Arcangelo Corelli (Arcangelo Corelli) |

Arcangelo Corelli

Ntchito ya woimba komanso woyimba zeze wodziwika bwino wa ku Italy A. Corelli idakhudza kwambiri nyimbo za ku Europe chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX - theka loyamba la zaka za zana la XNUMX, moyenerera amawerengedwa kuti ndiye woyambitsa sukulu ya violin yaku Italy. Olemba ambiri odziwika bwino munthawi yotsatira, kuphatikiza JS Bach ndi GF Handel, adakonda kwambiri nyimbo za Corelli. Iye sanadziwonetse yekha monga wopeka ndi woyimba zeze zodabwitsa, komanso monga mphunzitsi (Corelli sukulu ali mlalang'amba lonse la ambuye anzeru) ndi wochititsa (anali mtsogoleri wa magulu osiyanasiyana zida). Creativity Corelli ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana zatsegula tsamba latsopano m'mbiri ya nyimbo ndi nyimbo.

Zochepa zimadziwika za ubwana wa Corelli. Analandira maphunziro ake oyamba a nyimbo kuchokera kwa wansembe. Atasintha aphunzitsi angapo, Corelli pamapeto pake amapita ku Bologna. Mzindawu unali malo obadwira oimba ambiri a ku Italy, ndipo kukhala kumeneko kunali, mwachiwonekere, kunakhudza kwambiri tsogolo la woimba wachinyamatayo. Ku Bologna, Corelli amaphunzira motsogoleredwa ndi mphunzitsi wotchuka J. Benvenuti. Mfundo yakuti kale mu unyamata wake Corelli anapeza bwino kwambiri pa nkhani ya violin kuimba zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo yakuti mu 1670, ali ndi zaka 17, iye analoledwa ku wotchuka Bologna Academy. M'zaka za m'ma 1670 Corelli amasamukira ku Roma. Apa amasewera m'magulu osiyanasiyana a orchestra ndi chipinda, amatsogolera ma ensembles, ndipo amakhala mtsogoleri wa gulu la tchalitchi. Zimadziwika kuchokera m'makalata a Corelli kuti mu 1679 adalowa muutumiki wa Mfumukazi Christina waku Sweden. Monga woimba wa orchestra, nayenso amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga - kupanga ma sonatas chifukwa chachitetezo chake. Ntchito yoyamba ya Corelli (12 church trio sonatas) inawonekera mu 1681. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1680. Corelli adalowa muutumiki wa Kadinala wachiroma P. Ottoboni, komwe adakhalako mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake. Pambuyo pa 1708, adapuma pantchito yolankhula pagulu ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zonse pakupanga.

Nyimbo za Corelli ndizochepa kwambiri: mu 1685, kutsatira opus yoyamba, chipinda chake cha trio sonatas op. 2, mu 1689 - 12 tchalitchi cha trio sonatas op. 3, mu 1694 - chipinda cha trio sonatas op. 4, mu 1700 - chipinda cha trio sonatas op. 5. Pomaliza, mu 1714, pambuyo pa imfa ya Corelli, concerti yake grossi op. inasindikizidwa ku Amsterdam. 6. Zosonkhanitsa izi, komanso masewero angapo apaokha, amapanga cholowa cha Corelli. Nyimbo zake zimapangidwira zida zoweramira (violin, viola da gamba) zokhala ndi harpsichord kapena organ ngati zida zotsagana nazo.

Creativity Corelli imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri yayikulu: sonatas ndi concertos. Zinali mu ntchito ya Corelli kuti mtundu wa sonata unapangidwa mu mawonekedwe omwe ndi chikhalidwe cha nthawi ya preclassical. Ma sonata a Corelli agawidwa m'magulu awiri: tchalitchi ndi chipinda. Amasiyana onse mu kapangidwe ka oimba (chiwalocho chimatsagana ndi tchalitchi cha sonata, harpsichord mu chipinda cha sonata), komanso zomwe zili (tchalitchi cha sonata chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kulimba kwake komanso kuzama kwake, chipinda chimodzi chili pafupi ndi dance suite). Zomwe zidapangidwa zomwe ma sonata adapangidwira zidaphatikizanso mawu a 2 (maviolini awiri) ndi kutsagana (organ, harpsichord, viola da gamba). Ndicho chifukwa chake amatchedwa trio sonatas.

