George Enescu |

George Enescu

"Sindizengereza kumuyika iye m'gulu loyamba la oimba a m'nthawi yathu ino ... Izi sizikugwira ntchito kwa oimba nyimbo zokha, komanso mbali zonse za nyimbo za wojambula wanzeru - woyimba zene, kondakitala, woimba piyano ... Pakati pawo ... oimba awo omwe ndikuwadziwa. Enescu anali wosinthasintha kwambiri, wofikira ungwiro wapamwamba m’chilengedwe chake. Ulemu wake waumunthu, kudzichepetsa kwake ndi mphamvu zake zamakhalidwe zinachititsa chidwi mwa ine ... "M'mawu awa a P. Casals, chithunzi cholondola cha J. Enescu, woimba wodabwitsa, wodziwika bwino wa sukulu ya ku Romanian olemba nyimbo.

Enescu anabadwa ndipo anakhala zaka 7 zoyambirira za moyo wake m’dera lakumidzi kumpoto kwa Moldova. Zithunzi za chilengedwe ndi moyo waumphawi, maholide akumidzi ndi nyimbo ndi kuvina, phokoso la zochitika, ma ballads, nyimbo zoimbira zamtundu wa anthu zidalowa m'maganizo mwa mwana wodabwitsa. Ngakhale pamenepo, maziko oyambilira a dzikolo anayalidwa, zomwe zikanakhala zotsimikizika pa chilengedwe chake chonse ndi zochita zake.

Enescu adaphunzitsidwa ku ma Conservatory akale kwambiri aku Europe - Vienna, komwe mu 1888-93. adaphunzira ngati violinist, ndi Parisian - pano mu 1894-99. iye anakhoza bwino m’kalasi la woyimba zeze wotchuka ndi mphunzitsi M. Marsik ndipo anaphunzira kupanga ndi ambuye aŵiri akuluakulu – J. Massenet, kenaka G. Fauré.

Mphatso zanzeru komanso zosunthika za wachinyamata waku Romania, yemwe adamaliza maphunziro awo ku ma Conservatory omwe adapambana kwambiri (ku Vienna - mendulo, ku Paris - Grand Prix), adadziwika mosasintha ndi aphunzitsi ake. “Mwana wanu adzabweretsa ulemerero waukulu kwa inu, ndi luso lathu, ndi dziko la kwawo,” Mason analembera atate wa George wa zaka khumi ndi zinayi. “Wolimbikira, wolingalira. Wamphamvu kwambiri, ”adatero Faure.

Enescu anayamba ntchito yake monga woimba violini pa konsati ali ndi zaka 9, pamene anayamba kuchita nawo konsati yachifundo kudziko lakwawo; panthawi imodzimodziyo, yankho loyamba linawonekera: nkhani ya nyuzipepala "Romanian Mozart". Chiyambi cha Enescu monga wolemba nyimbo chinachitika ku Paris: mu 1898, wotchuka E. Colonne adayambitsa opus yake yoyamba, Ndakatulo ya ku Romania. Ndakatulo yowala, yachikondi yaunyamata idabweretsa wolembayo kupambana kwakukulu ndi omvera apamwamba, komanso kuzindikirika m'manyuzipepala, ndipo koposa zonse, pakati pa anzawo ofunikira.

Posakhalitsa, wolemba wachinyamatayo akupereka "ndakatulo" motsogozedwa ndi iye ku Bucharest Ateneum, yomwe idzawone zambiri za kupambana kwake. Umenewo unali kuwonekera kwake koyambako monga wotsogolera, komanso bwenzi loyamba la anzake a Enescu wopeka nyimbo.

Ngakhale kuti moyo wa woimba nyimbo unakakamiza Enescu kukhala kawirikawiri komanso kwa nthawi yaitali kunja kwa dziko lakwawo, adachita modabwitsa kwambiri pa chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Romania. Enescu anali m'gulu la oyambitsa ndi okonza milandu yambiri yofunika kwambiri padziko lonse, monga kutsegulidwa kwa nyumba ya opera yokhazikika ku Bucharest, maziko a Society of Romanian Composers (1920) - anakhala pulezidenti wake woyamba; Enescu adapanga symphony orchestra ku Iasi, pamaziko omwe adawuka philharmonic.

Kutukuka kwa sukulu yanyimbo ya dziko ndiyo inali nkhani yachangu kwambiri. Mu 1913-46. nthawi zonse amachotsa ndalama pamalipiro ake a konsati kuti apereke kwa oimba achichepere, kunalibe woimba waluso m'dzikolo yemwe sangakhale wopambana pa mphothoyi. Enescu anathandiza oimbawo mwa ndalama, mwamakhalidwe, ndiponso mwaluso. M’zaka za nkhondo zonse ziŵirizi, iye sanapite kunja kwa dzikolo, nati: “pamene dziko langa likuvutika, sindingathe kulilekanitsa.” Ndi luso lake, woimbayo adabweretsa chitonthozo kwa anthu ovutika, akusewera m'zipatala ndi m'thumba lothandizira ana amasiye, kuthandiza ojambula omwe anali osowa.

