Alexander Afanasyevich Spendiarov |

Alexander Spendiarov

AA Spendiarov nthawi zonse anali pafupi komanso wokondedwa kwa ine monga woyimba waluso kwambiri komanso woyimba yemwe ali ndi luso labwino komanso losinthasintha. … Mu nyimbo za AA munthu akhoza kumva kutsitsimuka kwa kudzoza, kununkhira kwa mtundu, kuwona mtima ndi kukongola kwa malingaliro ndi ungwiro wa zokongoletsera. A. Glazunov

A. Spendiarov adalowa m'mbiri yakale monga nyimbo zachi Armenian, zomwe zinayika maziko a symphony ya dziko ndikupanga imodzi mwa zisudzo zabwino kwambiri za dziko. Anachitanso gawo lalikulu pakupanga sukulu ya Armenia ya olemba nyimbo. Atakhazikitsa mwadongosolo miyambo ya symphonism ya ku Russia (A. Borodin, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, A. Lyadov) pamtundu wa dziko, adakulitsa malingaliro, ophiphiritsa, ophiphiritsa, amtundu wanyimbo zaku Armenia, adakulitsa njira zake zofotokozera.

“Pa zisonkhezero za nyimbo paubwana wanga ndi unyamata wanga,” akukumbukira motero Spendiarov, “champhamvu koposa chinali kuliza piyano kwa amayi, kumene ndinkakonda kumvetsera ndi kumene mosakayikira kunadzutsa mwa ine kukonda nyimbo koyambirira.” Ngakhale kuti anali ndi luso loyambirira, adayamba kuphunzira nyimbo mochedwa - ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Posapita nthaŵi, kuphunzira kuimba piyano kunayambitsa maphunziro a violin. Zoyesera zoyamba za kulenga za Spendiarov ndi zaka za maphunziro a Simferopol gymnasium: amayesa kupeka kuvina, kuguba, zachikondi.

Mu 1880, Spendiarov analowa Moscow University, anaphunzira pa mphamvu ya Chilamulo ndi pa nthawi yomweyo anapitiriza kuphunzira violin, kuimba oimba wophunzira. Kuchokera kwa wotsogolera wa oimba ili, N. Klenovsky, Spendiarov amatenga maphunziro a chiphunzitso, zolemba, ndipo atamaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite (1896) amapita ku St.

Kale pa maphunziro ake, Spendiarov analemba angapo zidutswa mawu ndi zida, amene nthawi yomweyo anatchuka kwambiri. Zina mwazo ndi zachikondi "Oriental Melody" ("To the Rose") ndi "Oriental Lullaby Song", "Concert Overture" (1900). M’zaka zimenezi, Spendiarov anakumana ndi A. Glazunov, A. Lyadov, N. Tigranyan. Kudziwana kumakula kukhala ubwenzi waukulu, wosungidwa mpaka mapeto a moyo. Kuyambira 1900, Spendiarov makamaka ankakhala ku Crimea (Yalta, Feodosia, Sudak). Pano amalankhulana ndi oimira odziwika bwino a chikhalidwe cha ku Russia: M. Gorky, A. Chekhov, L. Tolstoy, I. Bunin, F. Chaliapin, S. Rakhmaninov. Alendo a Spendiarov anali A. Glazunov, F. Blumenfeld, oimba a opera E. Zbrueva ndi E. Mravina.

Mu 1902, ali ku Yalta, Gorky anayambitsa Spendiarov mu ndakatulo yake "The Fisherman and the Fairy" ndipo anapereka ngati chiwembu. Posakhalitsa, pamaziko ake, imodzi mwa nyimbo zabwino kwambiri za woimbayo idapangidwa - ballad ya bass ndi orchestra, yochitidwa ndi Chaliapin m'chilimwe cha chaka chimenecho pa madzulo amodzi oimba. Spendiarov anatembenukira ku ntchito ya Gorky kachiwiri mu 1910, iye analemba melodeclamation "Edelweiss" zochokera sewero la "Summer Residents", potero kufotokoza maganizo ake apamwamba ndale. Pankhani imeneyi, ndizodziwikanso kuti mu 1905 Spendiarov adasindikiza kalata yotseguka potsutsa kuchotsedwa kwa N. Rimsky-Korsakov kuchokera ku pulofesa wa St. Petersburg Conservatory. Chikumbukiro cha mphunzitsi wokondedwa chimaperekedwa ku "Maliro Prelude" (1908).

Poyambitsa C. Cui, m'chilimwe cha 1903, Spendiarov anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ku Yalta, kuchita bwino mndandanda woyamba wa Crimea Sketches. Pokhala womasulira bwino kwambiri nyimbo zake, iye ankaimba mobwerezabwereza ngati kondakitala m’mizinda ya Russia ndi Transcaucasus, ku Moscow ndi St.