Ma concerto a Corelli adakhalanso chodabwitsa kwambiri mumtundu uwu. Mtundu wa concerto grosso unalipo kale Corelli asana. Iye anali mmodzi mwa otsogolera nyimbo za symphonic. Lingaliro la mtunduwo linali mtundu wa mpikisano pakati pa gulu la zida zoimbira payekha (mu Corelli's concertos gawo ili likuseweredwa ndi 2 violin ndi cello) ndi orchestra: concerto idamangidwa ngati kusinthana kwa solo ndi tutti. Ma concerto 12 a Corelli, omwe adalembedwa m'zaka zomaliza za moyo wa wolembayo, adakhala masamba owala kwambiri panyimbo zoimbira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Akadali ntchito yotchuka kwambiri ya Corelli.

A. Pilgun

Violin ndi chida choimbira cha dziko. Adabadwa cha m'ma XNUMX ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali adakhalapo pakati pa anthu okha. "Kufalikira kwa violin m'miyoyo ya anthu akuwonetseredwa bwino ndi zithunzi zambiri zazaka za m'ma XNUMX. Ziwembu zawo ndi izi: violin ndi cello m'manja mwa oimba oyendayenda, oimba violin akumidzi, anthu oseketsa pamabwalo ndi mabwalo, pa zikondwerero ndi magule, m'malo odyetserako ziweto ndi m'malo ogona. Vayoliniyo mpaka inadzutsa maganizo oinyoza: “Mumakumana ndi anthu ochepa amene amaigwiritsa ntchito, kusiyapo okhawo amene amatsatira ntchito yawo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvina paukwati, zoseketsa, "analemba Philibert Iron Leg, woimba komanso wasayansi waku France m'zaka zoyambirira za zana la XNUMX.

Kunyansidwa kwa violin ngati chida chodziwika bwino chodziwika bwino kumawonekera m'mawu ndi miyambi yambiri. M’Chifalansa, liwu lakuti violon (violin) limagwiritsiridwabe ntchito monga temberero, dzina la munthu wopanda pake, wopusa; m’Chichewa, woyimba zeze amatchedwa fiddle, ndipo woyimba zeze amatchedwa fiddler; panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mawu ameneŵa ali ndi tanthauzo lotukwana: mneni “fiddlefaddle” amatanthauza – kulankhula pachabe, kucheza; fiddlingmann amamasulira kuti wakuba.

Muzojambula zamtundu, panali amisiri akuluakulu pakati pa oimba oyendayenda, koma mbiri sinasungire mayina awo. Woyimba violini woyamba yemwe ife timamudziwa anali Battista Giacomelli. Adakhala m'zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndipo anali ndi mbiri yodabwitsa. Anthu a m’nthawi yake ankangomutchula kuti violino.

Sukulu zazikulu za violin zidayamba m'zaka za zana la XNUMX ku Italy. Iwo anapangidwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo ankagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo awiri oimba a dziko lino - Venice ndi Bologna.

Venice, dziko lazamalonda, lakhala ndi moyo waphokoso kwa nthawi yayitali. Panali malo owonetserako zisudzo. Ma carnival okongola anakonzedwa pamabwalo ndi anthu wamba, oimba oyendayenda adawonetsa luso lawo ndipo nthawi zambiri ankaitanidwa ku nyumba za abambo. Violin idayamba kuwonedwa ndipo idakonda kuposa zida zina. Zinamveka bwino kwambiri m'zipinda zamasewera, komanso patchuthi cha dziko; inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi viola yokoma koma yopanda phokoso chifukwa cha kulemera, kukongola ndi kudzaza kwa timbre, inkamveka bwino payekha komanso m'gulu la oimba.

