Ambroise Thomas |

Ambrose Thomas

Dzina la Tom linali lodziwika bwino kwa anthu a m'nthawi yake monga wolemba opera Mignon, yomwe yapirira zisudzo zoposa 30 pazaka 1000 zapitazi za moyo wake, komanso monga wosunga miyambo ya Paris Conservatory, yemwe amafuna kukhala munthu wakale m'nthawi ya moyo wake.

Charles Louis Ambroise Thomas adabadwa pa Ogasiti 5, 1811 ku Metz, m'banja loimba. Bambo ake, mphunzitsi wodzichepetsa wa nyimbo, anayamba kumuphunzitsa kusewera piyano ndi violin oyambirira kwambiri, kotero kuti ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, mnyamatayo adayesedwa kale kuti ndi woimba kwambiri pa zida izi. Pambuyo pa imfa ya abambo ake, banja linasamukira ku likulu, ndipo ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri Thomas adalowa ku Paris Conservatory, komwe adaphunzira limba ndi zolemba ndi JF Lesueur. Kupambana kwa Tom kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti nthawi zonse ankalandira mphoto: mu 1829 - mu piyano, yotsatira - mogwirizana, ndipo, potsiriza, mu 1832 - mphoto yapamwamba kwambiri yopangidwa, Mphoto Yaikulu ya Roma, yomwe inapatsa ufulu kwa atatu. - Chaka kukhala ku Italy. . Apa Tomasi anaphunzira opera yamakono ya ku Italy ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, mothandizidwa ndi wojambula wotchuka Ingres, adakondana ndi nyimbo za Mozart ndi Beethoven.

Kubwerera ku Paris mu 1836, woimbayo anachita sewero loyamba lazithunzi patatha chaka chimodzi, kenako analemba ena asanu ndi atatu motsatizana. Mtundu uwu wakhala waukulu kwambiri pantchito ya Tom. Kupambana kudabweretsedwa ndi sewero losadzichepetsa la Cadi (1849), wojambula wa Rossini's The Italian Girl in Algiers, pafupi ndi operetta, yomwe pambuyo pake idasangalatsa Bizet ndi nzeru, unyamata wosazirala komanso luso. Idatsatiridwa ndi Loto la Usiku wa Midsummer ndi Mfumukazi Elizabeti, Shakespeare ndi otchulidwa m'masewero ake ena, koma osati kuchokera ku sewero lomwe linapatsa opera dzina lake. Mu 1851, Thomas adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa French Academy ndipo adakhala pulofesa ku Paris Conservatory (pakati pa ophunzira ake - Massenet).

Nthawi yopambana ya ntchito ya Tom imagwera m'ma 1860s. Ntchito yofunikira pa izi idaseweredwa ndi kusankha kwa ziwembu ndi omasulira. Potsatira chitsanzo cha Gounod, adatembenukira kwa J. Barbier ndi M. Carré ndipo, kutsatira Gounod's Faust (1859) potengera tsoka la Goethe, analemba Mignon (1866), yochokera m'buku la Goethe The Years of Wilhelm Meister's Teaching, komanso pambuyo pa Gounod's. Romeo ndi Juliet (1867), Shakespeare's Hamlet (1868). Opera otsiriza ankaona kuti ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya Tom, pamene Mignon anakhalabe wotchuka kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali, kupirira zisudzo 100 mu nyengo yoyamba. Masewerowa adayambitsa kukwera kwatsopano kwa ulamuliro wa Tom: mu 1871 adakhala mtsogoleri wa Paris Conservatoire. Ndipo chaka chapitacho, wolemba wazaka pafupifupi 60 adadziwonetsa yekha wokonda dziko lawo, kulowa usilikali monga wodzipereka poyambitsa nkhondo ya Franco-Prussia. Komabe, utsogoleri sanasiye Tom nthawi zilandiridwenso, ndipo pambuyo Hamlet sanalembe chilichonse kwa zaka 14. Mu 1882, opera yake yomaliza, ya 20, Francesca da Rimini, yochokera ku Dante's Divine Comedy, idawonekera. Pambuyo pa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za chete, ntchito yomaliza yochokera pa Shakespeare idapangidwa - ballet yosangalatsa The Tempest.

Thomas anamwalira pa February 12, 1896 ku Paris.

A. Koenigsberg