Kusanthula kwa ntchito yozikidwa pamabuku oimba

M'nkhani yapitayi tinakambirana za momwe tingasankhire masewera asanawabweretse kuntchito m'kalasi yapadera. Ulalo wa nkhaniyi uli kumapeto kwa positiyi. Lero cholinga chathu chidzakhalanso pakuwunika kwa nyimbo, koma tidzakhala tikukonzekera maphunziro a mabuku oimba.

Choyamba, tiyeni tiwunikire mfundo zina zofunika kwambiri, ndiyeno tiganizire za mitundu ina ya nyimbo - mwachitsanzo, opera, symphony, vocal cycle, etc.

Chifukwa chake, nthawi iliyonse tikapenda nyimbo, tiyenera kukonzekera mayankho ku mfundo izi:

• mutu weniweni wa nyimbo (kuphatikiza apa: kodi pali pulogalamu yamutu kapena kufotokozera zolemba?);
• mayina a olemba nyimbo (pakhoza kukhala mmodzi wopeka, kapena pakhoza kukhala angapo ngati zikuchokera pamodzi);
• mayina a olemba malemba (mu zisudzo, anthu angapo nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pa libretto nthawi imodzi, nthawi zina wolemba yekha akhoza kukhala mlembi wa malemba);
• ndi mtundu wanji wa nyimbo zomwe ntchito yolembedwa (ndi opera kapena ballet, symphony, kapena chiyani?);
• malo a ntchitoyi pamlingo wa ntchito yonse ya wolemba (kodi wolembayo ali ndi ntchito zina zamtundu womwewo, ndipo ntchito yomwe ikufunsidwayo ikugwirizana bwanji ndi enawo - mwina ndi yanzeru kapena ndiye pachimake pakupanga?) ;
• kaya nyimboyi imachokera ku gwero lililonse losakhala lanyimbo (mwachitsanzo, linalembedwa motsatira ndondomeko ya buku, ndakatulo, kujambula, kapena kuuziridwa ndi zochitika za mbiri yakale, ndi zina zotero);
• ndi magawo angati omwe ali mu ntchitoyi komanso momwe gawo lililonse limapangidwira;
• kupanga nyimbo (zomwe zidalembedwa kapena mawu - oimba, gulu, solo clarinet, mawu ndi piyano, etc.);
• zithunzi zazikulu zanyimbo (kapena otchulidwa, ngwazi) ndi mitu yawo (nyimbo, ndithudi).

 Tsopano tiyeni tipite kuzinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kusanthula kwa nyimbo zamitundu ina. Kuti tisadzifalitse tokha kwambiri, tiyang'ana pazochitika ziwiri - opera ndi symphony.

Zotsatira za kusanthula kwa opera

Opera - ntchito zisudzo, choncho makamaka amamvera malamulo siteji zisudzo. Opera pafupifupi nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chiwembu, ndipo osachepera pang'ono zochita zochititsa chidwi (nthawi zina osati zochepa, koma zabwino kwambiri). Opera amaseweredwa ngati sewero momwe muli otchulidwa; ntchito yokhayo imagawidwa muzochita, zithunzi ndi zochitika.

Chifukwa chake, pali zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posanthula nyimbo ya opera:

1. kugwirizana pakati pa opera libretto ndi gwero zolembalemba (ngati alipo) - nthawi zina amasiyana, ndipo ndithu mwamphamvu, ndipo nthawi zina lemba la gwero lili m'gulu la opera osasintha lonse kapena zidutswa;
2. magawano mu zochita ndi zithunzi (chiwerengero cha onse awiri), kukhalapo kwa mbali monga mawu oyamba kapena epilogue;
3. Kapangidwe ka mchitidwe uliwonse - mawonekedwe amtundu wanthawi zonse (arias, duets, chorus, etc.), monga manambala akutsatirana, kapena zochitika ndi zochitika zimayimira zochitika zakumapeto, zomwe, kwenikweni, sizingagawidwe mu manambala osiyana. ;
4. otchulidwa ndi mawu awo oyimba - muyenera kungodziwa izi;
5. momwe zithunzi za anthu akuluakulu zimawululidwa - komwe, muzochita ndi zithunzi zomwe amatenga nawo mbali ndi zomwe amaimba, momwe amasonyezera nyimbo;
6. maziko ochititsa chidwi a opera - komwe ndi momwe chiwembucho chimayambira, ndi magawo ati a chitukuko, ndi zochita zotani komanso momwe kunyoza kumachitika;
7. manambala oimba a opera - kodi pali kusintha kapena mawu oyambira, komanso nthawi, intermezzos ndi zida zina za okhestra - zimagwira ntchito yanji (nthawi zambiri izi ndi zithunzi zanyimbo zomwe zimayambira - mwachitsanzo, malo oimba, a chithunzi cha tchuthi, ulendo wa msilikali kapena maliro ndi zina zotero);
8. Kodi choimbiracho chimagwira ntchito yotani mu opera (mwachitsanzo, kodi chimanena za zochitikazo kapena chimangowoneka ngati njira yowonetsera moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, kapena oimba nyimbo amatchula mizere yawo yofunika yomwe imakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za zochitikazo? , kapena kwaya nthawi zonse imatamanda chinachake, kapena nyimbo zakwaya zonse popanda zisudzo, ndi zina zotero;
9. kaya pali manambala ovina mu opera - muzochita zotani ndi chifukwa chiyani choyambitsa ballet mu opera;
10. Kodi pali ma leitmotif mu opera - ndi chiyani ndipo amadziwika bwanji (ngwazi ina, chinthu china, kumverera kapena chikhalidwe, zochitika zachilengedwe kapena china?).

