Arthur Nikisch |
Arthur Nikisch
Mu 1866-1873 adaphunzira ku Conservatory ku Vienna, makalasi a J. Hellmesberger Sr. (violin) ndi FO Dessof (zolemba). Mu 1874-77 woyimba violin wa Vienna court orchestra; anachita nawo zisudzo ndi makonsati motsogoleredwa ndi I. Brahms, F. Liszt, J. Verdi, R. Wagner. Kuyambira 1878 anali wochititsa wachiwiri ndi woimba kwaya, mu 1882-89 iye anali wotsogolera wamkulu wa nyumba ya zisudzo mu Leipzig.
Anatsogolera oimba akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi - Boston Symphony (1889-1893), Leipzig Gewandhaus (1895-1922; adasandulika kukhala imodzi mwa oimba abwino kwambiri) ndipo nthawi yomweyo Berlin Philharmonic, yomwe adayendera nayo kwambiri. , kuphatikizapo mobwerezabwereza ku St. Petersburg ndi Moscow (kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1899). Iye anali wotsogolera ndi wotsogolera wamkulu wa nyumba ya zisudzo ku Budapest (1893-95). Anatsogolera Hamburg Philharmonic Orchestra (1897). Mu 1902-07 anali mkulu wa dipatimenti yophunzitsa komanso kalasi yotsogolera ya Leipzig Conservatory. Ena mwa ophunzira ake ndi KS Saradzhev ndi AB Hessin, omwe pambuyo pake adakhala otsogolera odziwika bwino ku Soviet. Mu 1905-06 anali mtsogoleri wa nyumba ya zisudzo ku Leipzig. Anayenda ndi oimba ambiri, kuphatikizapo London Symphony (1912) ku Western Europe, kumpoto. ndi yuz. Amereka.
Nikish ndi m'modzi mwa okonda kwambiri chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, wojambula wozama komanso wowuziridwa, woyimira wodziwika bwino wamayendedwe achikondi muzamasewera. Wodziletsa kunja, ndi mayendedwe odekha a pulasitiki, Nikish anali ndi malingaliro abwino, luso lodabwitsa lokopa oimba ndi omvera. Anapeza zomveka zomveka bwino - kuchokera pa pianissimo yabwino kwambiri mpaka ku mphamvu yaikulu ya fortissimo. Ntchito yake inali yodziwika ndi ufulu waukulu ( tempo rubato ) ndipo nthawi yomweyo kukhwima, kulemekezeka kwa kalembedwe, kutsirizitsa mosamala tsatanetsatane. Anali m'modzi mwa akatswiri oyamba kuchita nawo pokumbukira. Anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakulimbikitsa ntchito ya PI Tchaikovsky (makamaka pafupi naye) osati ku Western Europe ndi USA, komanso ku Russia.
Zina mwa ntchito zomwe Nikish anachita ndi ntchito za A. Bruckner, G. Mahler, M. Reger, R. Strauss; adachita ntchito za R. Schumann, F. Liszt, R. Wagner, I. Brahms, ndi L. Beethoven, omwe nyimbo zawo adamasulira mwachikondi (zojambula za symphony ya 5 zasungidwa).
Wolemba nyimbo za cantata, orchestral, quartet ya zingwe, sonata ya violin ndi piyano.
Mwana wa Nikish Mitya Nikish (1899-1936) - woimba piyano, adayendera mizinda ya South America (1921) ndi New York (1923).
G. Ayi. Yudin
