Christoph Eschenbach |

Christopher Eschenbach

Artistic Director ndi Principal Conductor wa Washington National Symphony Orchestra ndi Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Christoph Eschenbach ndi wothandizana nawo mpaka kalekale ndi oimba odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Wophunzira wa George Sell ndi Herbert von Karajan, Eschenbach anatsogolera magulu monga Orchester de Paris (2000-2010), Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra (2003-2008), North German Radio Symphony Orchestra (1994-2004), Houston Symphony Orchestra (1988) -1999), Tonhalle Orchestra; anali wotsogolera waluso wa zikondwerero zanyimbo ku Ravinia ndi Schleswig-Holstein.

Nyengo ya 2016/17 ndi nyengo yachisanu ndi chiwiri komanso yomaliza ya maestro ku NSO ndi Kennedy Center. Panthawiyi, gulu la oimba pansi pa utsogoleri wake linapanga maulendo atatu akuluakulu, omwe anali opambana kwambiri: mu 2012 - ku South ndi North America; mu 2013 - ku Ulaya ndi Oman; mu 2016 - kachiwiri ku Ulaya. Kuphatikiza apo, Christoph Eschenbach ndi gulu la oimba amaimba pafupipafupi ku Carnegie Hall. Zochitika za nyengo ino zikuphatikiza kuwonetsa koyamba kwa U.Marsalis Violin Concerto ku US East Coast, ntchito yotumizidwa ndi NSO, komanso konsati yomaliza ya pulogalamu ya Exploring Mahler.

Zomwe Christoph Eschenbach akuchita panopa zikuphatikiza kupanga kwatsopano kwa opera ya B. Britten The Turn of the Screw at Milan's La Scala, amasewera ngati wotsogolera alendo ndi Orchester de Paris, National Orchestra of Spain, Seoul ndi London Philharmonic Orchestras, Philharmonic Orchestra. wa Radio Netherlands, National Orchestra of France, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra of Stockholm.

Kristof Eschenbach ali ndi ma discography ambiri ngati woyimba piyano komanso wotsogolera, akuthandizana ndi makampani angapo odziwika bwino ojambulira. Zina mwazojambula ndi NSO ndi album "Kukumbukira John F. Kennedy" ndi Ondine. Pa lebulo lomwelo, zojambulidwa zinapangidwa ndi gulu la Oimba la Philadelphia ndi Orchester de Paris; ndi chomaliza chimbale chinatulutsidwanso pa Deutsche Grammophon; Woyendetsa adalemba ndi London Philharmonic pa EMI/LPO Live, ndi London Symphony pa DG/BM, Vienna Philharmonic pa Decca, North German Radio Symphony ndi Houston Symphony pa Koch.

Ntchito zambiri za maestro pazojambula zomveka zalandira mphoto zingapo zapamwamba, kuphatikizapo Grammy mu 2014; kusankhidwa kwa "Disc of the Month" malinga ndi magazini ya BBC, "Kusankha kwa Mkonzi" malinga ndi magazini ya Gramophon, komanso mphoto yochokera ku German Association of Music Critics. Disiki ya nyimbo zolembedwa ndi Kaia Saariaho ndi Orchestra de Paris ndi soprano Karita Mattila mu 2009 adapambana mphotho ya akatswiri oweruza anyimbo zazikulu kwambiri ku Europe MIDEM (Marché International du Disque et de l'Edition Musicale). Kuonjezera apo, Christoph Eschenbach analemba nyimbo zonse za H. Mahler ndi Orchestra de Paris, zomwe zimapezeka kwaulere pa webusaiti ya woimbayo.

Ubwino wa Christoph Eschenbach umadziwika ndi mphotho zapamwamba komanso maudindo m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Maestro - Chevalier wa Order of the Legion of Honor, Commander of the Order of Arts and Fine Letters of France, Grand Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit for the Federal Republic of Germany ndi National Order of the Federal Republic of Germany; wopambana Mphoto ya L. Bernstein yoperekedwa ndi Pacific Music Festival, yemwe mtsogoleri wake waluso K. Eschenbach anali m'zaka za m'ma 90. Mu 2015 adalandira Mphotho ya Ernst von Siemens, yomwe imatchedwa "Mphotho ya Nobel" pankhani ya nyimbo.

Maestro amapereka nthawi yochuluka yophunzitsa; nthawi zonse amapereka makalasi apamwamba ku Manhattan School of Music, Kronberg Academy ndi pa Schleswig-Holstein Festival, nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi gulu la oimba la achinyamata la chikondwererocho. Pokonzekera ndi NSO ku Washington, Eschenbach amalola ophunzira anzake kutenga nawo mbali pamasewero ofanana ndi oimba a orchestra.

