Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov |

Alexander Glazunov

Glazunov adapanga dziko lachisangalalo, chisangalalo, mtendere, kuthawa, kukwatulidwa, kulingalira ndi zina zambiri, osangalala nthawi zonse, omveka bwino komanso ozama, olemekezeka nthawi zonse, amapiko ... A. Lunacharsky

Mnzake wa olemba The Mighty Handful, bwenzi la A. Borodin, yemwe anamaliza nyimbo zake zomwe sanamalizike pamtima, ndi mphunzitsi yemwe anathandiza D. Shostakovich wamng'ono m'zaka za chiwonongeko cha pambuyo pa kusintha ... Tsogolo la A. Glazunov zowoneka zikuphatikiza kupitiliza kwa nyimbo zaku Russia ndi Soviet. Thanzi lamphamvu lamalingaliro, mphamvu zoletsa zamkati ndi ulemu wosasintha - umunthu wa wolemba nyimbowu unakopa oimba amalingaliro amodzi, omvera, ndi ophunzira ambiri kwa iye. Atapangidwa kale ali wamng'ono, iwo anasankha maziko a ntchito yake.

Kukula kwa nyimbo za Glazunov kunali kofulumira. Wobadwira m'banja la wosindikiza mabuku wotchuka, wolemba nyimbo wam'tsogolo adaleredwa kuyambira ali mwana mumkhalidwe wokonda kupanga nyimbo, akukondweretsa achibale ake ndi luso lake lapadera - khutu labwino kwambiri la nyimbo komanso luso loloweza nyimbo nthawi yomweyo. nthawi ina anamva. Pambuyo pake Glazunov anakumbukira kuti: “Tinkaseŵera kwambiri m’nyumba mwathu, ndipo ndinakumbukira mwamphamvu maseŵero onse amene anachitidwa. Nthawi zambiri usiku, ndikudzuka, ndimabwezeretsa mwatsatanetsatane zomwe ndidamva kale ... "Aphunzitsi oyambirira a mnyamatayo anali oimba piyano N. Kholodkova ndi E. Elenkovsky. Ntchito yotsimikizika pakupanga kwa woimbayo idaseweredwa ndi makalasi ndi oimba akulu kwambiri a sukulu ya St. Petersburg - M. Balakirev ndi N. Rimsky-Korsakov. Kulankhulana nawo kunathandiza Glazunov modabwitsa kufika pa kukula kwa kulenga ndipo posakhalitsa anakula kukhala mabwenzi a anthu amalingaliro ofanana.

Njira ya woimba wachinyamatayo kwa omvera inayamba ndi chigonjetso. Symphony yoyamba ya wolemba wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi (yoyamba mu 1882) idadzutsa mayankho achangu kuchokera kwa anthu ndi atolankhani, ndipo adayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi anzake. M'chaka chomwecho, msonkhano unachitika, womwe unakhudza kwambiri tsogolo la Glazunov. Pakubwereza kwa First Symphony, woimba wachinyamatayo anakumana ndi M. Belyaev, wodziwa bwino nyimbo, wamalonda wamkulu wa matabwa ndi wothandiza anthu, yemwe anachita zambiri kuti athandize olemba nyimbo a ku Russia. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, njira za Glazunov ndi Belyaev zimadutsa nthawi zonse. Posakhalitsa woimba wamng'ono anakhala wokhazikika pa Lachisanu Belyaev. Madzulo oimba a sabata awa amakopa m'ma 80s ndi 90s. mphamvu zabwino kwambiri za nyimbo zaku Russia. Pamodzi ndi Belyaev Glazunov anayenda ulendo wautali kunja, anadziwa malo chikhalidwe Germany, Switzerland, France, analemba nyimbo wowerengeka ku Spain ndi Morocco (1884). Paulendowu, chochitika chosaiwalika chinachitika: Glazunov adayendera F. Liszt ku Weimar. Pamalo omwewo, pa chikondwerero choperekedwa ku ntchito ya Liszt, Symphony yoyamba ya wolemba Russian idachitidwa bwino.

Kwa zaka zambiri, Glazunov ankagwirizana ndi ana a Belyaev omwe ankakonda kwambiri - nyumba yosindikizira nyimbo ndi ma concert a symphony aku Russia. Pambuyo pa imfa ya woyambitsa kampaniyo (1904), Glazunov, pamodzi ndi Rimsky-Korsakov ndi A. Lyadov, adakhala membala wa Bungwe la Oyang'anira kuti alimbikitse olemba ndi oimba aku Russia, omwe adalengedwa ndi chifuniro ndi ndalama za Belyaev. . M'munda wanyimbo ndi anthu, Glazunov anali ndi ulamuliro waukulu. Ulemu wa ogwira nawo ntchito chifukwa cha luso lake ndi zochitika zake unakhazikitsidwa pa maziko olimba: kukhulupirika kwa woimba, kukwanira ndi kukhulupirika kwa kristalo. Woipekayo anaunika ntchito yakeyo mosamala kwambiri, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri ankakayikira zowawa. makhalidwe amenewa anapereka mphamvu kwa ntchito mopanda dyera pa nyimbo za bwenzi wakufayo: nyimbo Borodin, amene kale anachita ndi wolemba, koma sanalembedwe chifukwa cha imfa yake mwadzidzidzi, anapulumutsidwa chifukwa cha kukumbukira zozizwitsa Glazunov. Choncho, opera Prince Igor anamaliza (pamodzi ndi Rimsky-Korsakov), gawo 2 la Third Symphony anabwezeretsedwa pamtima ndi anaimba.