Chidwi mu nyimbo za anthu okhala ku Crimea, makamaka Armenians ndi Crimea Chitata, ophatikizidwa ndi Spendiarov mu ntchito zingapo mawu ndi symphonic. Nyimbo zenizeni za Crimea Tatars zinagwiritsidwa ntchito mu imodzi mwazojambula zabwino kwambiri za woimbayo muzojambula ziwiri za "Crimea Sketches" za orchestra (1903, 1912). Malingana ndi buku la X. Abovyan "Mabala a ku Armenia", kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, nyimbo ya heroic "Kumeneko, pamunda wa ulemu" inapangidwa. Chivundikiro cha ntchito yofalitsidwayo chinapangidwa ndi M. Saryan, umene unatumikira monga nthaŵi yodziŵitsa oimira olemekezeka aŵiri a chikhalidwe cha ku Armenia. Iwo anapereka ndalama zochokera m’bukuli ku komiti yothandiza anthu amene anakhudzidwa ndi nkhondoyi ku Turkey. Spendiarov anali ndi cholinga cha tsoka la anthu a ku Armenia (kuphedwa kwa fuko) mu heroic-patriotic aria kwa baritone ndi orchestra "Ku Armenia" ku mavesi a I. Ionisyan. Ntchito izi zinali ndi zochitika zazikulu mu ntchito ya Spendiarov ndipo zinatsegula njira yopangira masewero okonda dziko "Almast" potengera chiwembu cha ndakatulo ya "The Capture of Tmkabert" ya O. Tumanyan, yomwe ikufotokoza za nkhondo yomasulidwa. mwa anthu aku Armenia m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. motsutsana ndi ogonjetsa Aperisi. M. Saryan anathandiza Spendiarov pofufuza libretto, n’kuuza wolemba ndakatulo wina ku Tbilisi kuti O. Tumanyan. Zolembazo zinalembedwa pamodzi, ndipo libretto inalembedwa ndi ndakatulo S. Parnok.

Asanayambe kupeka opera, Spendiarov anayamba kudziunjikira zinthu: iye anasonkhanitsa Armenian ndi Persian ndi nyimbo ashug, ndinadziwa makonzedwe a zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana za nyimbo kum'mawa. Ntchito yachindunji pa opera inayamba pambuyo pake ndipo inamalizidwa Spendiarov atasamukira ku Yerevan mu 1924 ataitanidwa ndi boma la Soviet Armenia.

Nthawi yotsiriza ya ntchito Spendiarov kulenga kugwirizana ndi kutenga nawo mbali yogwira ntchito yomanga achinyamata Soviet nyimbo chikhalidwe. Ku Crimea (ku Sudak) amagwira ntchito mu dipatimenti ya maphunziro a anthu ndipo amaphunzitsa mu situdiyo ya nyimbo, amatsogolera makwaya osaphunzira ndi oimba, amakonza nyimbo zachi Russia ndi Chiyukireniya. ntchito zake anayambiranso monga kondakitala wa zoimbaimba wolemba anakonza mu mizinda ya Crimea, mu Moscow ndi Leningrad. Mu konsati yomwe inachitikira ku Great Hall ya Leningrad Philharmonic pa December 5, 1923, pamodzi ndi chithunzi cha symphonic "Three Palm Trees", mndandanda wachiwiri wa "Crimean Sketches" ndi "Lullaby", gulu loyamba la opera "Almast". ” inachitidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba, zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu otsutsawo ayankhe bwino .

Kusamukira ku Armenia (Yerevan) anakhudza kwambiri malangizo a Spendiarov kulenga. Amaphunzitsa ku Conservatory, akugwira nawo ntchito mu bungwe la symphony orchestra yoyamba ku Armenia, ndipo akupitiriza kuchita monga wotsogolera. Ndi chidwi chomwechi, wolembayo amalemba ndikuwerenga nyimbo zachi Armenian, ndipo zimasindikizidwa.

Spendiarov adalera ophunzira ambiri omwe pambuyo pake adakhala oimba nyimbo za Soviet. Awa ndi N. Chemberdzhi, L. Khodja-Einatov, S. Balasanyan ndi ena. Iye anali mmodzi mwa oyamba kuyamikira ndi kuthandizira talente ya A. Khachaturian. Zopindulitsa za Spendiarov zophunzitsa ndi zoimba komanso zamagulu sizinalepheretse kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya wolemba wake. M'zaka zaposachedwapa iye analenga angapo ntchito zake zabwino, kuphatikizapo chitsanzo chodabwitsa cha symphony dziko "Erivan Etudes" (1925) ndi opera "Almast" (1928). Spendiarov anali wodzaza ndi mapulani a kulenga: lingaliro la symphony "Sevan", symphony-cantata "Armenia", yomwe wolembayo ankafuna kusonyeza tsogolo la mbiri ya anthu ake, okhwima. Koma zolinga zimenezi sizinali zoti zichitike. Mu April 1928, Spendiarov anadwala chimfine, anadwala chibayo, ndipo May 7 anamwalira. Phulusa la woimbayo limayikidwa m'munda kutsogolo kwa Yerevan Opera House yotchedwa dzina lake.

Creativity Spendiarov chikhumbo chobadwa nacho cha mawonekedwe amtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wachilengedwe, moyo wa anthu. Nyimbo zake zimakopa chidwi ndi mawu anyimbo zofewa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zolinga za zionetsero za chikhalidwe cha anthu, chikhulupiriro cholimba mu kumasulidwa kukubwera ndi chisangalalo cha anthu ake oleza mtima zimadutsa mu ntchito zingapo zodabwitsa za wolemba. Ndi ntchito yake, Spendiarov adakweza nyimbo za Chiameniya kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri, adakulitsa ubale wanyimbo waku Armenian-Russian, adalemeretsa chikhalidwe cha nyimbo cha dziko ndi luso lazojambula zaku Russia.

D. Arutyunov