Sukulu ya Venetian idapangidwa mzaka khumi zachiwiri zazaka za 1629th. Mu ntchito ya mutu wake, Biagio Marini, maziko a mtundu wa solo violin sonata adayikidwa. Oimira sukulu ya Venetian anali pafupi ndi luso la anthu, mofunitsitsa anagwiritsa ntchito muzolemba zawo luso la kusewera violinists. Chifukwa chake, Biagio Marini adalemba (XNUMX) "Ritornello quinto" pama violin awiri ndi quitaron (mwachitsanzo, bass lute), kukumbukira nyimbo zamtundu wamba, ndipo Carlo Farina ku "Capriccio Stravagante" adagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a onomatopoeic, kuwabwereka kumayendedwe oyendayenda. oyimba . Ku Capriccio, violin imatsanzira kulira kwa agalu, kulira kwa amphaka, kulira kwa tambala, kulira kwa nkhuku, kulira kwa asilikali oguba, ndi zina zotero.

Bologna anali likulu lauzimu la Italy, likulu la sayansi ndi luso, mzinda wa masukulu. Ku Bologna m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, kukopa kwa malingaliro aumunthu kunkamvekabe, miyambo yakumapeto kwa Renaissance idakhalapo, chifukwa chake sukulu ya violin yomwe idapangidwa pano inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi ya Venetian. Anthu a ku Bolognese ankafuna kupereka mawu omveka ku nyimbo zoimbira, chifukwa mawu a munthu amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri. Vayoliniyo inkafunika kuyimba, inkayerekezedwa ndi soprano, ndipo ngakhale zolembera zake zinali ndi malo atatu okha, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa mawu apamwamba achikazi.

Sukulu ya violin ya Bologna inaphatikizapo oimba oimba ambiri otchuka - D. Torelli, J.-B. Bassani, J.-B. Vitali. Ntchito yawo ndi luso lawo zidakonza kalembedwe kameneka, kolemekezeka, kochititsa chidwi kwambiri, komwe kunapeza mawu ake apamwamba mu ntchito ya Arcangelo Corelli.

Corelli… Ndi ndani mwa oyimba zeze yemwe sakudziwa dzina ili! Ana aang'ono a sukulu za nyimbo ndi makoleji amaphunzira za sonatas, ndipo Concerti grossi yake imachitika m'maholo a philharmonic ndi ambuye otchuka. Mu 1953, dziko lonse lapansi linakondwerera chaka cha 300 cha kubadwa kwa Corelli, kugwirizanitsa ntchito yake ndi kupambana kwakukulu kwa zojambulajambula za ku Italy. Ndipo ndithudi, mukamaganizira za iye, mumayerekezera mosasamala nyimbo zoyera ndi zolemekezeka zomwe adalenga ndi luso la osema, amisiri ndi ojambula a Renaissance. Ndi kuphweka kwanzeru kwa ma sonata a tchalitchi, akufanana ndi zojambula za Leonardo da Vinci, ndipo ndi mawu owala, ochokera pansi pamtima ndi kugwirizana kwa chamber sonatas, akufanana ndi Raphael.

Pa moyo wake, Corelli anali wotchuka padziko lonse. Kuperin, Handel, J.-S. anagwada pamaso pake. Bach; mibadwo ya oimba violini anaphunzira pa sonatas ake. Kwa Handel, ma sonatas ake adakhala chitsanzo cha ntchito yake; Bach adabwereka kwa iye mitu yamafugues ndipo anali ndi ngongole zambiri kwa iye pakuyimba kwa violin ya ntchito zake.

Corelli adabadwa pa February 17, 1653 m'tawuni yaying'ono ya Romagna Fusignano, yomwe ili pakati pa Ravenna ndi Bologna. Makolo ake anali a anthu ophunzira ndi olemera okhala m’tauniyo. Pakati pa makolo a Corelli panali ansembe ambiri, madokotala, asayansi, maloya, ndakatulo, koma palibe woyimba mmodzi!

Bambo a Corelli anamwalira mwezi umodzi Arcangelo asanabadwe; pamodzi ndi azichimwene ake anayi, analeredwa ndi amayi ake. Mwanayo atakula, amayi ake anapita naye ku Faenza kuti wansembe wa kumaloko akamuphunzitse nyimbo zoyamba. Maphunziro adapitilira ku Lugo, kenako ku Bologna, komwe Corelli adamaliza mu 1666.

Zambiri zokhudza nthawi ino ya moyo wake ndizochepa kwambiri. Zimadziwika kuti ku Bologna adaphunzira ndi woyimba zeze Giovanni Benvenuti.

