Балис Дварионас (Balys Dvarionas) |

Balys Dvarionas

B. Dvarionas, wojambula waluso, woyimba, woyimba piyano, wotsogolera, mphunzitsi, adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa chikhalidwe cha nyimbo za ku Lithuania. Ntchito yake imagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyimbo zachi Lithuanian. Ndi iye amene anatsimikiza melodiousness chinenero nyimbo Dvarionas, zochokera tonations wa nyimbo wowerengeka; kuphweka ndi kumveka kwa mawonekedwe, kuganiza kwa harmonic; rhapsodic, improvisational presentation. Ntchito ya Woyimba wa Dvarionas imaphatikizana ndi machitidwe ake. Mu 1924 anamaliza maphunziro a piyano ku Leipzig Conservatory ndi R. Teichmüller, kenako anaphunzira bwino ndi E. Petri. Kuyambira ali wophunzira ankaimba piyano mu konsati, anapita ku France, Hungary, Germany, Switzerland, ndi Sweden.

Dvarionas adalera gulu lonse la oimba - kuyambira 1926 adaphunzitsa kalasi ya piyano ku Kaunas School of Music, kuyambira 1933 - ku Kaunas Conservatory. Kuyambira 1949 mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake anali pulofesa ku Lithuanian State Conservatory. Dvarionas nayenso anali wotsogolera. Kale kondakitala wokhwima, iye kunja amatenga mayeso ndi G. Abendroth ku Leipzig (1939). Kondakitala N. Malko, amene anayendera ulendo ku Kaunas chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 30, ananena za Dvarionas kuti: “Iye ndi wotsogolera amene ali ndi luso lobadwa nalo, woimba watcheru, wodziŵa zimene zikufunika ndiponso zimene angapemphe gulu la oimba limene wapatsidwa.” N'zovuta kulingalira kufunika kwa Dvarionas kulimbikitsa dziko akatswiri nyimbo: mmodzi wa okonda woyamba Lithuanian, iye anadziikira cholinga chochita ntchito za oimba Chilituyaniya osati Lithuania, koma m'dziko lonselo ndi kunja. Iye anali woyamba kuchititsa ndakatulo ya symphonic "Nyanja" ya MK Čiurlionis, yomwe ili m'mapulogalamu a ma concerts ake ntchito za J. Gruodis, J. Karnavičius, J. Tallat-Kelpsa, A. Raciunas ndi ena. Dvarionas adachitanso ntchito za oimba aku Russia, Soviet ndi akunja. Mu 1936, D. Shostakovich's First Symphony inachitikira ku bourgeois Lithuania motsogoleredwa ndi iye. Mu 1940, Dvarionas adakonza ndikutsogolera Vilnius City Symphony Orchestra, mu 40-50s. anali wotsogolera wamkulu wa Lithuanian Philharmonic Orchestra, wotsogolera wamkulu wa Zikondwerero za Nyimbo za Republican. “Nyimboyi imasangalatsa anthu. Chisangalalo, komabe, chimapangitsa mphamvu ya moyo, pa ntchito yolenga, "Dvarionas analemba pambuyo pa chikondwerero cha nyimbo za mumzinda wa Vilnius mu 1959. Dvarionas, wotsogolera, analankhula ndi oimba akuluakulu a m'zaka za zana lathu: S. Prokofiev, I. Hoffman, A. . Rubinstein, E. Petri , E. Gilels, G. Neuhaus.

Ntchito yoyamba yaikulu ya wolembayo inali nyimbo ya ballet "Matchmaking" (1931). Pamodzi ndi J. Gruodis, mlembi wa ballet Jurate ndi Kastytis, ndi V. Batsevicius, amene analemba ballet Mu Whirlwind of Dance, Dvarionas anali pachiyambi cha mtundu uwu mu nyimbo za ku Lithuania. Chochitika chofunikira chotsatira chinali "Festive Overture" (1946), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "At the Amber Shore". M'chithunzichi cha okhestra, mitu yochititsa chidwi, yopupuluma imasinthana mwachidwi ndi nyimbo zotengera miyambo ya anthu.

Pamwambo wazaka 30 za Kusintha Kwakukulu kwa Okutobala, Dvarionas adalemba Symphony mu E minor, nyimbo yoyamba yaku Lithuania. Zomwe zili mkati mwake zimatsimikiziridwa ndi epigraph: "Ndimagwadira dziko langa." Chinsalu ichi cha symphonic chimadzazidwa ndi chikondi cha chilengedwe, kwa anthu ake. Pafupifupi mitu yonse ya Symphony ili pafupi ndi nyimbo ndi mavinidwe achi Lithuanian.