 Uwu si mndandanda wathunthu wa zomwe ziyenera kupezedwa kuti kusanthula kwa ntchito yoimba pankhaniyi kukwaniritsidwe. Kodi mayankho a mafunso onsewa mumawapeza kuti? Choyamba, mu clavier wa opera, ndiye mu malemba ake nyimbo. Kachiwiri, mutha kuwerenga chidule cha opera libretto, ndipo, chachitatu, mutha kungophunzira zambiri m'mabuku - werengani mabuku ophunzirira nyimbo!

Makhalidwe a symphony analysis

Mwanjira zina, symphony ndi yosavuta kumva kuposa opera. Pano pali zinthu zochepa zoimbira (sewero limatenga maola 2-3, ndi symphony mphindi 20-50), ndipo palibe zilembo ndi leitmotifs awo ambiri, muyenera kuyesa kusiyanitsa wina ndi mzake. Koma kusanthula symphonic nyimbo akadali makhalidwe ake.

Nthawi zambiri, symphony imakhala ndi mayendedwe anayi. Pali njira ziwiri zotsatirira magawo amtundu wa symphonic: molingana ndi mtundu wakale komanso mtundu wachikondi. Amasiyana m'malo a pang'onopang'ono ndi gawo lotchedwa gawo la mtundu (mu classical symphonies pali minuet kapena scherzo, mu nyimbo zachikondi pali scherzo, nthawi zina waltz). Onani chithunzichi:

Mitundu yodziwika bwino yanyimbo pagawo lililonse lazigawozi ikuwonetsedwa m'mabulaketi pachithunzichi. Popeza kuti kusanthula kwathunthu kwa nyimbo muyenera kudziwa mawonekedwe ake, werengani nkhani yakuti "Basic forms of musical work", zomwe ziyenera kukuthandizani pankhaniyi.

Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa magawo kumatha kukhala kosiyana (mwachitsanzo, magawo asanu mu "Fantastastic" Symphony ya Berlioz, magawo atatu mu Ndakatulo Yaumulungu ya Scriabin, magawo awiri mu Symphony ya "Unfinished" ya Schubert, palinso ma symphony oyenda - mwachitsanzo, Symphony ya 5 ya Myaskovsky). Izi, ndithudi, zozungulira zomwe sizinali zokhazikika ndipo kusintha kwa chiwerengero cha zigawo zomwe zilimo zimayambitsidwa ndi zina mwazojambula za wolembayo (mwachitsanzo, zomwe zili pulogalamu).

Chofunika kwambiri pakuwunika symphony:

1. kudziwa mtundu wa symphonic kuzungulira (zakale, zachikondi, kapena zina zapadera);
2. kudziwa tonality waukulu wa symphony (kwa kayendedwe koyamba) ndi tonality aliyense gulu padera;
3. fotokozani zophiphiritsa ndi nyimbo za mutu uliwonse waukulu wa ntchitoyi;
4. kudziwa mawonekedwe a gawo lililonse;
5. mu mawonekedwe a sonata, dziwani kuchuluka kwa zigawo zazikulu ndi zachiwiri pakuwonetsetsa ndi kubwereza, ndikuyang'ana kusiyana kwa phokoso la zigawozi m'zigawo zomwezo (mwachitsanzo, gawo lalikulu likhoza kusintha maonekedwe ake mopitirira kudziwika ndi nthawi yobwereza, kapena sizingasinthe konse);
6. kupeza ndi kutha kuwonetsa kulumikizana kwapakatikati pakati pa magawo, ngati alipo (pali mitu yomwe imasuntha kuchokera ku gawo lina kupita ku lina, amasintha bwanji?);
7. santhulani kuyimba (komwe timbres ndi zomwe zikutsogolera - zingwe, matabwa kapena zida zamkuwa?);
8. kudziwa udindo wa gawo lililonse pakukula kwa kuzungulira konseko (ndi mbali iti yomwe ili yochititsa chidwi kwambiri, ndi gawo liti lomwe limaperekedwa ngati mawu kapena malingaliro, mbali zomwe zimakhala zododometsa pamitu ina, ndi mfundo yotani yomwe ikufotokozedwa mwachidule pamapeto? );
9. ngati ntchitoyo ili ndi mawu anyimbo, ndiye dziwani kuti ndi mawu otani; ndi zina.

 Inde, mndandandawu ukhoza kupitilizidwa mpaka kalekale. Muyenera kulankhula za ntchito ndi mfundo zosavuta, zofunika - ndi bwino kuposa kanthu. Ndipo ntchito yofunika kwambiri yomwe muyenera kudziikira nokha, mosasamala kanthu kuti mudzasanthula mwatsatanetsatane nyimbo kapena ayi, ndikuyidziwa mwachindunji nyimboyo.

Pomaliza, monga momwe talonjezedwa, timapereka ulalo kuzinthu zam'mbuyomu, pomwe tidalankhula za kusanthula magwiridwe antchito. Nkhaniyi ndi "Analysis of musical work by speciality"