Gaspare Spontini (Gaspare Spontini) |

Gaspare Spontini

Spontini. "Vestal". "O nume tutelar" (Maria Callas)

Gaspare Spontini anabadwira ku Maiolati, Ancona. Anaphunzira ku Pieta dei Turchini Conservatory ku Naples. Pakati pa aphunzitsi ake panali N. Piccinni. Mu 1796, sewero loyamba la sewero loyamba la woimbayo, The Caprices of a Woman, lidachitika ku Rome. Pambuyo pake, Spontini adapanga ma opera pafupifupi 20. Anakhala nthawi yambiri ya moyo wake ku France (1803-1820 ndi pambuyo pa 1842) ndi Germany (1820-1842).

Pa nthawi ya ku France (yaikulu) ya moyo wake ndi ntchito, adalemba ntchito zake zazikulu: "Vestalka" (1807), Fernand Cortes (1809) ndi Olympia (1819). Wolembayo amasiyanitsidwa ndi pomposity, pathos ndi sikelo, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mzimu wa Napoleonic France, komwe adachita bwino kwambiri (nthawi zina anali wopeka wa Mfumukazi ya khoti). Ntchito ya Spontini imadziwika ndi kusintha kuchokera ku miyambo ya Gluck ya m'zaka za zana la 18 kupita ku "waikulu" ya opera ya ku France ya m'zaka za zana la 19 (mwa oimira ake abwino Aubert, Meyerbeer). Zojambula za Spontini zidayamikiridwa ndi Wagner, Berlioz ndi akatswiri ena akuluakulu azaka za zana la 19.

Mu Vestal, ntchito yake yabwino kwambiri, wolembayo adatha kufotokoza momveka bwino, osati m'magulu a anthu omwe amadzaza ndi maulendo amphamvu ndi olimba mtima, komanso m'zochitika zamtima. Iye makamaka bwino udindo waukulu Julia (kapena Julia). Ulemerero wa "Vestal" mwamsanga unadutsa malire a France. Mu 1811 idachitika ku Berlin. M'chaka chomwecho, kuwonetseratu kunachitika ku Naples ku Italy ndi kupambana kwakukulu (komwe ndi Isabella Colbran). Mu 1814, chiwonetsero cha ku Russia chinachitika ku St. Petersburg (mu gawo lalikulu, Elizaveta Sandunova). M’zaka za m’ma 20, Rosa Poncelle (1925, Metropolitan), Maria Callas (1957, La Scala), Leila Gencher (1969, Palermo) ndi ena anaonekera pa udindo wa Julia. Osewera a Yulia ochokera ku sewero lachiwiri ali m'gulu la akatswiri oimba "Tu che invoco" ndi "O Nume tutelar" (mtundu waku Italy).

Mu 1820-1842 Spontini ankakhala ku Berlin, kumene iye anali wopeka bwalo ndi wochititsa wamkulu wa Royal Opera. Panthawi imeneyi, ntchito ya woimbayo inachepa. Sanathenso kupanga chilichonse chofanana ndi ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri za nthawi yaku France.

E. Tsodokov

Gaspape Luigi Pacifico Spontini (XI 14, 1774, Maiolati-Spontini, Prov. Ancona - 24 I 1851, ibid) - Wolemba nyimbo wa ku Italy. Membala wa Prussian (1833) ndi Parisian (1839) academy of arts. Anachokera kwa anthu wamba. Analandira maphunziro ake oimba ku Jesi, adaphunzira ndi oimba J. Menghini ndi V. Chuffalotti. Anaphunzira pa Pieta dei Turchini Conservatory ku Naples ndi N. Sala ndi J. Tritto; kenako, kwa nthawi ndithu, adaphunzira kuchokera kwa N. Piccinni.

Anayamba kuwonekera mu 1796 ndi sewero lamasewera la The Caprices of a Woman (Li puntigli delle donne, Pallacorda Theatre, Rome). Adapanga zisudzo zambiri (buffa ndi seria) za Rome, Naples, Florence, Venice. Potsogolera tchalitchi cha khoti la Neapolitan, mu 1798-99 anali ku Palermo. Pokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zisudzo zake, adayenderanso mizinda ina ku Italy.

Mu 1803-20 iye ankakhala mu Paris. Kuyambira 1805 iye anali "wopeka nyumba ya Mfumukazi", kuchokera 1810 wotsogolera "Theatre wa Empress", kenako - wopeka bwalo la Louis XVIII (anapereka Order la Legion of Honor). Ku Paris, adapanga ndikuchita zisudzo zambiri, kuphatikiza The Vestal Virgin (1805; Best Opera of the Decade Award, 1810), momwe adawonetsera mawonekedwe a Empire pabwalo la opera. Zochititsa chidwi, zomvetsa chisoni, zodzaza ndi maguba aulemu, zisudzo za Spontini zinali zogwirizana ndi mzimu wa ufumu wa France. Kuyambira 1820 iye anali wopeka bwalo ndi mkulu wa nyimbo mkulu Berlin, kumene anachita angapo opera atsopano.

Mu 1842, chifukwa cha mkangano ndi anthu opera (Spontini sanamvetse azimuth dziko latsopano mu zisudzo German, woimiridwa ndi ntchito ya KM Weber), Spontini ananyamuka ku Paris. Kumapeto kwa moyo wake anabwerera kwawo. Zolemba za Spontini, zomwe zidapangidwa atakhala ku Paris, zidatsimikizira kufowoka kwa malingaliro ake olenga: adadzibwereza yekha, sanapeze mfundo zoyambirira. Choyamba, opera "Bestalka", yomwe inatsegula njira ya opera ya ku France ya m'zaka za zana la 19, ili ndi mbiri yakale. Spontini anali ndi chisonkhezero chowonekera pa ntchito ya J. Meyerbeer.

Zolemba:

machitidwe (pafupifupi zambiri za 20 zasungidwa), kuphatikiza. Anadziwika ndi Theseus (1898, Florence), Julia, kapena Flower Pot (1805, Opera Comic, Paris), Vestal (1805, post. 1807, Imperial Academy of Music, Berlin), Fernand Cortes, kapena Conquest of Mexico ( 1809 , ibid; 2nd ed. 1817), Olympia (1819, Court Opera House, Berlin; 2nd ed. 1821, ibid.), Alcidor (1825, ibid.), Agnes von Hohenstaufen (1829, ibid. ); cantatas, mass Ndi zina

TH Solovieva