Boris Tischenko |

Boris Tischenko

Ubwino wapamwamba kwambiri… si china koma chidziwitso cha chowonadi kuchokera pazoyambitsa zake zoyambirira. R. Descartes

B. Tishchenko ndi mmodzi mwa olemba otchuka a Soviet a mbadwo wa pambuyo pa nkhondo. Iye ndi mlembi wa ballets wotchuka "Yaroslavna", "The khumi ndi awiri"; siteji ikugwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mawu a K. Chukovsky: "Fly-Sokotukha", "The Stolen Sun", "Cockroach". Wolemba nyimboyo analemba ntchito zambiri za okhestra - 5 symphonies yosakonzekera (kuphatikizapo pa siteshoni ndi M. Tsvetaeva), "Sinfonia robusta", symphony "Chronicle of the Siege"; ma concerto a piyano, cello, violin, zeze; 5 zingwe quartets; 8 piano sonatas (kuphatikiza Yachisanu ndi chiwiri - yokhala ndi mabelu); 2 violin sonatas, etc. Nyimbo za Tishchenko za mawu zikuphatikizapo Nyimbo zisanu pa St. O. Driz; Chofunikira cha soprano, tenor ndi orchestra pa St. A. Akhmatova; "Chipangano" cha soprano, zeze ndi limba pa St. N. Zabolotsky; Cantata "Garden of Music" pa St. A. Kushner. Anayambitsa "ndakatulo zinayi za Captain Lebyadkin" ndi D. Shostakovich. Wopeka wa ku Peru amaphatikizanso nyimbo za "Suzdal", "Imfa ya Pushkin", "Igor Savvovich", sewero la "Mtima wa Galu".

Tishchenko anamaliza maphunziro a Leningrad Conservatory (1962-63), aphunzitsi ake omwe adalembapo anali V. Salmanov, V. Voloshin, O. Evlakhov, pasukulu yomaliza maphunziro - D. Shostakovich, mu piyano - A. Logovinsky. Tsopano iye ndi pulofesa pa Leningrad Conservatory.

Tishchenko anayamba ngati wopeka kwambiri - ali ndi zaka 18 analemba Violin Concerto, ali ndi zaka 20 - Quartet Yachiwiri, yomwe inali imodzi mwa nyimbo zake zabwino kwambiri. M'ntchito yake, mzere wachikale komanso mzere wamalingaliro amakono adawonekera kwambiri. Mwa njira yatsopano, kuunikira zithunzi za mbiri yakale ya ku Russia ndi nthano za Chirasha, wolemba nyimboyo amasilira mtundu wa zakale, akufuna kuwonetsa dziko lapansi lodziwika bwino lomwe lapanga zaka mazana ambiri (ballet Yaroslavna - 1974, Third Symphony - 1966, mbali za Wachiwiri (1959), Third Quartets (1970), Third Piano Sonata - 1965). Nyimbo yaku Russia ya Tishchenko ndi yauzimu komanso yokongola. Kumvetsetsa kwakuya kwakuya kwa chikhalidwe cha dziko kunalola wolemba nyimbo mu Third Symphony kuti apange mtundu watsopano wa nyimbo - monga momwe zilili, "symphony of tunes"; kumene nsalu za orchestra zimalukidwa kuchokera ku zoimbira za zida. Nyimbo zamoyo zomaliza za symphony zimagwirizana ndi chithunzi cha ndakatulo ya N. Rubtsov - "dziko langa labata". N'zochititsa chidwi kuti maganizo akale dziko anakopa Tishchenko komanso mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha East, makamaka chifukwa cha kuphunzira nyimbo zakale Japanese "gagaku". Pomvetsetsa zenizeni za anthu aku Russia komanso mawonedwe akale a Kum'mawa, woimbirayo adapanga mtundu wapadera wanyimbo zamtundu wamtundu wapadera - kusinkhasinkha, komwe kusintha kwa nyimbo kumachitika pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono (pang'onopang'ono cello solo mu Cello Yoyamba. Concerto - 1963).

