Bell: zida zikuchokera, mbiri, ntchito, mitundu

Woimira wakale wa banja la percussion ali ndi tanthauzo lopatulika m'mawu ake. M’mizinda iliyonse ya ku Russia, mabelu atchalitchi amamveka olengeza za kuyamba kwa utumiki waumulungu. Ndipo m'lingaliro la maphunziro, ichi ndi chida choimbira cha orchestra, chomwe mbiri yake imabwerera ku nthano za nthawi.

Chida cha Bell

Amakhala ndi dome yopanda kanthu momwe phokoso limapangidwira, ndi lilime lomwe lili mkati mwa axis. Chigawo cham'munsi chikukulitsidwa, chapamwamba ndi chopapatiza, chovekedwa korona ndi "mutu" ndi "korona". Mapangidwewo amapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri amakhala belu lamkuwa, chitsulo chosasunthika, chitsulo, ngakhale magalasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chipangizocho chimayimitsidwa pa chothandizira kapena chokhazikika pamtunda wogwedeza. Phokosoli limakhala losangalala pogwedeza lilime ndikuligunda pamakoma, kapena kugwedeza dome lokha.

Ku Ulaya, mabelu omwe alibe lilime amapezeka kwambiri. Kuti atulutse phokoso, amafunika kumenyedwa ndi mallet pa dome. Anthu a ku Ulaya akugwedeza thupi lokha, ndipo mu chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Russia chinenerocho chimayamba kuyenda.

History

Mwachidziwikire mabelu oyamba atha kuwonekera ku China. Zomwe zapezeka m'zaka za zana la XNUMX BC zimachitira umboni izi. Chida choyamba choimbira cha makope angapo adapangidwanso ndi achi China. Ku Ulaya, nyumba zoterezi zinawonekera zaka mazana awiri pambuyo pake.

Ku Russia, mbiri ya belu inayamba pamene Chikhristu chinayamba. Kuyambira kale, anthu ankakhulupirira kuti kulira, phokoso, rattling amathamangitsa mizimu yoipa, mabelu akhala khalidwe la shamans kwa zaka zambiri.

Kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, mabelu amazidziwitso adawonekera ku Novgorod, Vladimir, Rostov, Moscow, ndi Tver. Anatumizidwa kunja. Chiyambi cha dzinali chimachokera ku liwu lakale la Chirasha "kol", kutanthauza "kuzungulira" kapena "gudumu".

Ndipo mu 1579 ku Novgorod kunapezeka malo osungiramo mabelu. Ambuye adatha kupeza njira yoyenera ya aloyi, iyenera kukhala 80 peresenti yamkuwa ndi 20 peresenti ya malata.

Ku Russia m'zaka za m'ma 18, zida izi zinali ndi kulemera ndi miyeso yosiyana. Miyeso ya ena inali yochititsa chidwi kwambiri moti anapatsa chipangizocho dzina. Mayina a mabelu monga "Tsar Bell", "Annunciation", "Godunovsky" amadziwika.

Pali mafayilo osiyanasiyana osangalatsa okhudza mabelu:

• Kumayambiriro kwa Chikristu, iwo ankaonedwa ngati mikhalidwe yachikunja.
• M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, chida ichi chikanatha kugwira ntchito kutali ndi chikhulupiriro cha Orthodox: ku Italy chinayitana pamene inali nthawi yoika mtanda wa mkate, ku Germany phokoso likhoza kutanthauza chiyambi cha kuyeretsa m'misewu, ndipo ku Poland adadziwitsa anthu okhalamo. kuti malo ogulitsa moŵa anali atatsegulidwa.
• Mukasintha otsogolera pa International Space Station, belu limayimbidwa nthawi zonse.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoimbira kunasiya pomwe a Bolshevik adayamba kulamulira. Mu 1917, matchalitchi adawonongeka, mabelu adaperekedwa kuzitsulo zopanda chitsulo kuti zisungunuke. Ku malaibulale. Lenin ku Moscow, mukhoza kuona zojambula zapamwamba ndi zithunzi za asayansi ndi olemba. Kuti apange izo, zida zotengedwa m'mabelu a matchalitchi asanu ndi atatu a m'mizinda yayikulu zidasungunuka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mabelu

Mu nyimbo za ku Russia, kugwiritsa ntchito belu lachikale kumatengera mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Kukula kwake kumapangitsa kuti phokoso lake likhale lochepa. Chidacho ndi monophonic, ndiko kuti, chimatha kupanga phokoso limodzi lokha. Wapakati amalembedwa muzolemba mu bass clef octave yotsika kuposa phokoso, yaying'ono - mu bass clef. Kulemera kwambiri kwa belu lokhala ndi phokoso lochepa kwambiri kumalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake mu nyimbo chifukwa cha zosatheka kuyiyika pa siteji.

Olemba ankagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabelu kuti agogomeze zotsatira zapadera zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwembucho. Zojambula zakale zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo owonetsera kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Iwo adasinthidwa ndi oimba oimba, omwe adayamba kuwoneka mosiyana - iyi ndi machubu omwe amaikidwa pa chimango.

Mu nyimbo Russian, percussion chida ichi ntchito mu ntchito zawo ndi Glinka, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninoff, Rimsky-Korsakov. Mwambowu udapitilizidwa ndi olemba otchuka azaka za zana la XNUMX: Shchedrin, Petrov, Sviridov.

Mitundu ya mabelu

Tsatanetsatane wa phokoso ndi mapangidwe a zida zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuzigawa m'mitundu ingapo:

• kulira - pakhoza kukhala chiwerengero chosiyana cha iwo, malirime amalumikizana wina ndi mzake ndi chingwe chophatikizidwa ndi chingwe chowombera;
• kugunda - bwerani mu mawonekedwe a makope olumikizidwa 2,3 4;
• sing'anga - mitundu ya mabelu omwe amathandiza kukongoletsa kulira kwakukulu;
• amithenga ndi chida cholozera chomwe chimathandiza kuyitanitsa anthu kuti azigwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana (tchuthi, masiku a sabata, Lamlungu).

M'masiku akale, mayina oyenera a mabelu adawonekera: "Perespor", "Falcon", "George", "Gospodar", "Bear".

Chimes - mtundu wina, wosiyana womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabelu okhala ndi mawotchi. Awa ndi mabelu amitundu yosiyanasiyana okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, okonzedwa molingana ndi sikelo ya chromatic kapena diatonic.