Zaka za maphunziro a Corelli zidagwirizana ndi tsiku lapamwamba la sukulu ya violin ya Bolognese. Woyambitsa wake, Ercole Gaibara, anali mphunzitsi wa Giovanni Benvenuti ndi Leonardo Brugnoli, omwe luso lawo lapamwamba silinathe koma kukhala ndi chikoka champhamvu pa woimba wachinyamatayo. Arcangelo Corelli anali m'nthawi ya oimira anzeru za luso la violin Bolognese Giuseppe Torelli, Giovanni Battista Bassani (1657-1716) ndi Giovanni Battista Vitali (1644-1692) ndi ena.

Bologna anali wotchuka osati kwa oimba violin. Nthawi yomweyo, Domenico Gabrielli adayika maziko a nyimbo za cello solo. Mumzindawu munali masukulu anayi ophunzirira - magulu oimba omwe amakopa akatswiri komanso amateurs ku misonkhano yawo. Mmodzi mwa iwo - Philharmonic Academy, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1650, Corelli adaloledwa ali ndi zaka 17 kukhala membala wathunthu.

Komwe Corelli ankakhala kuyambira 1670 mpaka 1675 sizikudziwika. Mbiri yakale yake imatsutsana. J.-J. Rousseau akunena kuti mu 1673 Corelli adapita ku Paris ndipo kumeneko adakangana kwambiri ndi Lully. Wolemba mbiri ya Pencherle amatsutsa Rousseau, akunena kuti Corelli sanapite ku Paris. Padre Martini, m'modzi mwa oimba otchuka kwambiri m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, akuwonetsa kuti Corelli adakhala zaka izi ku Fusignano, "koma adaganiza, kuti akwaniritse chikhumbo chake chachangu, ndikulolera kukakamira kwa abwenzi ambiri okondedwa, kupita ku Roma, komwe adaphunzira motsogozedwa ndi Pietro Simonelli wotchuka, atalandira malamulo otsutsa mosavuta, chifukwa adakhala woyimba wabwino kwambiri komanso wokwanira.

Corelli anasamukira ku Roma mu 1675. Kumeneko zinthu zinali zovuta kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX-XNUMX, Italy idakumana ndi nkhondo zowopsa zapakati pa anthu ndipo idataya tanthauzo lake lakale pandale. Kuwonjezeka kwa olowererapo kuchokera ku Austria, France, ndi Spain kunawonjezedwa ku nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Kugawikana kwa mayiko, nkhondo zopitirizabe zinachititsa kuti malonda achepe, kusokonekera kwachuma, ndiponso umphawi wa dzikolo. M'madera ambiri, malamulo a feudal anabwezeretsedwa, anthu adabuula chifukwa cha zopempha zosapiririka.

Zimene atsogoleri achipembedzo anachita zinawonjezedwa pa zimene anthuwo anachita. Chikatolika chinafuna kupezanso mphamvu yake yakale yachisonkhezero m’maganizo. Mwamphamvu kwambiri, mikangano ya anthu inadziwonekera ndendende mu Rome, likulu la Chikatolika. Komabe, mu likulu munali zodabwitsa zisudzo ndi zisudzo, mabuku ndi mabwalo nyimbo ndi salons. N’zoona kuti akuluakulu a boma ankawapondereza. Mu 1697, motsogozedwa ndi Papa Innocent XII, nyumba yayikulu kwambiri ya zisudzo ku Rome, Tor di Nona, idatsekedwa ngati "yachisembwere".

Khama la tchalitchi pofuna kuteteza chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha dziko silinabweretse zotsatira zomwe zinkafunidwa - moyo wa nyimbo unangoyamba kukhazikika m'nyumba za omvera. Ndipo pakati pa atsogoleri achipembedzo munthu akanatha kukumana ndi anthu ophunzira amene anasiyanitsidwa ndi kawonedwe ka dziko ka umunthu ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri sanali kukhala ndi zikhoterero zoletsa za tchalitchi. Awiri aiwo - Makadinala Panfili ndi Ottoboni - adachita gawo lalikulu m'moyo wa Corelli.