Mbali yolemekezeka kwambiri ya ntchito ya Enescu ndi chidziwitso cha nyimbo. Wojambula wotchuka, yemwe adatsutsidwa ndi mayina a maholo akuluakulu a konsati padziko lapansi, adayenda mobwerezabwereza ku Romania ndi ma concerts, omwe amachitidwa m'mizinda ndi m'matauni, akubweretsa luso lapamwamba kwa anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amawalanda. Ku Bucharest, Enescu anachita ndi magulu akuluakulu a konsati, kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Romania anachita ntchito zambiri zakale komanso zamakono (Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, Seventh Symphony ya D. Shostakovich, Concerto ya Violin ya A. Khachaturian).

Enescu anali wojambula waumunthu, malingaliro ake anali ademokalase. Iye adatsutsa nkhanza ndi nkhondo, adayima pa malo osagwirizana ndi a fascist. Iye sanaike luso lake pa ntchito ya ulamuliro wankhanza wa monarchist ku Romania, iye anakana kuyendera Germany ndi Italy pa nthawi ya Nazi. Mu 1944, Enescu anakhala mmodzi wa oyambitsa ndi wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wa Romanian-Soviet Friendship Society. Mu 1946, iye anabwera pa ulendo ku Moscow ndipo anachita zoimbaimba asanu monga violinist, limba, kondakitala, kupeka, kupereka msonkho kwa opambana.

Ngati kutchuka kwa Enescu woimbayo kunali padziko lonse lapansi, ndiye kuti ntchito ya wolemba wake panthaŵi ya moyo wake sinapeze kumvetsetsa koyenera. Ngakhale kuti nyimbo zake zinkayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri, sizinali zomveka kwa anthu wamba. Pambuyo pa imfa ya woimba ndi kufunika kwake kwakukulu kuyamikiridwa ngati tingachipeze powerenga ndi mutu wa sukulu ya dziko la olemba. Mu ntchito ya Enescu, malo akuluakulu amakhala ndi mizere iwiri yotsogolera: mutu wa dziko la amayi ndi filosofi ya "munthu ndi thanthwe". Zithunzi za chilengedwe, moyo wakumidzi, zosangalatsa zosangalatsa ndi kuvina modzidzimutsa, kulingalira za tsogolo la anthu - zonsezi zikuphatikizidwa ndi chikondi ndi luso mu ntchito za wolemba: "Romanian Poem" (2). 1897 Romanian Rhapsodies (2); Chachiwiri (1901) ndi Chachitatu (1899) sonatas cha violin ndi piyano (Chachitatu, chimodzi mwazolemba zodziwika bwino za woimbayo, chimatchedwa "mu chikhalidwe cha anthu a ku Romanian"), "Country Suite" ya orchestra (1926), suite for violin ndi piyano "Ziwonetsero zaubwana" (1938), etc.

Mkangano wa munthu wokhala ndi mphamvu zoipa - zonse zakunja ndi zobisika mu chikhalidwe chake - makamaka zimadetsa nkhawa wolembayo m'zaka zake zapakati ndi pambuyo pake. Wachiwiri (1914) ndi Wachitatu (1918) symphonies, quartets (Piyano Yachiwiri - 1944, Chingwe Chachiwiri - 1951), ndakatulo ya symphonic ndi kwaya "Call of the Sea" (1951), nyimbo ya Enescu - Chamber Symphony (1954) imaperekedwa. ku mutu uwu. Mutuwu ndi wozama komanso wosiyanasiyana mu opera ya Oedipus. Wolembayo adawona zovuta zanyimbo (mwaulere, zochokera ku nthano ndi masoka a Sophocles) "ntchito ya moyo wake", adalemba kwazaka makumi angapo (zolembazo zidamalizidwa mu 1931, koma opera idalembedwa mu clavier mu 1923). ). Apa lingaliro la kukana kosagwirizana kwa munthu ku mphamvu zoyipa, kupambana kwake pa tsogolo kumatsimikiziridwa. Oedipus akuwoneka ngati ngwazi yolimba mtima ndi yolemekezeka, wankhanza-wankhondo. Choyamba chinachitikira ku Paris mu 1936, opera inali yopambana kwambiri; komabe, kudziko lakwawo wolembayo, idapangidwa koyamba mu 1958. Oedipus adadziwika kuti ndi opera yabwino kwambiri yaku Romania ndipo adalowa mumasewera a opera aku Europe azaka za zana la XNUMX.

Chifaniziro cha zotsutsana ndi "munthu ndi tsogolo" nthawi zambiri zimayendetsedwa ndi zochitika zenizeni zenizeni zaku Romania. Chotero, the grandious Third Symphony with Chorus (1918) inalembedwa pansi pa chidziŵitso chachindunji cha tsoka la anthu m’Nkhondo Yadziko Yoyamba; imawonetsa zithunzi za kuwukiridwa, kukana, ndipo mapeto ake amamveka ngati ode kudziko lapansi.

Chidziwitso cha kalembedwe ka Enescu ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mfundo ya chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi miyambo ya chikondi pafupi ndi iye (chikoka cha R. Wagner, I. Brahms, S. Frank chinali champhamvu kwambiri) komanso ndi zopindula za French impressionism, ndi zomwe adalumikizana nazo zaka zambiri za moyo wake ku France (adatcha dziko lino ngati nyumba yachiwiri). Kwa iye, choyamba, nthano za Chiromania zinali umunthu wa dziko, lomwe Enescu ankadziwa mozama komanso momveka bwino, loyamikiridwa kwambiri komanso lokondedwa, poganizira kuti ndilo maziko a luso lonse laukadaulo: "Nthawi yathu si yokongola chabe. Iye ndiye nkhokwe ya nzeru za anthu.”