Mu 1899, Glazunov anakhala pulofesa, ndipo mu December 1905, mkulu wa St. Petersburg Conservatory, yakale kwambiri ku Russia. Kusankhidwa kwa Glazunov monga wotsogolera kudayambika ndi nthawi ya mayesero. Misonkhano yambiri ya ophunzira idapereka chikhumbo cha kudziyimira pawokha kwa Conservatory kuchokera ku Imperial Russian Musical Society. Mu mkhalidwe uwu, amene anagawa aphunzitsi m'misasa iwiri, Glazunov momveka bwino udindo wake, kuthandiza ophunzira. Mu March 1905, pamene Rimsky-Korsakov anaimbidwa mlandu wochititsa ophunzira kupanduka ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito, Glazunov pamodzi ndi Lyadov anasiya kukhala maprofesa. Patapita masiku angapo, Glazunov anachititsa Rimsky-Korsakov "Kashchei Wosakhoza kufa", yokonzedwa ndi ophunzira a Conservatory. Sewerolo, lodzaza ndi mayanjano andale, lidatha ndi msonkhano wongochitika. Glazunov anakumbukira kuti: “Kenako ndinadziika pangozi ya kuthamangitsidwa ku St. Petersburg, komabe ndinavomereza zimenezo.” Poyankha zochitika zakusintha mu 1905, kusinthidwa kwa nyimbo "Hey, tiyeni tizipita!" adawonekera. kwa kwaya ndi okhestra. Pokhapokha atapatsidwa ufulu wodzilamulira yekha, Glazunov anabwerera ku kuphunzitsa. Apanso pokhala wotsogolera, adafufuza zonse za ndondomeko ya maphunziro ndi kukhazikika kwake mwachizolowezi. Ndipo ngakhale kuti wopeka nyimboyo anadandaula m’makalata kuti: “Ndalemedwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yosunga mwambo kotero kuti ndilibe nthaŵi yolingalira za chirichonse, mwamsanga ponena za nkhaŵa zamasiku ano,” kulankhulana ndi ophunzira kunakhala chosoŵa chake chofulumira. Achinyamata nawonso anakopeka Glazunov, kumverera mwa iye mbuye weniweni ndi mphunzitsi.

Pang'onopang'ono, ntchito za maphunziro ndi maphunziro zinakhala zazikulu za Glazunov, kukankhira malingaliro a wolembayo. Ntchito yake yophunzitsa komanso yoimba nyimbo idakula kwambiri m'zaka zakusintha ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Mbuyeyo anali ndi chidwi ndi chirichonse: mpikisano wa akatswiri ojambula masewera, ndi machitidwe oyendetsa, ndi kulankhulana ndi ophunzira, ndikuwonetsetsa moyo wabwino wa mapulofesa ndi ophunzira muzochitika zowonongeka. ntchito Glazunov analandira kuzindikira konsekonse: mu 1921 anali kupereka udindo wa People's Artist.

Kulankhulana ndi Conservatory sikunasokonezedwe mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wa mbuye. Zaka zomaliza (1928-36) woimba wokalamba adakhala kunja. Matenda ankamuvutitsa, maulendo ankamutopetsa. Koma Glazunov nthawi zonse ankabwerera maganizo ake ku Motherland, kwa abwenzi ake m'manja, ku zinthu ndiwofatsa. Iye analembera anzake ndi anzake kuti: “Ndakusowani nonse.” Glazunov anamwalira ku Paris. Mu 1972, phulusa lake linatengedwa kupita ku Leningrad ndi kuikidwa m'manda mu Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Njira ya Glazunov mu nyimbo imakhala pafupifupi theka la zaka. Zinali zokwera ndi zotsika. Kutali ndi kwawo, Glazunov analemba pafupifupi kalikonse, kupatula ma concerto awiri oimba (saxophone ndi cello) ndi ma quartets awiri. Kukwera kwakukulu kwa ntchito yake kumagwera pa 80-90s. Zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi koyambirira kwa 5s. Ngakhale nthawi zamavuto olenga, kuchuluka kwa nyimbo, chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro, m'zaka izi Glazunov adapanga nyimbo zazikuluzikulu zazikuluzikulu (ndakatulo, zongopeka, zongopeka), kuphatikiza "Stenka Razin", "Forest", "Sea", "Kremlin", gulu la symphonic "Kuchokera ku Middle Ages". Nthawi yomweyo, zida zambiri za zingwe (2 mwa zisanu ndi ziwiri) ndi ntchito zina zophatikizika zidawonekera. Palinso ma concerto ofunikira mu cholowa cha Glazunov (kuphatikiza omwe atchulidwa - ma concerto XNUMX a piyano komanso konsati yotchuka ya violin), zachikondi, kwaya, ma cantatas. Komabe, zopambana zazikulu za wolembayo zimagwirizana ndi nyimbo za symphonic.

Palibe m'modzi mwa olemba nyimbo zakumapeto kwa XIX - koyambirira kwa zaka za XX. sanasamalire kwambiri mtundu wa symphony monga Glazunov: ma symphonies ake 8 amapanga chizungulire chachikulu, chokulirapo pakati pa ntchito zamitundu ina ngati mapiri akulu kumbuyo kwa mapiri. Kukulitsa kutanthauzira kwachikale kwa symphony monga gawo la magawo ambiri, kupereka chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha dziko lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoimbira, Glazunov adatha kuzindikira mphatso yake yanyimbo yowolowa manja, malingaliro abwino pomanga nyimbo zovuta zamitundumitundu. Kusiyanitsa kophiphiritsira kwa ma symphonies a Glazunov pakati pawo kumangotsindika mgwirizano wawo wamkati, wozikidwa mu chikhumbo cholimbikira cha wolembayo kuti agwirizane ndi nthambi za 2 za symphonism ya ku Russia yomwe inalipo mofanana: nyimbo-zochititsa chidwi (P. Tchaikovsky) ndi zithunzi-epic (olemba a The Mighty Hand. ). Chifukwa cha kaphatikizidwe ka miyambo imeneyi, chodabwitsa chatsopano chikuwuka - symphonism ya Glazunov, yomwe imakopa omvera ndi kuwona mtima kwake kowala komanso mphamvu zake zolimba. Kuyimba kwanyimbo kokometsetsa, kukakamiza kochititsa chidwi komanso zowoneka bwino zamtundu wanyimbo zimayenderana, kusungitsa chisangalalo chonse cha nyimboyo. "Palibe kusagwirizana mu nyimbo za Glazunov. Ndiwokhazikika komanso wokhazikika wamalingaliro ofunikira komanso zomverera zomwe zimamveka m'mawu…” (B. Asafiev). Mu ma symphonies a Glazunov, wina amakhudzidwa ndi kugwirizana ndi kumveka kwa zomangamanga, luso losatha pogwira ntchito ndi thematics, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gulu la orchestral.

Ma ballet a Glazunov amathanso kutchedwa zojambula zowonjezera za symphonic, momwe kugwirizana kwa chiwembucho kumabwerera kumbuyo kusanachitike ntchito za nyimbo zomveka bwino. Wodziwika kwambiri mwa iwo ndi "Raymonda" (1897). Zongopeka za wolembayo, yemwe wakhala akuchita chidwi kwambiri ndi nthano zachivalric, zidapangitsa kuti pakhale zithunzi zokongola zamitundumitundu - chikondwerero munyumba yachifumu yakale, zovina zachi Spanish-Arabic ndi Hungarian ... . Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi zithunzi zambirimbiri, mmene zizindikiro za mtundu wa dziko zimasonyezedwa mochenjera. "Raymonda" adapeza moyo wautali m'bwalo la zisudzo (kuyambira pakupanga koyamba ndi choreographer wotchuka M. Petipa), komanso pa siteji ya konsati (mwa mawonekedwe a suite). Chinsinsi cha kutchuka kwake chagona mu kukongola kwabwino kwa nyimbo, m'makalata enieni a nyimbo ndi nyimbo za orchestra kupulasitiki ya kuvina.