Ku Roma, Corelli mwamsanga adapeza udindo wapamwamba komanso wamphamvu. Poyamba, adagwira ntchito ngati woyimba violini wachiwiri m'gulu la oimba la Tor di Nona, ndiye wachitatu mwa oimba nyimbo zinayi mu gulu la French Church of St. Komabe, sanakhalepo nthawi yayitali paudindo wachiwiri wa violin. Pa Januware 6, 1679, ku Capranica Theatre, adachita ntchito ya mnzake wopeka Bernardo Pasquini "Dove e amore e pieta". Panthawiyi, akuyesedwa kale ngati woyimba zeze wodabwitsa, wosayerekezeka. Mawu a atate F. Raguenay angakhale umboni wa zimene zanenedwa kuti: “Ndinaona ku Roma,” abbot analemba motero, “m’nyimbo imodzimodziyo, Corelli, Pasquini ndi Gaetano, amene, ndithudi, ali ndi violin yabwino koposa. , harpsichord ndi theorbo padziko lapansi.

N'kutheka kuti kuyambira 1679 mpaka 1681 Corelli anali ku Germany. Lingaliro limeneli likufotokozedwa ndi M. Pencherl, potengera mfundo yakuti m’zaka zimenezi Corelli sanatchulidwe monga wantchito wa gulu la oimba a tchalitchi cha St. Magwero osiyanasiyana amanena kuti iye anali mu Munich, ntchito Duke wa Bavaria, anapita Heidelberg ndi Hanover. Komabe, Pencherl akuwonjezera, palibe umboni uliwonse womwe watsimikiziridwa.

Mulimonsemo, kuyambira 1681, Corelli wakhala ku Rome, nthawi zambiri amachita mu imodzi mwa salons wanzeru kwambiri ku likulu la Italy - salon ya Swedish Mfumukazi Christina. “Mzinda Wamuyaya,” akulemba motero Pencherl, “panthaŵiyo unali wodzala ndi zosangulutsa zakuthupi. Nyumba zaufumu zinkapikisana wina ndi mzake pankhani ya zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana, sewero lanthabwala ndi zisudzo, zisudzo za virtuosos. Pakati pa othandizira monga Prince Ruspoli, Constable of Columns, Rospigliosi, Cardinal Savelli, Duchess wa Bracciano, Christina waku Sweden adawonekera, yemwe, ngakhale adachotsedwa, adasungabe chikoka chake chonse. Anasiyanitsidwa ndi chiyambi, kudziimira payekha, moyo wamaganizo ndi luntha; Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Northern Pallas".

Christina anakhazikika ku Roma mu 1659 ndipo anazungulira yekha ndi ojambula zithunzi, olemba, asayansi, ojambula zithunzi. Pokhala ndi chuma chambiri, adakonza zikondwerero zazikulu mu Palazzo Riario yake. Nkhani zambiri za Corelli zimatchula za tchuthi chimene iye anapereka polemekeza kazembe wa ku England amene anafika ku Rome mu 1687 kudzakambirana ndi papa m’malo mwa Mfumu James Wachiwiri, yemwe ankafuna kubwezeretsa Chikatolika ku England. Chikondwererocho chinapezeka ndi oimba 100 ndi oimba a zida 150, motsogoleredwa ndi Corelli. Corelli anapereka buku lake loyamba losindikizidwa, Twelve Church Trio Sonatas, lofalitsidwa mu 1681, kwa Christina waku Sweden.

Corelli sanasiye oimba a tchalitchi cha St. Louis ndipo ankalamulira patchuthi chonse cha tchalitchi mpaka 1708. Kusintha kwa tsoka lake kunali July 9, 1687, pamene anaitanidwa kukatumikira Kadinala Panfili, yemwe anachokera mu 1690. adasamukira ku ntchito ya Kadinala Ottoboni. Mdzukulu wa ku Venetian wa Papa Alexander VIII, Ottoboni anali munthu wophunzira kwambiri m'nthawi yake, wodziwa nyimbo ndi ndakatulo, komanso wopereka mphatso zachifundo. Adalemba opera "II Colombo obero l'India scoperta" (1691), ndipo Alessandro Scarlatti adapanga opera "Statira" pa libretto yake.