Maziko onse a kalembedwe ka Enescu amachokera ku malingaliro a nyimbo zamtundu wa anthu - nyimbo, zida za metro-rhythmic, mawonekedwe a nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, mawonekedwe.

"Ntchito yake yodabwitsa imachokera ku nyimbo zamtundu," mawu awa a D. Shostakovich akufotokoza chiyambi cha luso la woimba wotchuka wa ku Romania.

R. Leites

Pali anthu omwe sitingathe kunena kuti "iye ndi woyimba zeze" kapena "iye ndi woyimba piyano", luso lawo, titero, limakwera "pamwamba" chida chomwe amafotokozera malingaliro awo kudziko, malingaliro ndi zochitika. ; pali anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako pantchito imodzi yoimba. Pakati pa ameneŵa panali George Enescu, woimba violin wamkulu wa ku Romania, woimbira nyimbo, kondakitala, ndi woimba piyano. Violin inali imodzi mwa ntchito zake zazikulu mu nyimbo, koma iye anakopeka kwambiri ndi limba, kamangidwe, ndi kuchititsa. Ndipo chenicheni chakuti Enescu woyimba violini anaphimba Enescu woyimba piyano, wopeka, wochititsa mwina ndicho kupanda chilungamo kwakukulu kwa woimba waluso kwambiri uyu. Arthur Rubinstein anavomereza kuti: “Anali woimba piyano wamkulu kwambiri moti mpaka ndinkamuchitira nsanje. Monga kondakitala, Enescu yachitapo m'malikulu onse a dziko lapansi ndipo iyenera kuikidwa m'gulu la akatswiri akuluakulu a nthawi yathu ino.

Ngati Enescu wochititsa ndi woyimba piyano akadali kupatsidwa udindo wawo, ndiye ntchito yake inayesedwa modzichepetsa kwambiri, ndipo ichi chinali tsoka lake, lomwe linasiya chisindikizo cha chisoni ndi kusakhutira m'moyo wake wonse.

Enescu ndi kunyada kwa chikhalidwe cha nyimbo cha Romania, wojambula yemwe amagwirizana kwambiri ndi luso lake lonse ndi dziko lakwawo; panthawi imodzimodziyo, ponena za kukula kwa ntchito zake ndi zopereka zomwe adapereka ku nyimbo zapadziko lonse, kufunikira kwake kumapitirira malire a dziko.

Monga woyimba zenera, Enescu anali wosayerekezeka. Pakusewera kwake, njira za imodzi mwasukulu zoyengedwa kwambiri za violin ku Europe - sukulu yaku France - zidaphatikizidwa ndi luso lachi Romanian "lautar" lachiwonetsero, lomwe latengeka kuyambira ali mwana. Chifukwa cha kaphatikizidwe kameneka, kalembedwe kapadera, koyambirira kunapangidwa komwe kunkasiyanitsa Enescu ndi oimba ena onse. Enescu anali wolemba ndakatulo wa violin, wojambula yemwe anali ndi zongopeka zolemera kwambiri. Sanasewere, koma adalenga pa siteji, kupanga mtundu wa ndakatulo improvisation. Palibe ntchito imodzi yomwe inali yofanana ndi ina, ufulu waumisiri wathunthu unamulola kuti asinthe ngakhale njira zamakono pamasewera. Masewera ake anali ngati mawu osangalatsa okhala ndi malingaliro olemera. Ponena za kalembedwe kake, Oistrakh analemba kuti: “Enescu woyimba violin anali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofunika kwambiri - ichi ndi kufotokoza kwapadera kwa katchulidwe ka uta, komwe sikophweka kugwiritsa ntchito. Kufotokozera momveka bwino kwamawu kunali kobadwa mu cholemba chilichonse, gulu lililonse la zolemba (izi ndizomwe zimachitikanso pakusewera kwa Menuhin, wophunzira wa Enescu).

Enescu anali mlengi m'chilichonse, ngakhale mu teknoloji ya violin, yomwe inali yatsopano kwa iye. Ndipo ngati Oistrakh akutchula kufotokoza momveka bwino kwa uta ngati kalembedwe katsopano ka Enescu's stroke, ndiye George Manoliu akunena kuti mfundo zake zala zinali zatsopano. “Enescu,” akulemba motero Manoliu, “imathetsa kukhudza zala zapamalo ndipo, mwa kugwiritsira ntchito kwambiri njira zowonjezera, motero imapeŵa kuuluka kosafunikira.” Enescu adapeza mpumulo wapadera wa mzere wanyimbo, ngakhale kuti mawu aliwonse amakhalabe ndi kusinthasintha kwake.

Popanga nyimbozo kuti zikhale zomveka bwino, adapanga njira yakeyake yogawa uta: malinga ndi Manoliu, Enescu mwina adagawaniza legato kukhala yaing'ono, kapena kutchula manotsi amomwemo, kwinaku akusunga mbali zonse. "Kusankha kosavuta kumeneku, kowoneka ngati kopanda vuto, kunapatsa uta mpweya watsopano, mawuwo adalandira chisangalalo, moyo womveka bwino." Zambiri zomwe zidapangidwa ndi Enescu, kudzera mwa iye yekha komanso kudzera mwa wophunzira wake Menuhin, zidalowa mdziko lonse lapansi m'zaka za zana la XNUMX.