M’zaka zoyamba nkhondo itatha ku West Germany, luso la piyano linali lochepa kwambiri. Pazifukwa zambiri (cholowa m'mbuyomu, zofooka za maphunziro oimba, ndi mwangozi), oimba piyano German pafupifupi konse anatenga malo apamwamba mu mpikisano mayiko, sanalowe siteji yaikulu konsati. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyambira pomwe zidadziwika za mawonekedwe a mnyamata waluso, maso a okonda nyimbo adathamangira kwa iye ndi chiyembekezo. Ndipo, monga momwe zinakhalira, osati pachabe.

Conductor Eugen Jochum adamupeza ali ndi zaka 10, mnyamatayo ataphunzira kwa zaka zisanu motsogoleredwa ndi amayi ake, woyimba piyano ndi woimba Vallidor Eschenbach. Jochum anamutumiza kwa mphunzitsi wa ku Hamburg Elise Hansen. Kukwera kwina kwa Eschenbach kunali kofulumira, koma, mwamwayi, izi sizinasokoneze kukula kwake mwadongosolo komanso sizinamupangitse kukhala mwana. Ali ndi zaka 11, adakhala woyamba pampikisano wa oimba achinyamata omwe adakonzedwa ndi kampani ya Stenway ku Hamburg; ali ndi zaka 13, adachita pamwamba pa pulogalamu ya Munich International Competition ndipo adalandira mphoto yapadera; ali ndi zaka 19 adalandira mphoto ina - pa mpikisano wa ophunzira a mayunivesite a nyimbo ku Germany. Nthawi yonseyi, Eschenbach anapitirizabe kuphunzira - poyamba ku Hamburg, kenako ku Cologne Higher School of Music ndi X. Schmidt, kenako ku Hamburg ndi E. Hansen, koma osati payekha, koma ku Higher School of Music (1959-1964) ).

Kuyamba kwa ntchito yake yaukadaulo kunabweretsa Eschenbach mphotho ziwiri zapamwamba zomwe zidalipira kuleza mtima kwa anzawo - mphotho yachiwiri mumpikisano wapadziko lonse wa Munich (1962) ndi Mphotho ya Clara Haskil - mphotho yokhayo ya wopambana pampikisano wotchulidwa pambuyo pake. Lucerne (1965).

Limeneli linali likulu loyambira la wojambula - lochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Omvera anapereka msonkho ku nyimbo zake, kudzipereka ku luso, luso lathunthu la masewerawo. Ma discs awiri oyambirira a Eschenbach - nyimbo za Mozart ndi "Trout Quintet" ya Schubert (yokhala ndi "Kekkert Quartet") analandiridwa bwino ndi otsutsa. “Awo amene amamvetsera kuimba kwake kwa Mozart,” timaŵerenga m’magazini yakuti “Music,” mosapeŵeka amapeza lingaliro lakuti umunthu umawonekera pano, mwinamwake wotchedwa kuchokera pamwamba pa nthaŵi yathu ino kudzatulukiranso nyimbo za piano za mbuye wamkulu. Sitikudziwabe kumene njira yake yosankhidwa idzamutsogolera - ku Bach, Beethoven kapena Brahms, ku Schumann, Ravel kapena Bartok. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti iye amangosonyeza kumvera kodabwitsa kwauzimu (ngakhale ndi izi, mwina, zomwe zidzamupatse mtsogolo mwayi wogwirizanitsa zotsutsana za polar), komanso uzimu wolimba.

Luso la woyimba piyano wamng'ono mwamsanga linakula ndipo linapangidwa mofulumira kwambiri: munthu akhoza kutsutsa, ponena za maganizo a akatswiri ovomerezeka, kuti zaka khumi ndi theka zapitazo maonekedwe ake sanali osiyana kwambiri ndi lero. Ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya repertoire. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, zigawo zonse za mabuku a piyano omwe "Muzika" analemba, amakopeka ndi chidwi cha woyimba piyano. Sonatas wolemba Beethoven, Schubert, Liszt akumveka kwambiri m'makonsati ake. Zojambula zamasewera a Bartók, ntchito za piano za Schumann, quintets ya Schumann ndi Brahms, ma concerto a Beethoven ndi sonatas, ma sonata a Haydn, ndipo pomaliza, kusonkhanitsa kwathunthu kwa sonatas za Mozart pamarekodi asanu ndi awiri, komanso nyimbo zambiri za piano za Mozart, zojambulidwa ndi Schubert. ndi iye ndi woyimba piyano, amamasulidwa wina ndi mzake. Justus Franz. M'masewero ndi nyimbo zamakonsati, wojambula amatsimikizira nthawi zonse nyimbo zake komanso kusinthasintha kwake. Kuwunika kutanthauzira kwake kwa Beethoven kovuta kwambiri Hammerklavier sonata (Op. 106), owunikira makamaka amawona kukana chilichonse chakunja, cha miyambo yovomerezeka mu tempo, ritardando ndi njira zina, "zomwe sizili m'manoti ndi zomwe oimba piyano nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuti atsimikizire. kupambana kwawo pagulu. ” Wotsutsa X. Krelman akugogomezera, ponena za kumasulira kwake kwa Mozart, kuti “Eschenbach amaseŵera ozikidwa pa maziko olimba auzimu amene anadzipangira yekha ndi amene anakhala maziko a ntchito yaikulu ndi yodalirika kwa iye.