Blainville analemba kuti: “Kunena zoona, zovala zaubusa sizimuyenerera Kadinala Ottoboni, yemwe amaoneka bwino kwambiri komanso wachabechabe, ndipo mwachionekere, ndi wokonzeka kusinthana ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo kuti akhale wachipembedzo. Ottoboni amakonda ndakatulo, nyimbo komanso gulu la anthu ophunzira. Masiku aliwonse a 14 amakonza misonkhano (masukulu) komwe ma prelates ndi akatswiri amakumana, komanso komwe Quintus Sectanus, wotchedwa Monsignor Segardi, amatenga gawo lalikulu. Chiyero Chake chimasunganso ndalama zake oimba abwino kwambiri ndi akatswiri ena ojambula, omwe mwa iwo ndi Arcangelo Corelli wotchuka.

Kadinala wa tchalitchi anali ndi oimba oposa 30; motsogozedwa ndi Corelli, idakula kukhala gulu loyamba. Pofuna komanso tcheru, Arcangelo adakwaniritsa kulondola kwapadera kwa masewerawa ndi mgwirizano wa zikwapu, zomwe zinali zachilendo kale. “Ankaimitsa gulu loimba atangoona kupatuka pa uta umodzi,” anakumbukira motero wophunzira wake Geminiani. Anthu a m'nthawi ya Ottoboni ankalankhula za orchestra ya Ottoboni ngati "chozizwitsa chanyimbo".

Pa Epulo 26, 1706, Corelli adaloledwa ku Academy of Arcadia, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku Rome mu 1690 - kuteteza ndi kulemekeza ndakatulo zodziwika bwino komanso kuyankhula bwino. Arcadia, yomwe inagwirizanitsa akalonga ndi ojambula mu ubale wauzimu, inawerengedwa pakati pa mamembala ake Alessandro Scarlatti, Arcangelo Corelli, Bernardo Pasquini, Benedetto Marcello.

"Okhestra yayikulu idasewera ku Arcadia motsogozedwa ndi Corelli, Pasquini kapena Scarlatti. Idakonda kukulitsa ndakatulo ndi nyimbo, zomwe zidayambitsa mpikisano waluso pakati pa ndakatulo ndi oimba.

Kuyambira 1710, Corelli anasiya kuchita ndipo ankangogwira ntchito yopanga "Concerti Grossi". Kumapeto kwa 1712, adachoka ku Ottoboni Palace ndikusamukira ku nyumba yake yachinsinsi, komwe adasunga zinthu zake, zida zoimbira komanso zojambula zambiri (zojambula 136 ndi zojambula), zomwe zinali ndi zojambula za Trevisani, Maratti, Brueghel, Poussin. malo, Madonna Sassoferrato. Corelli anali wophunzira kwambiri ndipo anali katswiri wodziwa kujambula.

Pa Januware 5, 1713, adalemba chifuniro, ndikusiya chojambula cha Brueghel kupita kwa Kadinala Colonne, chimodzi mwazojambula zomwe adasankha kwa Kadinala Ottoboni, ndi zida zonse ndi zolemba zake zomwe adalemba kwa wophunzira wake wokondedwa Matteo Farnari. Sanaiwale kupereka penshoni yochepa ya moyo wake kwa atumiki ake Pippo (Philippa Graziani) ndi mlongo wake Olympia. Corelli anamwalira usiku wa pa January 8, 1713. “Imfa yake inamvetsa chisoni Roma ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Pakukakamira kwa Ottoboni, Corelli adayikidwa m'manda ku Pantheon ya Santa Maria della Rotunda ngati m'modzi mwa oimba akulu kwambiri ku Italy.

Wolemba nyimbo wa ku Soviet K. Rosenshield analemba kuti: “Corelli wopeka nyimbo ndi Corelli the virtuoso ndi osagwirizana. "Zonsezi zidatsimikizira kalembedwe kapamwamba kwambiri muzojambula za violin, kuphatikiza mphamvu zakuya zanyimbo ndi kukwanira bwino kwa mawonekedwe, malingaliro a ku Italy ndi kulamulira kotheratu kwa chiyambi choyenera, chomveka."