Enescu anabadwa pa August 19, 1881 m'mudzi wa Liven-Vyrnav ku Moldova. Tsopano mudzi uwu ukutchedwa George Enescu.

Bambo wa woyimba violini m'tsogolo, Kostake Enescu, anali mphunzitsi, ndiye woyang'anira malo a eni nyumba. M’banja lake munali ansembe ambiri ndipo nayenso anaphunzira ku seminale. Amayi, Maria Enescu, nee Kosmovich, anachokera kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo. Makolowo anali opembedza. Mayiyo anali mkazi wokoma mtima kwambiri ndipo ankamukonda kwambiri mwana wakeyo. Mwanayo anakulira m'malo obiriwira a nyumba ya makolo akale.

Ku Romania, violin ndi chida chomwe anthu amakonda kwambiri. Bambo ake anali nazo, komabe, pamlingo wochepetsetsa kwambiri, akusewera nthawi yake yopuma kuchokera kuntchito. George wamng'ono ankakonda kumvetsera kwa abambo ake, koma gulu la oimba la gypsy lomwe anamva ali ndi zaka 3 linakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malingaliro ake. Nyimbo za mnyamatayo zinakakamiza makolo ake kuti amutengere ku Iasi kwa Caudella, wophunzira wa Vieuxtan. Enescu akufotokoza ulendo umenewu moseketsa.

“Ndiye, mwana, ukufuna undisewereko kena kake?

"Sewerani kaye nokha, kuti ndiwone ngati mutha kusewera!"

Bambo anafulumira kupepesa kwa Caudella. Woyimba violiniyo adakwiya kwambiri.

“Ndi mwana wamng’ono wakhalidwe loipa bwanji! Kalanga, ndinalimbikira.

- Ah chabwino? Ndiye tulukani kuno bambo!”

Mnyamatayo anaphunzitsidwa zoyambira za nyimbo ndi injiniya amene ankakhala moyandikana, ndipo pamene limba anaonekera m'nyumba, Georges anayamba kulemba zidutswa. Iye ankakonda kuimba violin ndi piyano pa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo pamene, ali ndi zaka 7, iye kachiwiri anabweretsedwa Caudella, analangiza makolo ake kupita ku Vienna. Luso lodabwitsa la mnyamatayo zinali zoonekeratu.

Georges anabwera ku Vienna ndi amayi ake ku 1889. Panthawiyo, nyimbo za Vienna zinkaonedwa kuti ndi "Paris yachiwiri". Woyimba violini wotchuka Josef Helmesberger (wamkulu) anali pamutu wa Conservatory, Brahms adakali moyo, kwa omwe mizere yotentha kwambiri imaperekedwa mu Memoirs ya Enescu; Hans Richter adachita masewerowa. Enescu adalandiridwa mu gulu lokonzekera la Conservatory m'kalasi la violin. Josef Helmesberger (wamng'ono) anamulowetsa. Anali wotsogolera wachitatu wa opera ndipo anatsogolera gulu lodziwika bwino la Helmesberger Quartet, m'malo mwa abambo ake, Josef Helmesberger (wamkulu). Enescu anakhala zaka 6 m'kalasi ya Helmesberger ndipo, pa uphungu wake, anasamukira ku Paris mu 1894. Vienna anam'patsa chiyambi cha maphunziro ochuluka. Apa iye anaphunzira zinenero, ankakonda mbiri ya nyimbo ndi zikuchokera zosachepera pa violin.

Phokoso la Paris, lodzaza ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana za moyo wanyimbo, zidakhudza woimba wachinyamatayo. Massenet, Saint-Saens, d'Andy, Faure, Debussy, Ravel, Paul Dukas, Roger-Ducs - awa ndi mayina omwe likulu la France linawala nawo. Enescu anadziwitsidwa kwa Massenet, yemwe anali wachifundo kwambiri ndi zoyesera zake zopeka. Wolemba nyimbo wa ku France anali ndi chisonkhezero chachikulu pa Enescu. "Pokhudzana ndi luso lanyimbo la Massenet, nyimbo zake zidacheperanso." Polemba, adatsogoleredwa ndi mphunzitsi wabwino Gedalge, koma nthawi yomweyo adalowa m'kalasi ya Massenet, ndipo atapuma pantchito, Gabriel Fauré. Anaphunzira ndi olemba nyimbo otchuka monga Florent Schmitt, Charles Kequelin, anakumana ndi Roger Dukas, Maurice Ravel.

Mawonekedwe a Enescu ku Conservatory sanawonekere. Cortot akunena kuti kale pamsonkhano woyamba, Enescu adachita chidwi ndi aliyense ndi kukongola kofanana kwa Brahms Concerto pa violin ndi Beethoven's Aurora pa piyano. Kusinthasintha kodabwitsa kwa nyimbo zake kunayamba kuonekera.

Enescu sanalankhule zambiri ponena za maphunziro a vayolini m’kalasi la Marsik, akuvomereza kuti sanasindikizidwe m’chikumbukiro chake: “Iye anandiphunzitsa kuimba bwinoko violin, anandithandiza kuphunzira masitayelo a nyimbo za violin, koma sindinatero kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndithu. ndisanalandire mphoto yoyamba.” Mphotho imeneyi inaperekedwa kwa Enescu mu 1899.

