Alexander Nikolayevich Serov (Alexander Serov) |

Alexander Serov

Moyo wake wonse unali ntchito yojambula, ndipo adapereka china chilichonse kwa iye ... V. Stasov

A. Serov ndi wolemba nyimbo wotchuka wa ku Russia, wotsutsa kwambiri nyimbo, mmodzi mwa omwe anayambitsa Russian musicology. Iye analemba 3 operas, 2 cantatas, orchestral, zida, kwaya, ntchito mawu, nyimbo zisudzo zisudzo, makonzedwe a nyimbo wowerengeka. Iye ndi mlembi wa ntchito zambiri zanyimbo zovuta.

Serov anabadwira m'banja la mkulu wa boma. Kuyambira ali mwana, mnyamata anasonyeza zosiyanasiyana luso ndi zokonda, amene analimbikitsidwa m'njira iliyonse ndi makolo ake. Zowona, pambuyo pake, abambo adzatsutsa kwambiri - mpaka kukangana kwakukulu - maphunziro a nyimbo a mwana wake, akuwaganizira kuti sangasinthe.

Mu 1835-40. Serov anaphunzira pa School of Law. Kumeneko anakumana ndi V. Stasov, amene posakhalitsa anakula kukhala ubwenzi wolimba. Kulemberana makalata pakati pa Serov ndi Stasov a zaka zimenezo ndi chikalata chodabwitsa cha mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha zowunikira zamtsogolo za kutsutsa kwa nyimbo za ku Russia. "Kwa tonsefe," Stasov adalemba pambuyo pa imfa ya Serov, "makalata awa anali ofunika kwambiri - tinathandizana kuti tikule osati nyimbo zokha, komanso zina zonse." M'zaka zimenezo, Serov anaonekera luso kuchita: iye bwinobwino anaphunzira kuimba limba ndi cello, ndipo iye anayamba kuphunzira omaliza kusukulu. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, ntchito yake inayamba. Nyumba ya Senate, Utumiki wa Chilungamo, utumiki ku Simferopol ndi Pskov, Unduna wa Zam'kati, St. Petersburg Post Office, kumene iye, yemwe ankadziwa bwino zilankhulo zingapo za ku Ulaya, adalembedwa ngati censor wa makalata akunja - izi ndizofunika kwambiri. kuchokera ku ntchito yochepetsetsa kwambiri ya Serov, yomwe, komabe, inalibe, komabe, kwa iye, kupatulapo phindu, mtengo uliwonse waukulu. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chodziwika chinali nyimbo, zomwe ankafuna kudzipereka yekha popanda kufufuza.

Serov kulemba kusasitsa kunali kovuta komanso pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa maphunziro oyenera akatswiri. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 40. phatikizani ma opus ake oyamba: 2 sonatas, zachikondi, komanso zolemba za piyano za ntchito zazikulu za JS Bach, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven ndi olemba nyimbo ena akale. Kale panthawiyo, Serov anachita chidwi ndi mapulani a zisudzo, ngakhale kuti sanakwaniritsidwe. Chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zosamalizidwa chinali opera "May Night" (pambuyo pa N. Gogol). Chigawo chimodzi chokha cha izo chakhalapo mpaka lero - Pemphero la Ganna, lomwe linali ntchito yoyamba ya Serov, yomwe inachitikira pamsonkhano wapagulu mu 1851. M'chaka chomwecho, kuwonekera kwake koyamba m'munda wovuta kunachitika. Mu imodzi mwazolemba zake, Serov adapanga ntchito yake ngati wotsutsa: "Maphunziro anyimbo pakati pa owerenga aku Russia ndi osowa kwambiri ... yesani ponena za kufalikira kwa maphunzirowa, tiyeneranso kusamala kuti kuwerenga kwathu pagulu kuli ndi malingaliro oyenera pa zonse, ngakhale kuti mbali zofunika kwambiri za luso loimba nyimbo, popeza popanda chidziwitso ichi malingaliro aliwonse olondola a nyimbo, olemba ake ndi ochita masewera sangathe. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Serov anayambitsa mawu akuti "musicology" mu mabuku Russian. Nkhani zambiri zam'mutu za nyimbo zamakono za ku Russia ndi zakunja zimadzutsidwa m'ntchito zake: ntchito ya Glinka ndi Wagner, Mozart ndi Beethoven, Dargomyzhsky ndi olemba a Mighty Handful, etc. iye anali kugwirizana kwambiri ndi izo, koma posakhalitsa Serov ndi Kuchkists analekana njira, ubale wawo unakhala chidani, ndipo zinachititsa yopuma ndi Stasov.

Ntchito yamphepo yamkuntho, yomwe inatenga nthawi yambiri ya Serov, komabe sichinafooketse chikhumbo chake cholemba nyimbo. "Ndadzibweretsera ndekha," analemba mu 1860, "mbiri yodziwika podzipangira dzina ndi otsutsa nyimbo, kulemba za nyimbo, koma ntchito yaikulu ya moyo wanga sidzakhala mu izi, koma mu luso loimba“. 60s inakhala zaka khumi zomwe zinabweretsa kutchuka kwa wolemba nyimbo Serov. Mu 1862, opera Judith inamalizidwa, libretto yake inachokera pa sewero la dzina lomwelo ndi wolemba sewero wa ku Italy P. Giacometti. Mu 1865 - "Rogneda", wodzipereka ku zochitika za mbiri yakale ya Russia. Opera yotsiriza inali The Enemy Force (imfa inasokoneza ntchito, opera inamalizidwa ndi V. Serova, mkazi wa wolemba nyimbo, ndi N. Solovyov), yomwe inalengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito sewero la AN Ostrovsky "Musati mukhale momwe mukufunira."

Masewera onse a Serov adachitidwa ku St. Petersburg ku Mariinsky Theatre ndipo adapambana kwambiri. Mwa iwo, wolembayo anayesa kugwirizanitsa mfundo zazikulu za Wagner ndi chikhalidwe cha machitidwe a dziko. "Judith" ndi "Rogneda" adalengedwa ndipo adawonetsedwa koyamba pa siteji panthawiyo, pamene zolengedwa zaluso za Glinka ndi Dargomyzhsky zidalembedwa kale (kupatula "The Stone Guest") ndi zisudzo za "Kuchkist" olemba nyimbo. P. Tchaikovsky anali asanawonekere. Serov adalephera kupanga kalembedwe kake komaliza. Pali zambiri eclecticism mu opera ake, ngakhale mu zigawo zabwino kwambiri, makamaka kusonyeza moyo wowerengeka, iye amakwaniritsa momveka bwino ndi wanzeru. Patapita nthawi, Serov wotsutsa anaphimba Serov wolemba. Komabe, izi sizingadutse zamtengo wapatali zomwe zili mu nyimbo zake, zaluso komanso zoyambirira.

A. Nazarov