M'ma ballet otsatirawa, Glazunov amatsata njira yopondereza ntchitoyo. Umu ndi momwe The Young Maid, kapena Trial of Damis (1898) ndi The Four Seasons (1898) adawonekera - ma ballet amodzi adapangidwanso mogwirizana ndi Petipa. Chiwembucho ndi chopanda pake. Yoyamba ndi ubusa wokongola kwambiri mumzimu wa Watteau (wojambula wa ku France wazaka za zana la XNUMX), yachiwiri ndi nthano zamuyaya za chilengedwe, zojambulidwa muzojambula zinayi zanyimbo ndi zojambula: "Zima", "Spring", "Chilimwe". ”, “Nyengo”. Chikhumbo chakufupikitsa komanso kukongoletsa kotsimikizika kwa ma ballet amtundu umodzi wa Glazunov, kukopa kwa wolemba munthawi yazaka za zana la XNUMX, zojambulidwa modabwitsa - zonsezi zimapangitsa munthu kukumbukira zokonda za akatswiri a World of Art.

Consonance ya nthawi, malingaliro a mbiri yakale amakhala mu Glazunov mumitundu yonse. Kulondola momveka bwino komanso kumveka bwino kwa zomangamanga, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kwa polyphony - popanda makhalidwe amenewa ndizosatheka kulingalira maonekedwe a Glazunov symphonist. Zomwezo m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamalembedwe zidakhala zofunikira kwambiri panyimbo zazaka za zana la XNUMX. Ndipo ngakhale Glazunov adakhalabe wogwirizana ndi miyambo yakale, zambiri zomwe adapeza zidakonza pang'onopang'ono zomwe zidatulukira m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. V. Stasov amatchedwa Glazunov "Russian Samson". Zowonadi, wochita zamatsenga yekha ndi yemwe angakhazikitse kulumikizana kosasinthika pakati pa ma classics aku Russia ndi nyimbo za Soviet zomwe zikubwera, monga Glazunov adachitira.

N. Zabolotnaya

Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov (1865-1936), wophunzira komanso mnzake wokhulupirika wa NA Rimsky-Korsakov, ali ndi malo abwino kwambiri pakati pa oimira "sukulu yatsopano yanyimbo yaku Russia" komanso woyimba wamkulu, yemwe ntchito yake yolemera ndi yowala yamitundu. zimaphatikizidwa ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri, luso langwiro, komanso ngati woimba nyimbo ndi anthu omwe amateteza mwamphamvu zofuna za luso la Russia. Mosazolowereka koyambirira kudakopa chidwi cha First Symphony (1882), chodabwitsa kwa ubwana wake momveka bwino komanso kukwanira kwake, ali ndi zaka makumi atatu anali kutchuka komanso kuzindikirika monga mlembi wa ma symphonies asanu odabwitsa, ma quartets anayi ndi zina zambiri. ntchito, zodziwika ndi kulemera kwa pakati ndi kukhwima. kukhazikitsa kwake.

Atakopeka ndi wowolowa manja philanthropist MP Belyaev, wofuna wopeka posakhalitsa anakhala nawo wosasintha, ndiyeno mmodzi wa atsogoleri a ntchito zake zonse zoimba, maphunziro ndi zabodza, makamaka kutsogolera ntchito zoimbaimba nyimbo Russian, imene. iye mwiniyo nthawi zambiri ankakhala ngati kondakitala, komanso nyumba yosindikizira ya Belyaev, kufotokoza maganizo awo olemera pa nkhani yopereka mphoto za Glinkin kwa olemba nyimbo a ku Russia. Mphunzitsi ndi mlangizi wa Glazunov, Rimsky-Korsakov, nthawi zambiri kuposa ena, adamukopa kuti amuthandize kugwira ntchito yokhudzana ndi kupitiriza kukumbukira anthu amtundu waukulu, kupanga dongosolo ndi kufalitsa cholowa chawo. Pambuyo pa imfa yadzidzidzi ya AP Borodin, awiriwa adagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti amalize opera yosamalizidwa Prince Igor, chifukwa cholengedwa chodabwitsa ichi chinatha kuona kuwala kwa tsiku ndikupeza moyo wa siteji. M'zaka za m'ma 900, Rimsky-Korsakov, pamodzi ndi Glazunov, adakonza zolemba zatsopano za Glinka, A Life for the Tsar ndi Prince Kholmsky, zomwe zimakumbukirabe kufunikira kwake. Kuyambira 1899, Glazunov anali pulofesa ku St.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Rimsky-Korsakov Glazunov anakhala wolowa anazindikira ndi kupitiriza miyambo ya mphunzitsi wake wamkulu, kutenga malo ake mu moyo wa Petersburg. Ulamuliro wake waumwini ndi waluso unali wosatsutsika. Mu 1915, ponena za chikondwerero cha zaka XNUMX cha Glazunov, VG Karatygin analemba kuti: “Ndani mwa opeka nyimbo a ku Russia amene ali otchuka kwambiri? Kodi luso lapamwamba la ndani lomwe silingakayikire ngakhale pang'ono? Ndi ndani mwa anthu a m'nthawi yathu omwe adasiya kutsutsana, mosakayikira kuzindikira za luso lake kuzama kwa luso lazojambula ndi sukulu yapamwamba ya luso la nyimbo? Dzinalo lokha lingakhale m’maganizo mwa munthu amene wafunsa funso limeneli ndi pakamwa pa amene akufuna kuliyankha. Dzina ili ndi AK Glazunov.

Pa nthawi ya mikangano yoopsa kwambiri ndi kulimbana kwa mafunde osiyanasiyana, pamene osati zatsopano, komanso zambiri, zingawonekere, zomwe zakhala zikugwirizana kale, zidalowa mu chidziwitso, zimayambitsa zigamulo zotsutsana kwambiri ndi kuwunika, "kusatsutsika" koteroko kunkawoneka. zachilendo komanso zachilendo. Anachitira umboni kulemekeza kwakukulu kwa umunthu wa woimbayo, luso lake labwino kwambiri ndi kukoma kwake, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusalowerera ndale pa ntchito yake monga chinthu chosafunika kale, kuima osati "pamwamba pa ndewu", koma. “kutali ndi ndewu” . Nyimbo za Glazunov sizinasangalatse, sizinalimbikitse chikondi ndi kupembedza, koma zinalibe zinthu zomwe zinali zosavomerezeka kwa maphwando aliwonse omwe amatsutsana. Chifukwa cha kumveka bwino kwanzeru, mgwirizano ndi kulinganiza zomwe woimbayo adakwanitsa kugwirizanitsa zizoloŵezi zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina zotsutsana, ntchito yake ikhoza kugwirizanitsa "Traditionalists" ndi "Innovators".