Paris "adazindikira" Enescu wolemba nyimbo. Mu 1898, wotsogolera wotchuka wa ku France Edouard Colonne adaphatikizapo "ndakatulo ya ku Romania" mu imodzi mwa mapulogalamu ake. Enescu anali ndi zaka 17 zokha! Anadziwitsidwa kwa Colone ndi woyimba piyano waluso waku Romania Elena Babescu, yemwe adathandizira woyimba zezeyo kuti apambane ku Paris.

Kuchita kwa "ndakatulo ya ku Romania" kunali kopambana kwambiri. Kupambana kudauzira Enescu, adalowa muzopangapanga, ndikupanga zidutswa zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (nyimbo, sonatas limba ndi violin, zingwe octet, ndi zina). Kalanga! Kuyamikira kwambiri "ndakatulo ya ku Romania", zolemba zotsatila zinakumana ndi otsutsa a ku Paris ndi kudziletsa kwakukulu.

Mu 1901-1902, analemba awiri "Romanian Rhapsodies" - ntchito zodziwika kwambiri za cholowa chake cholenga. Wopeka wachinyamatayo adakhudzidwa ndi machitidwe ambiri omwe anali amakono panthawiyo, nthawi zina zosiyana komanso zosiyana. Kuchokera ku Vienna adabweretsa chikondi kwa Wagner ndi ulemu kwa Brahms; ku Paris anakopeka ndi mawu a Massenet, omwe anagwirizana ndi zizoloŵezi zake zachibadwa; sanakhalebe osayanjanitsika ndi luso losawoneka bwino la Debussy, phale lokongola la Ravel: "Chotero, mu Second Piano Suite yanga, yopangidwa mu 1903, pali Pavane ndi Bourret, olembedwa mumayendedwe akale achi French, okumbutsa Debussy mumtundu. Ponena za Toccata yomwe imatsogolera zidutswa ziwirizi, mutu wake wachiwiri umawonetsa nyimbo ya Toccata kuchokera ku Tomb ya Couperin.

Mu "Memoirs" Enescu akuvomereza kuti nthawi zonse ankadzimva kuti sanali woimba violini monga wopeka. “Violin ndi chida chabwino kwambiri, ndikuvomereza,” akulemba motero, “koma sanandikhutiritse mokwanira.” Ntchito yoimba piyano ndi yoimba inamukopa kwambiri kuposa kuimba violin. Mfundo yakuti anakhala woyimba violini sichinachitike mwa kusankha kwake - zinali zochitika, "mlandu ndi chifuniro cha atate." Enescu imanenanso za umphawi wa mabuku a violin, kumene, pamodzi ndi luso la Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Schumann, Frank, Fauré, palinso nyimbo "zotopetsa" za Rode, Viotti ndi Kreutzer: "simungathe kukonda nyimbo ndi nyimbo. nyimbo iyi nthawi yomweyo. "

Kulandira mphoto yoyamba mu 1899 kunaika Enescu pakati pa oimba violin opambana ku Paris. Ojambula aku Romania akukonzekera konsati pa Marichi 24, chopereka chomwe cholinga chake ndi kugula zeze kwa wojambula wachinyamata. Zotsatira zake, Enescu amalandira chida chodabwitsa kwambiri cha Stradivarius.

M'zaka za m'ma 90, ubwenzi unayamba ndi Alfred Cortot ndi Jacques Thibaut. Ndi onse awiri, wachinyamata wachi Romanian nthawi zambiri amachita nawo makonsati. Zaka 10 zotsatira, zomwe zinatsegula zatsopano, zaka za XX, Enescu ndi nyali yodziwika ya Paris. Colnne akupereka konsati kwa iye (1901); Enescu amachita ndi Saint-Saens ndi Casals ndipo amasankhidwa kukhala membala wa French Society of Musicians; mu 1902 adayambitsa atatu ndi Alfred Casella (piyano) ndi Louis Fournier (cello), ndipo mu 1904 quartet ndi Fritz Schneider, Henri Casadesus ndi Louis Fournier. Iye mobwerezabwereza anaitanidwa ku jury la Paris Conservatory, iye amachititsa kwambiri konsati ntchito. N'zosatheka kutchula zochitika zonse zaluso za nthawiyi mwachidule za mbiri yakale. Tiyeni tingoona sewero loyamba lokha pa December 1, 1907 la Mozart's Seventh Concerto.

Mu 1907 anapita ku Scotland ndi zoimbaimba, ndipo mu 1909 ku Russia. Atangotsala pang'ono ulendo wake wa ku Russia, amayi ake anamwalira, omwe imfa yawo inawavuta.

Mu Russia, iye amachita monga woyimba zeze ndi wochititsa mu makonsati A. Siloti. Amayambitsa anthu aku Russia ku Seventh Concerto ya Mozart, amatsogolera Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 yolembedwa ndi J.-S. Bach. “Woyimba violini wamng’ono (wophunzira wa Marsik),” nyuzipepala ya ku Russia inayankha motero, “anadzisonyeza kukhala katswiri waluso, waluso ndi wamphumphu, amene sanayime pa zikopa zakunja za ukoma wochititsa chidwi, koma anali kufunafuna moyo waluso ndi kuzindikira. izo. Kamvekedwe kake kochititsa chidwi, kosonyeza chikondi, kamene kanali kochititsa chidwi kamene kanali kogwirizana kwambiri ndi kamvekedwe ka nyimbo za konsati ya Mozart.