M'mabuku aku Soviet okhudza Corelli, kugwirizana kwakukulu kwa ntchito yake ndi nyimbo zamtundu ndi kuvina kumadziwika. Mu gigues of chamber sonatas, kumveka kwa mavinidwe amtundu wa anthu kumamveka, ndipo nyimbo zake zodziwika bwino za violin, Folia, zimakhala ndi mutu wa nyimbo yachi Spanish-Portugal yomwe imafotokoza za chikondi chosasangalatsa.

Gawo lina la zithunzi zanyimbo zowoneka bwino ndi Corelli mumtundu wa sonatas watchalitchi. Ntchito zake izi zadzaza ndi ma pathos akulu, ndipo mitundu yowonda ya fugue allegro imayembekezera ma fugues a J.-S. Bach. Monga Bach, Corelli amafotokoza mu sonatas za zokumana nazo zamunthu. Kaonedwe kake ka umunthu ka umunthu sikanamulole kuyika ntchito yake pansi pa zolinga zachipembedzo.

Corelli adasiyanitsidwa ndi zofuna zapadera pa nyimbo zomwe adalemba. Ngakhale adayamba kuphunzira zolemba zakale m'zaka za m'ma 70s m'zaka za zana la 6 ndipo adagwira ntchito molimbika moyo wake wonse, komabe, mwa zonse zomwe adalemba, adasindikiza mikombe 1 yokha (opus 6-12), yomwe idapanga zomanga zake zogwirizana. cholowa chopanga: 1681 tchalitchi cha trio sonatas (12); 1685 chamber trio sonatas (12); 1689 tchalitchi cha sonatas (12); 1694 chamber trio sonatas (6); mndandanda wa sonatas wa violin solo ndi bass - 6 mpingo ndi 1700 chipinda (12) ndi 6 Grand Concertos (concerto grosso) - 6 mpingo ndi 1712 chipinda (XNUMX).

Malingaliro aluso akafuna, Corelli sanasiye kuswa malamulo ovomerezeka. Gulu lachiwiri la sonatas atatu adayambitsa mikangano pakati pa oimba a Bolognese. Ambiri a iwo adatsutsa "zoletsedwa" zofanana ndi zisanu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumeneko. Poyankha kalata yosokonezeka maganizo imene analembera iye, kaya anachita dala, Corelli anayankha mokwiya ndipo anadzudzula adani akewo kuti sadziwa malamulo oyambirira a kugwirizana: “Sindikuona kuti kudziŵa kwawo nyimbo ndi kusinthasintha kwa mawu kuli kwakukulu bwanji, chifukwa ngati iwo adasunthidwa muzojambula ndikumvetsetsa zobisika zake ndi kuya kwake, amadziwa chomwe chimagwirizana ndi momwe chingapangire matsenga, kukweza mzimu wa munthu, ndipo sangakhale ochepa kwambiri - khalidwe lomwe nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi umbuli.

Kalembedwe ka ma sonata a Corelli tsopano akuwoneka ngati oletsa komanso okhwima. Komabe, pa moyo wa woimbayo, ntchito zake ankaziona mosiyana. Sonata waku Italy "Zodabwitsa! malingaliro, malingaliro ndi moyo, - Raguenay analemba mu ntchito yomwe yatchulidwayi, - oimba violin omwe amawaimba amakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu zawo zowonongeka; amazunza violin awo. ngati wogwidwa.”

Tikayang'ana pa mbiri yambiri, Corelli anali ndi khalidwe labwino, lomwe linadziwonetseranso mu masewerawo. Komabe, Hawkins m’buku lakuti The History of Music analemba kuti: “Mwamuna wina amene anamuona akuseŵera ananena kuti m’kati mwa maseŵerowo maso ake anadzazidwa ndi magazi, anasanduka ofiira ngati moto, ndipo ana ake anazungulira ngati akuvutika.” Nkovuta kukhulupirira malongosoledwe “okongola” oterowo, koma mwinamwake muli njere ya choonadi mmenemo.