Zaka zingapo zisanachitike nkhani yotchulidwa ndi Karatygin, wotsutsa wina wodziwika bwino AV Ossovsky, pofuna kudziwa malo a mbiri ya Glazunov mu nyimbo za ku Russia, adamutcha kuti ndi mtundu wa ojambula - "omaliza", mosiyana ndi "osintha" muzojambula, opeza njira zatsopano: "Osintha maganizo" amawonongedwa ndi luso lachikale ndi kusanthula koopsa, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'miyoyo yawo, pali mphamvu zambiri zopanga zowonetsera. za malingaliro atsopano, pakupanga mitundu yatsopano yaluso, yomwe amawoneratu, monga momwe zimakhalira, m'mawu odabwitsa a m'bandakucha <...> Koma pali nthawi zina muzojambula - nthawi zosinthira, mosiyana ndi zoyambazo. imene ingatanthauzidwe kukhala nyengo zotsimikizirika. Ojambula, omwe mbiri yawo ili mu kaphatikizidwe ka malingaliro ndi mawonekedwe omwe adapangidwa mu nthawi ya kuphulika kwachisinthiko, ndimatcha dzina lomwe tatchulalo la omaliza.

Uwiri wa mbiri yakale ya Glazunov monga wojambula wa nthawi ya kusintha unatsimikiziridwa, kumbali imodzi, ndi mgwirizano wake wapamtima ndi dongosolo lonse la malingaliro, malingaliro okongola ndi machitidwe a nyengo yapitayi, ndi mbali inayo, ndi kusasitsa. mu ntchito yake ya zinthu zina zatsopano zomwe zidayamba kale mtsogolomo. Anayamba ntchito yake panthawi yomwe "zaka za golidi" za nyimbo zachikale za ku Russia, zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi mayina a Glinka, Dargomyzhsky ndi omwe adalowa m'malo mwa "zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi" za m'badwo wa "makumi asanu ndi limodzi". Mu 1881, Rimsky-Korsakov, motsogozedwa ndi Glazunov yemwe adadziwa zoyambira za luso lolemba, adalemba The Snow Maiden, ntchito yomwe idawonetsa chiyambi cha kukhwima kwakukulu kwa wolemba wake. Zaka za m'ma 80 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90 zinali nthawi yotukuka kwambiri kwa Tchaikovsky. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Balakirev, kubwerera ku zilandiridwenso nyimbo pambuyo mavuto aakulu auzimu anavutika, amalenga ena mwa nyimbo zake zabwino.

Ndizodziwika kuti woyimba wofuna kupeka, monga Glazunov anali panthawiyo, adapangidwa motsogozedwa ndi nyimbo zomuzungulira ndipo sanapulumuke kutengera kwa aphunzitsi ake ndi anzako akulu. Ntchito zake zoyamba zimakhala ndi sitampu yodziwika bwino ya "Kuchkist". Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zina zatsopano zikuwonekera kale mwa iwo. Poyang'ana ntchito ya Symphony yake Yoyamba mu konsati ya Free Music School pa March 17, 1882, yoyendetsedwa ndi Balakirev, Cui adanena momveka bwino, kukwanira komanso chidaliro chokwanira pakukwaniritsa zolinga zake ndi 16 wazaka zakubadwa. wolemba: "Iye amatha kufotokoza zomwe akufuna, ndipo somonga akufuna.” Pambuyo pake, Asafiev adawonetsa chidwi cha "kukonzeratu, kuyenda mopanda malire" kwa nyimbo za Glazunov ngati mtundu woperekedwa, womwe umakhala mumalingaliro ake opanga: "Zili ngati Glazunov sapanga nyimbo, koma. Icho chiri adapangidwa, kotero kuti zomveka zovuta kwambiri za mawu zimaperekedwa mwaokha, ndipo osapezeka, zimangolembedwa ("zokumbukira"), ndipo sizinapangidwe chifukwa cha kulimbana ndi zinthu zosamveka zosamveka. Kukhazikika komveka bwino kwa kayendetsedwe kake ka nyimbo sikunavutike ndi liwiro ndi kumasuka kwa nyimbo, zomwe zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri mwa Glazunov wamng'ono m'zaka makumi awiri zoyambirira za ntchito yake yolemba.

Kungakhale kulakwa kunena kuti ntchito Glazunov kulenga anapitirira mosaganizira, popanda khama lililonse mkati. Kupeza nkhope ya wolemba wake kunatheka chifukwa cha khama komanso khama pakuwongolera luso la wolembayo ndikulemeretsa njira zolembera nyimbo. Kudziwana ndi Tchaikovsky ndi Taneyev kunathandiza kuthetsa kusagwirizana kwa njira zodziwika ndi oimba ambiri mu ntchito zoyambirira za Glazunov. Mawonekedwe otseguka komanso sewero lophulika la nyimbo za Tchaikovsky zidakhalabe zachilendo kwa oletsedwa, otsekedwa pang'ono komanso oletsedwa mu mavumbulutso ake auzimu Glazunov. M’nkhani yachidule ya m’nkhani yakuti, “Kudziwana Kwanga ndi Tchaikovsky,” yolembedwa pambuyo pake, Glazunov anati: “Ineyo ndinganene kuti maganizo anga pa zaluso anasiyana ndi a Tchaikovsky. Komabe, pophunzira ntchito zake, ndinaonamo zinthu zambiri zatsopano ndi zophunzitsa kwa ife, oimba achichepere panthaŵiyo. Ndinanena kuti, popeza Pyotr Ilyich anali katswiri wanyimbo zotsatizana, anayambitsa mbali zina za zisudzozo. Sindinayambe kugwadira kwambiri zomwe adalenga, koma kukulitsa malingaliro, mtima ndi ungwiro wa kapangidwe kake.

