Mbiri ya Banjo

Banjo - chida choimbira cha zingwe chokhala ndi thupi ngati ng'oma kapena maseche ndi khosi lomwe zingwe 4-9 zimatambasulidwa. Kunja, imakhala yofanana ndi mandolin, koma mosiyana kwambiri ndi mawu: banjo imakhala ndi mawu olemera komanso akuthwa. Sizovuta kuzidziwa, makamaka ngati muli ndi luso loyambira kusewera gitala.

Pali lingaliro lolakwika kuti banjo idaphunziridwa koyamba mu 1784 kuchokera kwa Thomas Jefferson, munthu wotchuka wa ku America wanthawizo. Inde, anatchulapo za chida china choimbira, chomwe chinali ndi mphonda zouma, mitsempha ya mutton ngati zingwe ndi bolodi la fret. Ndipotu, kufotokozera koyamba kwa chidacho kunaperekedwa mu 1687 ndi Hans Sloan, dokotala wa ku England wa naturist yemwe, podutsa ku Jamaica, adawona mu akapolo a ku Africa. Anthu a ku Africa-Amerika adapanga nyimbo zawo zotentha mpaka kugwedezeka kwa zingwe, ndipo phokoso la banjo limagwirizana bwino ndi nyimbo zakuda za oimba akuda.

Banjo adalowa mu chikhalidwe cha ku America m'zaka za m'ma 1840 mothandizidwa ndi chiwonetsero cha minstrel. Chiwonetsero cha minstrel chinali masewero a zisudzo ndi anthu 6-12. Masewero otere okhala ndi magule ndi zithunzi zoseketsa kumayendedwe ogwirizana a banjo ndi violin sakanasiya anthu aku America kukhala opanda chidwi. Owonerera adabwera kudzawona osati zojambula zokhazokha, komanso kumvetsera phokoso la sonorous la "mfumu ya zingwe". Posakhalitsa Achiafirika Achimereka anasiya kuchita chidwi ndi banjo, m’malo mwake ndi gitala. Izi zinali chifukwa chakuti muzojambula zoseketsa adawonetsedwa ngati ma loafers ndi ragamuffins, ndi akazi akuda ngati mahule onyansa, omwe, ndithudi, sakanatha kukondweretsa anthu akuda aku America. Mwamsanga, mawonetsero a minstrel adakhala azungu ambiri. Wosewera wotchuka wa banjo woyera Joel Walker Sweeney adasintha kwambiri mapangidwe a chidacho - adasintha thupi la dzungu ndi thupi la ng'oma, kusiya zingwe 5 zokha, kuchepetsa khosi ndi frets.

M'zaka za m'ma 1890, nthawi ya masitaelo atsopano inayamba - ragtime, jazz ndi blues. Ng'oma zokha sizinkapereka mlingo wofunikira wa rhythmic pulsation. zomwe tenor banjo ya zingwe zinayi zidathandizira kuchita bwino. Kubwera kwa zida zoimbira zamagetsi zokhala ndi mawu omveka bwino, chidwi cha banjo chinayamba kuchepa. Chidacho chazimiririka ku jazi, atasamukira ku kalembedwe ka nyimbo za dziko latsopano.