Pamodzi ndi zachikale, wojambula amakopekanso ndi nyimbo zamakono, ndipo olemba amakono amakopeka ndi luso lake. Ena a iwo ndi amisiri otchuka ku West Germany G. Bialas ndi H.-W. Henze, ma concerto odzipereka a piyano kwa Eschenbach, woyimba woyamba yemwe adakhala.

Ngakhale konsati Eschenbach, amene ali okhwima ndi iye yekha, si kwambiri monga anzake ena, iye anachita kale m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya ndi America, kuphatikizapo USA. Mu 1968, wojambula nawo kwa nthawi yoyamba mu Prague Spring chikondwerero. Wotsutsa wa Soviet V. Timokhin, yemwe anamvetsera kwa iye, akupereka mawonekedwe otsatirawa a Eschenbach: "Ndithudi, iye ndi woimba waluso, yemwe ali ndi malingaliro olemera a kulenga, wokhoza kupanga dziko lake la nyimbo ndikukhala moyo wovuta komanso wovuta kwambiri. moyo mu bwalo la zithunzi zake. Komabe, zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti Eschenbach ndi woimba piyano m'chipinda. Amasiya chidwi chachikulu muzolemba zokongoletsedwa ndi kusinkhasinkha kwanyimbo komanso kukongola kwandakatulo. Koma luso lochititsa chidwi la woyimba piyano lopanga dziko lake loimba limatipangitsa ife, ngati sichiri chonse, tigwirizane naye, ndiye ndi chidwi chopanda malire, timatsatira momwe amazindikirira malingaliro ake oyambirira, momwe amapangira malingaliro ake. Ichi, mwa lingaliro langa, ndicho chifukwa cha kupambana kwakukulu komwe Eschenbach amasangalala ndi omvera ake.

Monga tikuonera, m'mawu omwe ali pamwambawa pafupifupi palibe chomwe chimanenedwa za njira ya Eschenbach, ndipo ngati amatchula njira zaumwini, zimangogwirizana ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi malingaliro ake. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti luso ndilo gawo lofooka la wojambula, koma m'malo mwake liyenera kuwonedwa ngati chitamando chachikulu cha luso lake. Komabe, luso akadali kutali kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu chimene iye akusowa - ndi kukula kwa mfundo, mphamvu zinachitikira, kotero khalidwe la woimba piyano wamkulu German m'mbuyomu. Ndipo ngati m'mbuyomu ambiri adaneneratu kuti Eschenbach ndiye wolowa m'malo mwa Backhaus ndi Kempf, zoneneratu zotere zitha kumveka pafupipafupi. Koma kumbukirani kuti onse awiri adakumananso ndi nthawi yoyimirira, adatsutsidwa kwambiri ndipo adakhala maestro enieni pazaka zolemekezeka kwambiri.

Komabe, panali chochitika chimodzi chomwe chikanalepheretsa Eschenbach kukwera pamlingo winanso pakuimba kwake piyano. Mkhalidwe uwu ndi chilakolako chochita, chomwe iye, malinga ndi iye, ankalota kuyambira ali mwana. Anayamba kukhala wotsogolera pamene anali kuphunzira ku Hamburg: kenako anatsogolera ophunzira kupanga opera ya Hindemith Timamanga Mzinda. Pambuyo pa zaka 10, wojambulayo adayimilira kwa nthawi yoyamba kumbuyo kwa oimba a akatswiri oimba ndikuchita nyimbo za Third Symphony ya Bruckner. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, gawo lakuchita zisudzo mu nthawi yake yotanganidwa likuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ndipo linafika pafupifupi 80 peresenti kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80. Tsopano Eschenbach samayimba piyano kawirikawiri, koma adadziwikabe chifukwa cha kutanthauzira kwake kwa nyimbo za Mozart ndi Schubert, komanso machitidwe a duet ndi Zimon Barto.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990