Kuyanjana ndi Taneyev ndi Laroche kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80 kunathandizira kuti Glazunov akhale ndi chidwi ndi polyphony, adamuwuza kuti aphunzire ntchito za ambuye akale azaka za XNUMX-XNUMX. Pambuyo pake, pamene anayenera kuphunzitsa kalasi ya polyphony ku St. Petersburg Conservatory, Glazunov anayesa kuphunzitsa kukoma kwa luso lapamwambali mwa ophunzira ake. Mmodzi mwa ophunzira omwe ankawakonda kwambiri, MO Steinberg, analemba, pokumbukira zaka zake zachikale: "Apa tidadziwa ntchito za otsutsa akuluakulu a masukulu a Dutch ndi Italy ... , Palestrina, Gabrieli, momwe anatipatsira ife anapiye achichepere, amene tinali osadziŵa bwino machenjerero onsewa, ndi changu.

Zosangalatsa zatsopanozi zinayambitsa mantha ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa alangizi a Glazunov ku St. Petersburg, omwe anali a "sukulu yatsopano ya ku Russia". Rimsky-Korsakov mu "Chronicle" mosamala komanso modziletsa, koma momveka bwino, akunena za zochitika zatsopano mu bwalo la Belyaev, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo odyera "akukhala" a Glazunov ndi Lyadov ndi Tchaikovsky, omwe amakoka pakati pausiku, nthawi zambiri. misonkhano ndi Laroche. "Nthawi yatsopano - mbalame zatsopano, mbalame zatsopano - nyimbo zatsopano," akutero pankhaniyi. Zolankhula zake zapakamwa pagulu la abwenzi komanso anthu amalingaliro ofanana zinali zowona komanso zamagulu. M'zolemba za VV Yastrebtsev, pali mawu okhudza "chikoka champhamvu kwambiri cha malingaliro a Laroshev (Taneev?)" pa Glazunov, ponena za "Glazunov yemwe anali atapenga kwathunthu", amanyoza kuti "adagwidwa ndi S. Taneyev (ndipo mwinamwake mwina Laroche) adakhazikika pang'ono kupita ku Tchaikovsky.

Kuneneza koteroko sikungaonedwe ngati chilungamo. Chikhumbo cha Glazunov chokulitsa nyimbo zake sichinagwirizane ndi kukana chifundo ndi zokonda zake zakale: zidachitika chifukwa cha chikhumbo chachilengedwe chonse chopitilira "kuwongolera" kapena mawonedwe ozungulira, kuti athetse kukhazikika kwa miyambo yokongola komanso yosangalatsa. njira zowunika. Glazunov adateteza mwamphamvu ufulu wake wodziyimira pawokha komanso woweruza. Potembenukira kwa SN Kruglikov ndi pempho loti afotokoze momwe Serenade yake ya okhestra idayimba mu konsati ya Moscow RMO, analemba kuti: "Chonde lembani za sewerolo ndi zotsatira za kukhala kwanga madzulo ndi Taneyev. Balakirev ndi Stasov amandidzudzula chifukwa cha izi, koma sindimagwirizana nawo ndipo sindimagwirizana nawo, m'malo mwake, ndimaona ngati izi ndi zokonda kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, m'mabwalo otsekedwa, "osafikirika", monga bwalo lathu linalili, pali zofooka zambiri zazing'ono ndi matambala achikazi.

Mucikozyanyo, Glazunov wakazumanana kusyomeka ku Der Ring des Nibelungen ya Wagner, alimwi ambweni mucisi ca Germany cakazumanana kusyomeka ku St. Chochitika ichi chinamukakamiza kuti asinthe kwambiri maganizo okayikitsa a Wagner, omwe adagawana nawo kale ndi atsogoleri a "sukulu yatsopano ya ku Russia". Kusakhulupirirana ndi kupatukana zimalowedwa m'malo ndi chilakolako chotentha, chotenthedwa. Glazunov, monga momwe adavomerezera m'kalata yopita kwa Tchaikovsky, "anakhulupirira Wagner." Atagwidwa ndi "mphamvu yoyambirira" ya phokoso la oimba la Wagner, iye, m'mawu ake omwe, "anataya kukoma kwa chida china chilichonse," komabe, osaiwala kupanga malo ofunikira: "ndithudi, kwa kanthawi. ” Panthawiyi, chilakolako cha Glazunov chinagawidwa ndi mphunzitsi wake Rimsky-Korsakov, yemwe adagwa pansi pa chikoka cha phokoso lapamwamba lolemera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya wolemba mphete.

Mtsinje wa ziwonetsero zatsopano zomwe zidasesa woyimba wachinyamatayo wokhala ndi luso lopanga zinthu losasinthika komanso losalimba nthawi zina zidamupangitsa kuti asokonezeke: zidatenga nthawi kuti azindikire ndikumvetsetsa zonsezi mkati, kuti apeze njira yake pakati pamitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonedwe. ndi aesthetics amene anatsegula pamaso pake. udindo, Izi zinachititsa kuti nthawi ya kukayikira ndi kudzikayikira, zomwe analemba mu 1890 kwa Stasov, amene mokondwera analandira zisudzo wake woyamba monga wolemba: "Poyamba zonse zinali zosavuta kwa ine. Tsopano, pang'onopang'ono, luntha langa limazimiririka, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndimakhala ndi nthawi zowawa za kukaikira ndi kusaganiza bwino, mpaka nditayima pa chinachake, ndiyeno zonse zimapitirira monga kale ... ". Nthawi yomweyo, m'kalata yopita kwa Tchaikovsky, Glazunov adavomereza zovuta zomwe adakumana nazo pakukhazikitsa malingaliro ake opanga chifukwa cha "kusiyana kwa malingaliro akale ndi atsopano."

Glazunov adawona chiopsezo chotsatira mwachimbulimbuli komanso mosakayikira zitsanzo za "Kuchkist" zam'mbuyomu, zomwe zidatsogolera ku ntchito ya wopeka wa talente yocheperako kubwereza kopanda umunthu kwa zomwe zidadutsa kale ndikuzidziwa bwino. "Chilichonse chomwe chinali chatsopano komanso chaluso m'zaka za m'ma 60 ndi 70," adalembera Kruglikov, "tsopano, kunena monyanyira (ngakhale mochulukira), ndizoseketsa, motero otsatira a sukulu yakale yaluso ya oimba aku Russia amachita izi. utumiki woipa kwambiri” . Rimsky-Korsakov adapereka zigamulo zofananira m'njira yotseguka komanso yotsimikizika, poyerekeza ndi "sukulu yatsopano yaku Russia" koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 90 ndi "banja lomwe likutha" kapena "munda wofota." "... Ndikuwona," adalembera kalata yemweyo yemwe Glazunov adalankhula ndi malingaliro ake osasangalatsa, "kuti. sukulu yatsopano yaku Russia kapena gulu lamphamvu lifa, kapena kusandutsidwa chinthu china, chosafunidwa kotheratu.