Enescu amatha zaka zotsatira nkhondo isanayambe akuyenda kuzungulira Europe, koma makamaka amakhala ku Paris kapena ku Romania. Paris ikadali nyumba yake yachiwiri. Apa wazunguliridwa ndi anzake. Pakati pa oimba aku France, ali pafupi kwambiri ndi Thibault, Cortot, Casals, Ysaye. Maonekedwe ake okoma mtima komanso nyimbo zapadziko lonse zimakopa mitima kwa iye.

Palinso nthano zonena za kukoma mtima kwake ndi kuyankha kwake. Ku Paris, woyimba vayolini wang’ono ananyengerera Enescu kutsagana naye ku konsati kuti akope omvetsera. Enescu sanakane ndipo adapempha Cortot kuti amutembenuzire zolembazo. Tsiku lotsatira, nyuzipepala ina ya ku Paris inalemba mwanzeru za Chifalansa kuti: “Dzulo, konsati yochititsa chidwi inachitika. Amene ankayenera kuimba violin, pazifukwa zina, ankaimba piyano; amene amayenera kuyimba piyano adatembenuza zolembazo, ndipo yemwe amayenera kutembenuza zolembazo adayimba violin ... "

Chikondi cha Enescu pa dziko lakwawo ndi chodabwitsa. Mu 1913, adapereka ndalama zake kuti akhazikitse Mphotho Yadziko Lonse yotchedwa pambuyo pake.

Panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, iye anapitiriza kupereka zoimbaimba ku France, USA, ankakhala kwa nthawi yaitali mu Romania, kumene anatenga nawo mbali zachikondi zoimbaimba mokomera ovulala ndi othawa kwawo. Mu 1914 adatsogolera Beethoven's Ninth Symphony ku Romania mokomera ozunzidwa ndi nkhondo. Nkhondo ikuwoneka yowopsya kumaganizo ake aumunthu, amawona kuti ndizovuta ku chitukuko, monga kuwonongedwa kwa maziko a chikhalidwe. Monga kuti akuwonetsa kupambana kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe cha dziko lapansi, amapereka maulendo a mbiri yakale a 1915 ku Bucharest mu nyengo ya 16/16. Mu 1917 anabwerera ku Russia kwa zoimbaimba, chopereka chimene chimapita ku thumba la Red Cross. M’zochita zake zonse, mzimu wokonda dziko lako umaonekera. Mu 1918 anayambitsa gulu la oimba ku Iasi.

Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse ndi kukwera kwa mitengo kotsatira kunawononga Enescu. M'zaka za m'ma 20-30, amayenda padziko lonse lapansi, kuti apeze ndalama. “Luso la woyimba violini, lomwe lafika pachimake, limakopa omvera a Dziko Lakale ndi Dziko Latsopano ndi uzimu wake, kumbuyo komwe kuli njira yabwino kwambiri, malingaliro akuzama komanso chikhalidwe chapamwamba cha nyimbo. Oimba otchuka masiku ano amasirira Enescu ndipo amasangalala kuimba naye.” George Balan adatchula machitidwe opambana kwambiri a woyimba zeze: May 30, 1927 - machitidwe a Ravel's Sonata ndi wolemba; June 4, 1933 - ndi Carl Flesch ndi Jacques Thibault Concerto kwa violin atatu ndi Vivaldi; ntchito mu gulu limodzi ndi Alfred Cortot - machitidwe a sonatas ndi J.-S. Bach kwa violin ndi clavier mu June 1936 ku Strasbourg pa zikondwerero zoperekedwa kwa Bach; Kuchita nawo limodzi ndi Pablo Casals mu Double Brahms Concerto ku Bucharest mu Disembala 1937.

M’zaka za m’ma 30, Enescu ankaonedwanso ngati kondakitala. Ndi iye amene adalowa m'malo mwa A. Toscanini mu 1937 monga wotsogolera wa New York Symphony Orchestra.

Enescu sanali chabe woimba-ndakatulo. Analinso woganiza mozama. Kuzama kwa kumvetsetsa kwake kwa luso lake kuli kotero kuti akuitanidwa kukaphunzira kumasulira kwa ntchito zakale ndi zamakono ku Paris Conservatory ndi ku yunivesite ya Harvard ku New York. Dani Brunschwig analemba kuti: “Malongosoledwe a Enescu sanali mafotokozedwe wamba, . . . Nthawi zambiri zinali zovuta kuti titsatire Enescu m'njira iyi, yomwe adalankhula mokongola, mopanda ulemu komanso mwaulemu - pambuyo pa zonse, tinali, ambiri, oimba violin okha komanso oimba violin okha.

Moyo woyendayenda umalemetsa Enescu, koma sangathe kukana, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amayenera kulimbikitsa nyimbo zake ndi ndalama zake. Cholengedwa chake chabwino kwambiri, opera Oedipus, yomwe adagwirapo ntchito kwa zaka 25 za moyo wake, sichikanatha kuwona kuwala ngati wolembayo sakanayika ndalama zokwana 50 francs popanga. Lingaliro la opera linabadwa mu 000, pansi pa chithunzi cha masewero otchuka a Mune Sully mu udindo wa Oedipus Rex, koma masewerowa adachitidwa ku Paris pa March 1910, 10.