Patatha chaka chimodzi, imodzi mwa ntchito zabwino kwambiri za Dvarionas - Concerto ya Violin ndi Orchestra (1948), yomwe idakhala kupambana kwakukulu kwa luso lanyimbo la dziko. Kulowa kwa akatswiri a nyimbo zaku Lithuania m'bwalo la All-Union ndi mayiko akulumikizidwa ndi ntchitoyi. Kudzaza nsalu ya Concerto ndi kuyimba kwanyimbo, woipekayo akuphatikizamo miyambo ya konsati yanyimbo yazaka za zana la XNUMX. The zikuchokera captivates ndi melodism, kuwolowa manja kwa kaleidoscopically kusintha thematic zinthu. Zotsatira za Concerto ndizomveka komanso zowonekera. Dvarionas amagwiritsa ntchito pano nyimbo zowerengeka "Autumn Morning" ndi "Mowa, Mowa" (yachiwiri inalembedwa ndi woimbayo).

Mu 1950, Dvarionas, pamodzi ndi woimba I. Svyadas, analemba nyimbo ya National Anthem ya Lithuanian SSR ku mawu a A. Venclova. Mtundu woyimba wa concerto umayimiridwa mu ntchito ya Dvarionas ndi ntchito zina zitatu. Awa ndi makonsati 2 a chida chake cha piyano chomwe amachikonda (1960, 1962) ndi Concerto ya lipenga ndi orchestra (1963). Konsati yoyamba ya piyano ndi nyimbo yochititsa chidwi kwambiri yomwe inaperekedwa ku chikumbutso cha 20 cha Soviet Lithuania. Zida zam'mutu za concerto ndizoyambirira, magawo 4 omwe, pazosiyana zawo zonse, amalumikizidwa ndi mitu yofananira kutengera zinthu zamakolo. Kotero, mu gawo 1 komanso pamapeto pake, kumveka kosinthidwa kwa nyimbo ya anthu a ku Lithuania "O, kuwala kukuyaka". Kuyimba kokongola kwa nyimboyo kumayambitsa gawo la piyano payekha. Kuphatikizika kwa ma Timbre ndikosavuta, mwachitsanzo, pang'onopang'ono gawo lachitatu la concerto, piyano imamveka mosagwirizana mu duet yokhala ndi lipenga laku France. Mu concerto, wolembayo amagwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe amamukonda kwambiri - rhapsody, yomwe imasonyezedwa bwino kwambiri pakukula kwa mitu ya gulu loyamba. Zolembazo zimakhala ndi magawo ambiri amtundu wamtundu wovina, zomwe zimakumbutsa anthu amtundu wa sutartines.

Wachiwiri piyano concerto linalembedwa soloist ndi chipinda oimba oimba, anadzipereka kwa achinyamata, amene tsogolo. Mu 1954, pa Zaka khumi za Zolemba ndi Zojambula za ku Lithuania ku Moscow, nyimbo ya Dvarionas "Moni ku Moscow" (pa st. T. Tilvitis) inaimbidwa ndi baritone, kwaya yosakanikirana ndi okhestra. Ntchitoyi inakhala ngati kukonzekera kwa opera yokhayo ndi Dvarionas - "Dalia" (1958), yolembedwa pa chiwembu cha sewero la B. Sruoga "The Predawn Share" (libre. I. Matskonis). Opera imachokera ku chiwembu chochokera ku mbiri ya anthu a ku Lithuania - kuukira kwankhanza kwa anthu a ku Samogitian mu 1769. Munthu wamkulu wa chinsalu cha mbiri yakale ichi, Dalia Radailaite, amamwalira, akukonda imfa kuposa ukapolo.

“Mukamvetsera nyimbo za Dvarionas, mumamva kuti woimbayo akulowa modabwitsa m’miyoyo ya anthu ake, mmene dziko lake lilili, mbiri yake, masiku ake amakono. Zinali ngati mtima wa mbadwa za Lithuania anafotokoza zonse zofunika kwambiri ndi wapamtima kudzera mu nyimbo za waluso kwambiri wopeka… Dvarionas moyenerera otenga ake apadera, kwambiri malo mu Lithuanian nyimbo. Ntchito yake si thumba la golide la luso la Republic. Zimakongoletsa chikhalidwe chonse cha mayiko a Soviet oimba nyimbo. " (E. Svetlanov).

N. Aleksenko