Kuwunika kovutirako konseku ndi kulingalira kudakhazikitsidwa pa kuzindikira kwa kutopa kwamitundu ingapo yazithunzi ndi mitu, kufunikira kofufuza malingaliro atsopano ndi njira zowonetsera luso lawo. Koma njira zokwaniritsira cholinga chimenechi, mphunzitsiyo ndi wophunzirayo anafunafuna njira zosiyanasiyana. Potsimikiza za cholinga chauzimu chapamwamba cha luso, mphunzitsi wa demokalase Rimsky-Korsakov anayesetsa, choyamba, kuti adziwe bwino ntchito zatsopano, kuti apeze mbali zatsopano za moyo wa anthu ndi umunthu waumunthu. Kwa Glazunov wongoganiza bwino, chinthu chachikulu sichinali kuti, as, ntchito za pulani yapadera ya nyimbo zinaperekedwa patsogolo. Ossovsky, yemwe ankamudziwa bwino wolemba nyimboyo, analemba kuti: “Ntchito zolembedwa, zafilosofi, zamakhalidwe kapena zachipembedzo, malingaliro a zithunzithunzi n’zachilendo kwa iye,” analemba motero Ossovsky, yemwe ankadziŵa bwino kwambiri wolemba nyimboyo, “ndipo zitseko za m’kachisi wa luso lake zatsekeredwa. AK Glazunov amangoganizira za nyimbo komanso ndakatulo zake zokha - kukongola kwa malingaliro auzimu.

Ngati mu chigamulo ichi pali gawo la dala political sharpness, kugwirizana ndi kudana ndi Glazunov yekha anafotokoza kangapo kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane wa mawu zolinga za nyimbo, ndiye pa udindo wonse wa wopeka ankadziwika Ossovsky molondola. Atakhala ndi nthawi yofufuza zotsutsana ndi zokonda pazaka zodziyimira pawokha, Glazunov mzaka zake zokhwima amafika paluso lodziwika bwino kwambiri, lopanda nzeru zamaphunziro, koma kukoma kosasunthika, momveka bwino komanso kwathunthu.

Nyimbo za Glazunov zimayendetsedwa ndi kuwala, ma toni achimuna. Iye samadziwika ndi zofewa zofewa zomwe zimakhala ndi epigones ya Tchaikovsky, kapena sewero lakuya ndi lamphamvu la wolemba Pathetique. Ngati nthawi zina zimawoneka mu ntchito zake zowala za chisangalalo chochititsa chidwi, ndiye kuti zimazimiririka mwamsanga, zomwe zimachititsa kuti dziko lapansi likhale lodekha, logwirizana, ndipo mgwirizano uwu umatheka osati kumenyana ndi kugonjetsa mikangano yakuthwa yauzimu, koma, monga momwe zinalili. , zokhazikitsidwa kale. ("Izi ndizosiyana kwenikweni ndi Tchaikovsky!" Ossovsky akunena za Eighth Symphony ya Glazunov. "Mchitidwe wa zochitika," wojambulayo akutiuza, "adakonzedweratu, ndipo chirichonse chidzagwirizana ndi dziko lapansi").

Glazunov nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ndi ojambula amtundu wofuna, omwe munthu samabwera patsogolo, akuwonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe oletsedwa, osalankhula. Payokha, cholinga cha zojambulajambula sizimapatula kumverera kwa mphamvu ya njira za moyo komanso kukhala ndi maganizo okhudzidwa kwa iwo. Koma mosiyana, mwachitsanzo, Borodin, sitipeza makhalidwe amenewa mu umunthu kulenga Glazunov. Pakumveka bwino komanso kosalala kwa ganizo lake lanyimbo, pomwe nthawi zina amasokonezedwa ndi mawu amphamvu kwambiri, nthawi zina amamva kutsekeka mkati. Kukula kwakukulu kwamutu kumasinthidwa ndi mtundu wamasewera azigawo zing'onozing'ono zoyimba, zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kalembedwe ndi timbre-register kapena zolumikizidwa molumikizana, kupanga chokongoletsera cha zingwe zovuta komanso zokongola.

Udindo wa polyphony ngati njira yopangira chitukuko komanso kumanga mawonekedwe omaliza ku Glazunov ndiabwino kwambiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri njira zake zosiyanasiyana, mpaka pamitundu yovuta kwambiri yosunthika yosunthika, pokhala pankhaniyi wophunzira wokhulupirika ndi wotsatira wa Taneyev, yemwe nthawi zambiri amatha kupikisana nawo pa luso la polyphonic. Pofotokoza za Glazunov ngati "wotsutsa wamkulu waku Russia, woyimilira panjira kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XNUMX mpaka XNUMX," Asafiev akuwona tanthauzo la "nyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi" m'njira yake yolemba zambiri. Kuchuluka kwa machulukitsidwe a nsalu yoyimba ndi polyphony kumapereka kusalala kwapadera kwakuyenda, koma nthawi yomweyo kukhuthala kwina ndi kusagwira ntchito. Monga momwe Glazunov mwiniwake anakumbukira, atafunsidwa za zolakwika za kalembedwe kake, Tchaikovsky anayankha mwachidule kuti: "Kutalika kwina ndi kusowa kwa kupuma." Tsatanetsatane yojambulidwa bwino ndi Tchaikovsky imapeza tanthauzo lofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi: kusinthasintha kosalekeza kwa nsalu yanyimbo kumabweretsa kufooka kwa kusiyanitsa ndi kubisa mizere pakati pa zomanga zosiyanasiyana.

Chimodzi mwazinthu za nyimbo za Glazunov, zomwe nthawi zina zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzizindikira, Karatygin ankaona kuti ndi "zochepa" za "malingaliro" kapena, monga momwe wotsutsa akufotokozera, "kugwiritsa ntchito mawu a Tolstoy, luso lochepa la Glazunov "lopatsira" womvera 'zomvetsa chisoni' za luso lake. " Kumverera kwanyimbo sikutsanuliridwa mu nyimbo za Glazunov mwachiwawa komanso mwachindunji monga, mwachitsanzo, mu Tchaikovsky kapena Rachmaninoff. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, munthu sangagwirizane ndi Karatygin kuti maganizo a wolemba "nthawi zonse amaphwanyidwa ndi makulidwe akuluakulu a luso loyera." Nyimbo za Glazunov si zachilendo kwa chikondi cha nyimbo ndi kuwona mtima, kuswa zida za zovuta kwambiri komanso zanzeru zama polyphonic plexuses, koma mawu ake amakhalabe ndi khalidwe lodziletsa, lomveka bwino komanso loganizira zamtendere zomwe zili mu fano lonse la kulenga la wolembayo. Nyimbo yake, yopanda mawu akuthwa, imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola kwa pulasitiki ndi kuzungulira, kufananiza komanso kutumizira mwachangu.