Koma ngakhale buku lochititsa chidwi kwambiri limeneli silinatsimikizire kutchuka kwa wolemba nyimbo Enescu, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri oimba nyimbo anayamikira kwambiri Oedipus yake. Chifukwa chake, Honegger adamuwona kuti ndi chimodzi mwazolengedwa zazikulu kwambiri zanyimbo zanthawi zonse.

Enescu analembera bwenzi lake ku Romania mopwetekedwa mtima mu 1938 kuti: “Mosasamala kanthu za chenicheni chakuti ine ndine mlembi wa mabuku ambiri, ndi kuti ndimadziona kukhala wopeka, anthu mouma khosi akupitirizabe kundiwona mwa ine wokoma mtima basi. Koma zimenezi sizikundidetsa nkhawa chifukwa moyo ndimaudziwa bwino. Ndikupitirizabe kuyenda mouma khosi kuchokera ku mzinda kupita kumzinda ndi chikwama kumbuyo kwanga kuti ndipeze ndalama zofunikira zomwe zidzanditsimikizire ufulu wanga.

Moyo waumwini wa wojambula unalinso wachisoni. Chikondi chake kwa Mfumukazi Maria Contacuzino chikufotokozedwa ndakatulo m'buku la George Balan. Iwo anayamba kukondana ali aang’ono, koma mpaka 1937 Maria anakana kukhala mkazi wake. Makhalidwe awo anali osiyana kwambiri. Maria anali mkazi wanzeru pagulu, wophunzira kwambiri komanso woyambirira. “Nyumba yake, kumene ankaimba nyimbo zambiri ndiponso kuwerenga nkhani zatsopano, inali imodzi mwa malo amene anthu anzeru a ku Bucharest ankachitira misonkhano yawo.” Chikhumbo cha kudziimira paokha, mantha akuti “chikondi chopondereza, chopondereza cha munthu wanzeru” chingam’chepetsere ufulu, zinam’pangitsa kutsutsa ukwati kwa zaka 15. Anali wolondola - ukwati sunabweretse chisangalalo. Chikhumbo chake chokhala ndi moyo wotukuka ndi wonyada zinatsutsana ndi zomwe Enescu ankafuna komanso zomwe ankafuna. Kuwonjezera apo, iwo anagwirizana panthaŵi imene Mariya anadwala kwambiri. Kwa zaka zambiri, Enescu ankasamalira mkazi wake wodwala mopanda dyera. Munali chitonthozo chokha mu nyimbo, ndipo mmenemo anadzitsekera yekha.

Umu ndi mmene nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse inamupezera. Enescu anali ku Romania panthawiyo. M'zaka zonse zopondereza, pamene zidakhalapo, adakhalabe ndi udindo wodzipatula kuchokera kumadera ozungulira, adani kwambiri muzowona zake, zenizeni za fascist. Mnzake wa Thibaut ndi Casals, wophunzira wauzimu wa chikhalidwe cha Chifalansa, anali wachilendo kwambiri ku dziko la Germany, ndipo umunthu wake wapamwamba unatsutsana kwambiri ndi malingaliro ankhanza a fascism. Palibe paliponse pamene anasonyeza poyera kuti amadana ndi ulamuliro wa chipani cha Nazi, koma sanavomere kupita ku Germany ndi makonsati ndipo kukhala chete kwake “kunali komvekera bwino ngati kutsutsa mwamphamvu kwa Bartok, amene ananena kuti sangalole kuti dzina lake liperekedwe kwa aliyense. mumsewu ku Budapest, pomwe mumzindawu muli misewu ndi mabwalo okhala ndi dzina la Hitler ndi Mussolini.

Nkhondo itayamba, Enescu analinganiza Quartet, m’mene C. Bobescu, A. Riadulescu, T. Lupu nawonso analoŵererapo, ndipo mu 1942 anachita ndi gulu limeneli kuzungulira kwa maquartets a Beethoven. “M’kati mwa nkhondoyo, iye mwamwano anagogomezera kufunika kwa ntchito ya wopeka nyimboyo, imene inkaimba za ubale wa anthu.”

Kusungulumwa kwake mwamakhalidwe kunatha ndi kumasulidwa kwa Romania ku ulamuliro wankhanza wa fascist. Amasonyeza poyera chifundo chake champhamvu kwa Soviet Union. Pa October 15, 1944, iye akuchititsa konsati kulemekeza asilikali a Soviet Army, mu December pa Ateneum - Beethoven nyimbo zisanu ndi zinayi. Mu 1945, Enescu adakhazikitsa ubale wabwino ndi oimba a Soviet - David Oistrakh, Vilhom Quartet, yemwe adabwera ku Romania paulendo. Ndi gulu lodabwitsali, Enescu adachita Fauré Piano Quartet mu C minor, Schumann Quintet ndi Chausson Sextet. Ndi William Quartet, adasewera nyimbo kunyumba. “Izi zinali nthaŵi zosangalatsa,” akutero woyimba zeze woyamba wa quartet, M. Simkin. "Tidasewera ndi Maestro the Piano Quartet ndi Brahms Quintet." Enescu adachita makonsati momwe Oborin ndi Oistrakh adaimba nyimbo za violin ndi piyano za Tchaikovsky. Mu 1945, woimba wolemekezeka anachezeredwa ndi zisudzo onse Soviet kufika Romania - Daniil Shafran, Yuri Bryushkov, Marina Kozolupova. Kuwerenga ma symphonies, makonsati a oimba aku Soviet, Enescu adadzipezera yekha dziko latsopano.

