Kusintha |

kuyambira mochedwa kusintha - kusintha

1) Kukweza kapena kutsitsa sikelo yayikulu popanda kusintha dzina lake. Ngozi: (kuthwa, kukwera ndi semitone), (lathyathyathya, kugwa ndi semitone), (kuthwa kuwiri, kukwera ndi mawu), (kuwiri-flat, kugwa ndi kamvekedwe). Zizindikiro za kuwonjezeka katatu ndi kuchepa sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito (kupatulapo kuli mu Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh, nambala 220).

Ngozi kumayambiriro kwa mzere wanyimbo wokhala ndi kiyi (kiyi) ndizovomerezeka mu ma octave onse mpaka zitasintha. Zangozi musanalembe (mwachisawawa) ndizovomerezeka mu octave imodzi yokha mkati mwa bala yoperekedwa. Kukana kusintha kumasonyezedwa ndi chizindikiro (bekar).

Poyambirira, lingaliro la kusintha linayambika mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko yapawiri ya phokoso la B, lomwe linakumanapo kale m'zaka za zana la 10. Chizindikiro chozungulira chimatanthawuza cholemba chapansi (kapena "chofewa", French -mol, motero mawu akuti flat); amakona anayi - apamwamba ("square", French. sarry, hence the becar); chizindikirocho kwa nthawi yayitali (mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17) chinali chofanana ndi bekar.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 17-18. mwachisawawa ndipo adayamba kuchitapo kanthu mpaka kumapeto kwa bar (poyamba adakhalabe ovomerezeka pokhapokha pomwe cholembera chomwechi chidabwerezedwa), ngozi ziwiri zidayambitsidwa. Mu nyimbo zamakono, chifukwa cha chizolowezi cha chromatization ya dongosolo la tonal, kuyika kwangozi zazikulu nthawi zambiri kumataya tanthauzo (ziyenera kuthetsedwa nthawi yomweyo). Mu nyimbo za dodecaphone, mwangozi nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa patsogolo pa cholemba chilichonse chosinthidwa (kupatulapo zomwe zimabwerezedwa muyeso); zizindikiro ziwiri sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

2) Muchiphunzitso cha mgwirizano, kusintha kumamveka ngati kusintha kwa chromatic kwa masitepe akuluakulu osakhazikika a sikelo, kukulitsa kukopa kwawo kukhala okhazikika (kumveka kwa tonic triad). Mwachitsanzo, mu C major:

Zolemba zomwe zimakhala ndi mawu osinthidwa chromatically zimatchedwa zosinthidwa. Ofunika kwambiri a iwo amapanga magulu atatu. Maziko a aliyense wa iwo ndi kuchuluka kwachisanu ndi chimodzi, yomwe ili semitone pamwamba pa phokoso la tonic triad. Table ya nyimbo zosinthidwa (malinga ndi IV Sposobin):

M'kutanthauzira kwina, kusintha kawirikawiri kumatanthauza kusintha kulikonse kwa chromatic kwa chord ya diatonic, mosasamala kanthu kuti kusuntha kwa chromatic kumalunjikitsidwa ku phokoso la tonic kapena ayi (X. Riemann, G. Schenker, A. Schoenberg, G. Erpf). Mwachitsanzo, mu C-dur, ce-ges ndikusintha kwa XNUMXst degree triad, a-cis-e ndi XNUMX digiri triad.

3) M'chidziwitso chaumuna, kusintha ndiko kuwirikiza kwachiwiri kwa nthawi ziwiri zofanana (mwachitsanzo, yachiwiri mwa ma semibrevises awiri) potembenuza mita ya magawo awiri kukhala magawo atatu; | | | | mu mita iwiri (mu rhythmic notation yamakono) sinthani kukhala | | | mu utatu.

Zothandizira: Tyulin Yu., Kuphunzitsa za mgwirizano, gawo I, L., 1937, M., 1966; Aerova F., Ladova kusintha, K., 1962; Berkov V., Harmony, gawo 2, M., 1964, (mbali zonse 3 m’buku limodzi) M., 1970; Sposobin I., Nkhani za mgwirizano, M., 1968; Schenker H., Neue musikalische Theorien und Phantasien…, Bd 1, B.-Stuttg., 1906; Schönberg A., Harmonlelehre, Lpz.-W., 1911, W., 1949; Riemann H., Handbuch der Harmonie- und Modulationslehre, Lpz., 1913; Kurth E., Romantische Harmonik und ihre Krise in Wagners “Tristan”, Bern, 1920; Erpf H., Studien zur Harmonie- und Klangtechnik der neueren Musik, Lpz., 1927.

Yu. N. Kholopov