Chinthu choyamba chimene chimabwera mukamamvetsera nyimbo za Glazunov ndikumverera kwa kachulukidwe kachulukidwe, kulemera ndi kumveka kwa mawu, ndipo pokhapokha mutha kutsata chitukuko chokhazikika cha nsalu ya polyphonic ndi kusintha kulikonse pamitu yayikulu. . Osati gawo lomaliza pankhaniyi limaseweredwa ndi chilankhulo chokongola cha harmonic ndi oimba oimba a Glazunov olemera. Kuganiza kwa orchestral-harmonic kwa woimbayo, komwe kunapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi omwe adatsogolera ku Russia (makamaka Borodin ndi Rimsky-Korsakov), komanso wolemba "Der Ring des Nibelungen", alinso ndi mawonekedwe ake. Pokambirana za "Guide to Instrumentation" Rimsky-Korsakov adanenapo kuti: "Chiyimba changa chimakhala chowonekera komanso chophiphiritsa kuposa cha Alexander Konstantinovich, koma kumbali ina, palibe zitsanzo za" tutti wodziwika bwino wa symphonic. ” pomwe Glazunov ali ndi zitsanzo zotere komanso zothandiza. monga momwe mukufunira, chifukwa, nthawi zambiri, kuyimba kwake kumakhala kowala komanso kowala kuposa kwanga.

Oimba a Glazunov sakunyezimira ndi kuwala, akunyezimira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga Korsakov: kukongola kwake kwapadera kuli mu kufanana ndi kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono, kumapanga chithunzithunzi cha kugwedezeka kosalala kwa phokoso lalikulu, lophatikizana. Wolembayo sanayesetse kwambiri kusiyanitsa ndi kutsutsa kwa zida zoimbira, koma chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwawo, kuganiza m'magulu akuluakulu a orchestral, kuyerekezera komwe kumafanana ndi kusintha ndi kusinthana kwa ma registry poimba limba.

Ndi mitundu yonse ya ma stylistic magwero, ntchito ya Glazunov ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri komanso chachilengedwe. Ngakhale kuti ali ndi chikhalidwe cha kudzipatula kwamaphunziro odziwika bwino komanso kudzipatula ku zovuta zenizeni za nthawi yake, amatha kukondweretsa ndi mphamvu zake zamkati, chiyembekezo chachimwemwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu, osatchula luso lalikulu ndi kulingalira mosamala za onse. zambiri.

Wolembayo sanabwere ku umodzi uwu ndi kukwanira kwa kalembedwe nthawi yomweyo. Zaka khumi pambuyo pa Symphony Yoyamba inali kwa iye nthawi yofufuza ndi kulimbikira yekha, akuyendayenda pakati pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi zolinga zomwe zinamukopa popanda thandizo linalake lolimba, ndipo nthawi zina zonyenga zoonekeratu ndi zolephera. Pokhapokha chapakati pazaka za m'ma 90s adakwanitsa kuthana ndi mayesero ndi mayesero omwe adatsogolera ku zokonda zambali imodzi ndikulowa mumsewu wotakata wodziyimira pawokha. Nthawi yochepa ya zaka khumi mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1905 ndi 1906 inali ya Glazunov nthawi ya maluwa apamwamba kwambiri, pamene ntchito zake zabwino kwambiri, zokhwima komanso zazikulu zinalengedwa. Pakati pawo pali ma symphonies asanu (kuyambira chachinayi mpaka chachisanu ndi chitatu kuphatikiza), quartet yachinayi ndi yachisanu, Violin Concerto, ma piano sonatas, ma ballet onse atatu ndi ena angapo. Pafupifupi pambuyo pa XNUMX-XNUMX, kutsika kowoneka bwino kwa ntchito zopanga kumayamba, komwe kumachulukirachulukira mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wa wolemba. Mwa zina, kuchepa kwadzidzidzi kotereku kwa zokolola kumatha kufotokozedwa ndi zochitika zakunja ndipo, koposa zonse, ndi ntchito yayikulu, yowononga nthawi yophunzitsa, yamagulu ndi yoyang'anira yomwe idagwa pamapewa a Glazunov pokhudzana ndi chisankho chake ku malo a wotsogolera wa St. Petersburg Conservatory. Koma panali zifukwa za dongosolo lamkati, lokhazikika makamaka pakukana kwambiri zomwe zachitika posachedwa komanso molimba mtima komanso mopanda ulemu pantchitoyo komanso m'moyo wanyimbo koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, ndipo mwina, mwina chifukwa chazifukwa zina. sizinafotokozedwe bwino. .

Potsutsana ndi zochitika za luso lamakono, malo a Glazunov adapeza khalidwe lowonjezereka la maphunziro ndi chitetezo. Pafupifupi nyimbo zonse za ku Ulaya za nthawi ya pambuyo pa Wagnerian anakanidwa mwatsatanetsatane: mu ntchito ya Richard Strauss, sanapeze chilichonse koma "cacophony yonyansa", a French Impressionists anali achilendo komanso osamvera kwa iye. Olemba Russian Glazunov anali wachifundo kumlingo wakutiwakuti Scriabin, amene analandira mwansangala mu bwalo Belyaev, anasirira Sonata wake Wachinayi, koma sanathenso kuvomereza ndakatulo Ecstasy, amene anali ndi zotsatira "zokhumudwitsa". Ngakhale Rimsky-Korsakov anaimbidwa mlandu Glazunov chifukwa chakuti m'zolemba zake "pamlingo wina adapereka ulemu ku nthawi yake." Ndipo zosavomerezeka kwa Glazunov zinali zonse zomwe Stravinsky wamng'ono ndi Prokofiev anachita, osatchula nyimbo za m'ma 20s.

Maganizo oterowo pa chilichonse chatsopano amayenera kupereka Glazunov kukhala wosungulumwa, zomwe sizinathandize kuti pakhale malo abwino a ntchito yake monga wolemba nyimbo. Pomaliza, n'zotheka kuti patatha zaka zingapo za "kudzipereka" kwambiri mu ntchito ya Glazunov, sakanatha kupeza china chilichonse choti anene popanda kudziimbanso. Pansi pazimenezi, ntchito yosungiramo zinthu zakale inatha, kumlingo wakutiwakuti, kufooketsa ndi kusalaza kumverera kwachabechabe, komwe sikungathe koma kuwuka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kulenga. Zikhale momwemo, kuyambira 1905, m'makalata ake, madandaulo amamveka nthawi zonse za vuto la kupanga, kusowa kwa malingaliro atsopano, "kukayikira kawirikawiri" komanso kusafuna kulemba nyimbo.