Hawkins akusimba kuti atakhala ku Roma, Corelli sanathe kusewera ndime mu Concerto grosso ya Handel. "Handel anayesera kufotokozera Corelli, mtsogoleri wa gulu la oimba, momwe angaimbire, ndipo potsirizira pake, kuleza mtima, analanda violin m'manja mwake ndikuyimba yekha. Kenako Corelli adamuyankha mwaulemu kwambiri: "Koma, wokondedwa Saxon, iyi ndi nyimbo yachifalansa, yomwe sindimadziwa." M'malo mwake, "Trionfo del tempo" idaseweredwa, yolembedwa ngati Corelli's concerto grosso, yokhala ndi ma violin awiri okha. Zowonadi Handelian mu mphamvu, zinali zachilendo kumayendedwe abata, achisomo a Corelli "ndipo sanathe" kuwukira "ndi mphamvu zokwanira ndime zophokoserazi."

Pencherl akufotokozanso nkhani ina yofanana ndi Corelli, yomwe ingathe kumveka pokumbukira zina za sukulu ya violin ya Bolognese. Monga tafotokozera, a Bolognese, kuphatikizapo Corelli, adachepetsa kuchuluka kwa violin ku malo atatu ndipo adachita mwadala chifukwa chofuna kubweretsa chidacho pafupi ndi phokoso la mawu aumunthu. Chifukwa cha izi, Corelli, woimba wamkulu wa nthawi yake, anali ndi violin mu maudindo atatu okha. Nthawi ina anaitanidwa ku Naples, ku bwalo la mfumu. Pamsonkhanowu, adapatsidwa mwayi woimba nyimbo ya violin mu opera ya Alessandro Scarlatti, yomwe inali ndi ndime yokhala ndi maudindo apamwamba, ndipo Corelli sanathe kusewera. Mu chisokonezo, anayamba aria wotsatira m'malo mwa C wamng'ono mu C wamkulu. "Tiyeni tichitenso," adatero Scarlatti. Corelli adayambanso mu nyimbo yayikulu, ndipo woimbayo adamusokonezanso. "Corelli wosauka anali ndi manyazi kwambiri moti ankakonda kubwerera mwakachetechete ku Roma."

Corelli anali wodzichepetsa kwambiri m'moyo wake. Chuma chokha cha nyumba yake chinali chojambula ndi zida, koma zidazo zinali ndi mpando ndi mipando, magome anayi, omwe anali alabasitala mumayendedwe akum'mawa, bedi losavuta lopanda denga, guwa lokhala ndi mtanda ndi awiri. mabokosi a makabati. Handel akunena kuti Corelli nthawi zambiri amavala zakuda, amavala malaya akuda, nthawi zonse amayenda ndikuchita zionetsero ngati atapatsidwa ngolo.

Moyo wa Corelli, nthawi zambiri, udayenda bwino. Anazindikiridwa, kusangalala ndi ulemu ndi ulemu. Ngakhale pokhala muutumiki wa makasitomala, sanamwe chikho chowawa, chomwe, mwachitsanzo, chinapita ku Mozart. Onse a Panfili ndi Ottoboni adakhala anthu omwe adayamika kwambiri wojambula wodabwitsayo. Ottoboni anali bwenzi lapamtima la Corelli ndi banja lake lonse. Pencherle akugwira mawu makalata a kadinala kwa nduna ya Ferrara, momwe adapempha thandizo kwa abale a Arcangelo, omwe ali m'banja lomwe amawakonda mwachikondi komanso mwachifundo chapadera. Atazunguliridwa ndi chifundo ndi kusilira, wotetezedwa ndi ndalama, Corelli adatha kudzipereka mokhazikika pakupanga kwanthawi yayitali ya moyo wake.

Zochepa kwambiri zomwe tinganene za uphunzitsi wa Corelli, komabe mwachiwonekere anali mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri. Otsutsa omvera odabwitsa adaphunzira pansi pake, omwe m'zaka zoyambirira za 1697 adapanga ulemerero wa luso la violin ku Italy - Pietro Locatelli, Francisco Geminiani, Giovanni Battista Somis. Cha m'ma XNUMX, m'modzi mwa ophunzira ake otchuka, English Lord Edinhomb, adapereka chithunzi cha Corelli kuchokera kwa wojambula Hugo Howard. Ichi ndi chithunzi chokha chomwe chilipo cha woyimba zeze wamkulu. Mawonekedwe akuluakulu a nkhope yake ndi olemekezeka komanso odekha, olimba mtima komanso onyada. Kotero iye anali mu moyo, wosavuta ndi wonyada, wolimba mtima komanso waumunthu.

L. Raaben