Pa April 1, 1945, adachititsa Seventh Symphony ya Shostakovich ku Bucharest. Mu 1946 anapita ku Moscow, akuimba violinist, kondakitala ndi limba. Anachititsa Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, Tchaikovsky's Fourth; ndi David Oistrakh adayimba Concerto ya Bach ya Violin Awiri komanso adachita nawo gawo la piyano mu Grieg's Sonata ku C Minor. “Omvera achidwi sanawatulutse pabwalo kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Kenako Enescu anafunsa Oistrakh kuti: “Kodi timasewera chiyani pamasewera a pakompyuta?” "Mbali ya sonata ya Mozart," anayankha Oistrakh. Palibe amene ankaganiza kuti tinaimba limodzi kwa nthawi yoyamba m'moyo wathu, popanda kuyeserera kulikonse!

Mu May 1946, kwa nthaŵi yoyamba pambuyo pa kulekana kwanthaŵi yaitali chifukwa cha nkhondo, akukumana ndi wokondedwa wake, Yehudi Menuhin, amene anafika ku Bucharest. Amachitira limodzi mkombero wa ma concert a chipinda ndi symphony, ndipo Enescu akuwoneka kuti ali ndi mphamvu zatsopano zomwe zinatayika panthawi yovuta ya nkhondo.

Ulemu, kusilira kwakukulu kwa nzika zinzako zikuzungulira Enescu. Ndipo komabe, pa September 10, 1946, ali ndi zaka 65, akuchokanso ku Romania kukathera mphamvu zake zonse m’kuyendayenda kosatha padziko lonse. Ulendo wa maestro akale ndi wopambana. Pa Chikondwerero cha Bach ku Strasbourg mu 1947, adaimba ndi Menuhin a Bach Concerto iwiri, adatsogolera oimba ku New York, London, Paris. Komabe, m’chilimwe cha 1950, anamva zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda aakulu a mtima. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wakhala akucheperachepera. Amalemba mwamphamvu, koma, monga nthawi zonse, nyimbo zake sizimapanga ndalama. Akauzidwa kuti abwerere kwawo, amazengereza. Moyo wakunja sunalole kumvetsetsa kolondola kwa kusintha komwe kukuchitika ku Romania. Zimenezi zinapitirira mpaka Enescu anagonekedwa ndi matenda.

Wojambula yemwe anali kudwala mwakayakaya analandira kalata mu November 1953 kuchokera kwa Petru Groza, yemwe panthaŵiyo anali mkulu wa boma la Romania, kum’limbikitsa kubwerera: “Choyamba, mtima wako umafunikira chikondi chimene anthu akukuyembekezerani, anthu a ku Romania, amene mwawatumikira. ndi kudzipereka kotere kwa moyo wanu wonse, kunyamula ulemerero wa luso lake la kulenga kupitirira malire a dziko lanu. Anthu amakuyamikirani ndi kukukondani. Iye akuyembekeza kuti mudzabwerera kwa iye ndiyeno iye adzakhala wokhoza kukuunikirani ndi kuunika kosangalatsako kwa chikondi cha chilengedwe chonse, kumene kokha kungabweretse mtendere kwa ana ake aakulu. Palibe chofanana ndi apotheosis ngati imeneyi. ”

Kalanga! Enescu sanaikidwe kubwerera. Pa June 15, 1954, ziwalo za kumanzere kwa theka la thupi zinayamba. Yehudi Menuhin anamupeza ali m’dera limeneli. “Zikumbukiro za msonkhano uno sizindisiya. Nthawi yomaliza imene ndinaona katswiriyu anali chakumapeto kwa 1954 m’nyumba yake ku Rue Clichy ku Paris. Anagona pabedi ali wofooka, koma modekha. Kuyang'ana kumodzi kokha kunanena kuti malingaliro ake anapitirizabe kukhala ndi mphamvu zake zobadwa nazo. Ndinayang'ana manja ake amphamvu, omwe adalenga kukongola kwambiri, ndipo tsopano anali opanda mphamvu, ndipo ndinanjenjemera ... "Atatsanzikana ndi Menuhin, pamene munthu akutsanzikana ndi moyo, Enescu anam'patsa violin yake ya Santa Seraphim ndikumupempha kuti atenge zonse. violin ake kuti asungidwe.

Enescu anafa usiku wa 3/4 May 1955. “Poganizira chikhulupiriro cha Enescu chakuti “unyamata suli chizindikiro cha msinkhu, koma mkhalidwe wamaganizo,” pamenepo Enescu anafa ali wamng’ono. Ngakhale ali ndi zaka 74, adakhalabe wokhulupirika ku malingaliro ake apamwamba komanso aluso, chifukwa chake adasunga mzimu wake wachinyamata. Kwa zaka zambiri nkhope yake inali ndi makwinya, koma moyo wake, wodzaza ndi kufunafuna kosatha kwa kukongola, sunagonje pa mphamvu ya nthawi. Imfa yake sinabwere monga mathero a kulowa kwa dzuwa kwachilengedwe, koma monga kugunda kwa mphezi komwe kunagwa mtengo wonyada. Umu ndi mmene George Enescu anatisiyira. Mitembo yake yapadziko lapansi inayikidwa m'manda a Père Lachaise ... "

L. Raaben