhani ya filosofi ya dzina lomweli ndi F. Tyutchev),“ The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish ”(malinga ndi A. . Pushkin).

Zinalembedwa kunja kwa 30s. ma opera The Matchmaker (yochokera pa sewero la A. Ostrovsky Umphawi Si Wotsatira) ndi Vanka The Key Keeper (kutengera masewero a dzina lomwelo ndi F. Sologub) ndi chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi choyambitsa njira zovuta zolembera nyimbo mumtundu wamtunduwu. Nyimbo zamtundu wa opera zachikhalidwe zanyimbo zaku Russia XX mu.

Cherepnin adachita zambiri mumtundu wa cantata-oratorio ("Nyimbo ya Sappho" ndi ntchito zingapo zauzimu monga cappella, kuphatikiza "The Virgin's Passage through Torment" ku zolemba za ndakatulo zauzimu, ndi zina zotero) ndi nyimbo zakwaya ("Night ” pa St. V. Yuryeva-Drentelna, “The Old Song” pa siteshoni ya A. Koltsov, kwaya pa siteshoni ya ndakatulo ya People's Will I. Palmina (“Musamalire mitembo ya omenyana omwe akugwa”) ndi I. Nikitin ("Nthawi imayenda pang'onopang'ono"). Nyimbo za Cherepnin (zokonda zachikondi zoposa 100) zimakhala ndi mitu yambiri ndi ziwembu - kuchokera ku mawu afilosofi ("Liwu la Trumpet" pa siteshoni ya D. Merezhkovsky, "Maganizo ndi Mafunde" pa. F. Tyutchev's station) ku zithunzi za chilengedwe ("Twilight" pa F. Tyutchev), kuchokera ku stylization yoyengedwa ya nyimbo za ku Russia ("Wreath to Gorodetsky") kupita ku nthano ("Fairy Tales" ndi K. Balmont).

Pakati pa ntchito zina za Cherepnin, wina ayenera kutchula piyano yake yodabwitsa "ABC mu Zithunzi" yokhala ndi zojambula za A. Benois, String Quartet, quartets ya nyanga zinayi ndi zina zomwe zimapangidwira nyimbo zosiyanasiyana. Cherepnin ndiyenso mlembi wa ma orchestrations ndi zolemba zambiri za nyimbo za ku Russia (Melnik the Sorcerer, Deceiver and Matchmaker ndi M. Sokolovsky, Sorochinsky Fair ndi M. Mussorgsky, etc.).

Kwa zaka zambiri, dzina la Tcherepnin silinawonekere pa zisudzo ndi zikwangwani za konsati, ndipo ntchito zake sizinasindikizidwe. Mu ichi adagawana tsogolo la ojambula ambiri a ku Russia omwe adapita kunja pambuyo pa kusintha. Tsopano ntchito ya woimbayo potsiriza watenga malo ake oyenerera mu mbiri ya Russian nyimbo chikhalidwe; angapo symphonic zambiri ndi bukhu la zokumbukira zake zasindikizidwa, ndi Sonatina op. 61 kwa mphepo, phokoso ndi xylophone, luso lapamwamba la N. Tcherepnin ndi M. Fokine, ballet "Pavilion of Armida" ikuyembekezera chitsitsimutso chake.

ZA. Tompakova