Mu chitsanzo cha mmene kwa XX atumwi. zithunzi za kulimbana, kugonjetsa, zoopsa grotesque, mikangano yauzimu kwambiri, Tishchenko amachita monga wolowa m'malo symphonic masewero a mphunzitsi wake Shostakovich. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi Fourth and Fifth Symphonies (1974 ndi 1976).

The Fourth Symphony ndi yofuna kwambiri - inalembedwa kwa oimba 145 ndi owerenga ndi maikolofoni ndipo ali ndi kutalika kwa ola limodzi ndi theka (ndiko kuti, concerto yonse ya symphony). The Fifth Symphony idaperekedwa kwa Shostakovich ndipo ikupitilizabe mwachindunji chithunzi cha nyimbo zake - kulengeza kwapang'onopang'ono, kupsinjika kwa kutentha thupi, zovuta zowopsa, komanso limodzi ndi izi - ma monologues aatali. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi motif-monogram ya Shostakovich (D-(e)S-С-Н), imaphatikizapo mawu ochokera ku ntchito zake (kuchokera ku Eighth and Tenth Symphonies, Sonata for Viola, etc.), komanso kuchokera ku ma Symphonies ntchito za Tishchenko (kuchokera Third Symphony, Fifth Piano Sonata, Piano Concerto). Uwu ndi mtundu wa makambirano pakati pa wachichepere wamasiku ano ndi wamkulu, "mtundu wa mibadwo yolumikizana".

Zowonetsa kuchokera ku nyimbo za Shostakovich zidawonetsedwanso mu sonatas ziwiri za violin ndi piyano (1957 ndi 1975). Mu Sonata Wachiwiri, chithunzi chachikulu chimene chimayamba ndi kutha ntchito ndi zomvetsa chisoni oratorical kulankhula. Sonata iyi ndi yachilendo kwambiri pamapangidwe - imakhala ndi zigawo 7, zomwe zosamvetseka zimapanga "mapangidwe" omveka (Prelude, Sonata, Aria, Postlude), ndipo ngakhale omwe ali ndi "intervals" (Intermezzo I, II). , III mu presto tempo). Nyimbo ya ballet "Yaroslavna" ("Eclipse") inalembedwa motengera chipilala chapamwamba cha zolemba zakale za Russia Yakale - "Nthano ya Igor's Campaign" (yomasulidwa ndi O. Vinogradov).

Oimba mu ballet amathandizidwa ndi gawo lakwaya lomwe limakulitsa kukoma kwa mawu aku Russia. Mosiyana ndi kutanthauzira kwa chiwembu mu opera ya A. Borodin "Prince Igor", wolemba wazaka za zana la XNUMX. tsoka la kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali a Igor likugogomezedwa. Chilankhulo choyambirira cha nyimbo za ballet chimaphatikizapo nyimbo zankhanza zomwe zimamveka kuchokera kwa kwaya yachimuna, nyimbo zonyansa zankhondo, "kufuula" kwachisoni kuchokera kwa oimba ("Steppe of Death"), nyimbo zamphepo zowopsya, zokumbutsa phokoso la chisoni.

Concerto Yoyamba ya Cello ndi Orchestra ili ndi lingaliro lapadera. “Chinachake chonga kalata yopita kwa bwenzi,” wolembayo anatero ponena za iye. Mtundu watsopano wa chitukuko cha nyimbo umazindikirika mu kapangidwe kake, kofanana ndi kukula kwa mbewu kuchokera ku njere. Concerto imayamba ndi phokoso limodzi la cello, lomwe limakulirakulira kukhala "spurs, mphukira." Monga ngati palokha, nyimbo imabadwa, kukhala mawu a mlembi, “chivomerezo cha moyo.” Ndipo pambuyo poyambira nkhaniyo, wolembayo adayambitsa sewero lachimphepo, lomwe lili pachimake chakuthwa, chotsatiridwa ndi kunyamuka kupita ku gawo la kuwunikira kowunikira. "Ndikudziwa konsati yoyamba ya cello ya Tishchenko pamtima," adatero Shostakovich. Monga ntchito zonse zopeka zazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, nyimbo za Tishchenko zimasinthika kukhala mawu, omwe amabwerera ku chiyambi cha luso loimba.

V. Kholopova