Poyankha kalata yochokera kwa Rimsky-Korsakov yomwe siinafike kwa ife, mwachiwonekere akudzudzula wophunzira wake wokondedwa chifukwa cha kulephera kwake kulenga, Glazunov analemba mu November 1905: Inu, wokondedwa wanga, amene ndimasilira linga la mphamvu, ndipo, potsiriza, Ndimakhala ndi zaka 80 zokha ... Ndikumva kuti m'zaka zapitazi ndimakhala wosakwanira kutumikira anthu kapena malingaliro. Kuvomereza kowawa kumeneku kunawonetsa zotsatira za matenda aatali a Glazunov ndi zonse zomwe adakumana nazo zokhudzana ndi zochitika za 60. Koma ngakhale apo, pamene kukhwima kwa zochitikazi kunakhala kopanda pake, sanamve kufunikira kofulumira kwa kulenga nyimbo. Monga wolemba, Glazunov adadziwonetsera yekha ali ndi zaka makumi anayi, ndipo zonse zomwe adalemba pazaka makumi atatu zotsalazo zikuwonjezera pang'ono zomwe adalenga kale. Mu lipoti la Glazunov, lomwe linawerengedwa mu 40, Ossovsky adanena kuti "kuchepa kwa mphamvu yolenga" ya wolembayo kuyambira 1905, koma kwenikweni kuchepa uku kumabwera zaka khumi zapitazo. Mndandanda wa nyimbo zoyambilira zatsopano za Glazunov kuyambira kumapeto kwa Eighth Symphony (1949-1917) mpaka nthawi yophukira ya 1905 ndizongoimba nyimbo khumi ndi ziwiri, makamaka m'mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono. (Gwirani ntchito pa Ninth Symphony, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale mu 1904, ya dzina lomwelo ngati Lachisanu ndi chitatu, silinapitirire kupitilira chithunzi cha gulu loyamba.), ndi nyimbo za zisudzo ziwiri zochititsa chidwi - "Mfumu ya Ayuda" ndi "Masquerade". Ma concerto awiri a piyano, a 1911 ndi 1917, ndikukhazikitsa malingaliro akale.

Pambuyo pa October Revolution, Glazunov anakhalabe mkulu wa Petrograd-Leningrad Conservatory, anatenga mbali mu zochitika zosiyanasiyana nyimbo ndi maphunziro, ndipo anapitiriza zisudzo wake monga wochititsa. Koma kusagwirizana kwake ndi njira zatsopano zopangira nyimbo kunakulirakulira ndipo kudayamba kukulirakulira. Zomwe zatsopano zidakumana ndi chifundo ndi chithandizo pakati pa gawo la professorship ya Conservatory, omwe adafuna kusintha kwa maphunziro ndi kukonzanso kwa repertoire yomwe ophunzira achichepere adaleredwa. Pankhani imeneyi, mikangano ndi kusagwirizana zinayambika, chifukwa malo Glazunov, amene mwamphamvu kulondera chiyero ndi inviolability wa maziko achikhalidwe cha Rimsky-Korsakov sukulu, zinakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri samveka.

Ichi chinali chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe, atachoka ku Vienna mu 1928 monga membala wa oweruza a International Competition, adakonzekera zaka zana za imfa ya Schubert, sanabwerere kwawo. Kupatukana ndi malo omwe amadziwika bwino komanso abwenzi akale a Glazunov adakumana ndi zovuta. Ngakhale kulemekeza kwa oimba akuluakulu akunja kwa iye, kudzimva kusungulumwa kwaumwini ndi kulenga sikunasiye odwala komanso osakhalanso wachinyamata wopeka, yemwe anakakamizika kukhala ndi moyo wotanganidwa komanso wotopetsa monga wotsogolera alendo. Kunja, Glazunov analemba ntchito zingapo, koma sanamubweretsere chisangalalo chochuluka. Mkhalidwe wake wamalingaliro m'zaka zomaliza za moyo wake ukhoza kudziwika ndi mizere yochokera ku kalata yopita kwa MO Steinberg ya Epulo 26, 1929: "Monga momwe Poltava amanenera za Kochubey, ndinalinso ndi zinthu zitatu - luso, kulumikizana ndi malo omwe ndimakonda komanso konsati. zisudzo. Chinachake sichikuyenda bwino ndi zakale, ndipo chidwi ndi ntchito zomalizazi zikuzizira, mwina mwa zina chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwawo kusindikizidwa. Ulamuliro wanga ngati woyimba watsikanso kwambiri… Pali chiyembekezo cha “colporterism” (Kuchokera kwa akopotala aku France - kufalitsa, kufalitsa. Glazunov amatanthauza mawu a Glinka, polankhula ndi Meyerbeer: "Sindimakonda kugawa. nyimbo zanga”) zanga komanso nyimbo za munthu wina, zomwe ndidasungabe mphamvu zanga ndi luso langa logwira ntchito. Apa ndipamene ndinathetsa.

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Ntchito ya Glazunov yakhala ikudziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndipo yakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la cholowa cha nyimbo za ku Russia. Ngati ntchito zake sizikudabwitsa omvera, osakhudza kuya kwakuya kwa moyo wauzimu, ndiye kuti amatha kupereka chisangalalo chokongola ndi chisangalalo ndi mphamvu zawo zoyambirira ndi kukhulupirika kwamkati, kuphatikizapo kumveka bwino kwa malingaliro, mgwirizano ndi kukwanira kwa maonekedwe. Wolemba gulu la "transitional", lomwe lili pakati pa nyengo ziwiri za nyimbo za ku Russia, iye sanali woyambitsa, wotulukira njira zatsopano. Koma luso lalikulu, langwiro, lokhala ndi talente yowala yachilengedwe, chuma ndi kuwolowa manja kwa zopangapanga, zidamulola kuti apange ntchito zambiri zamtengo wapatali, zomwe sizinataye chidwi chambiri. Monga mphunzitsi komanso anthu, Glazunov adathandizira kwambiri pakukula ndi kulimbikitsa maziko a chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Russia. Zonsezi zimatsimikizira kufunikira kwake monga m'modzi mwa anthu odziwika bwino pazikhalidwe zaku Russia koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX.

Yu. Inu