Bella Mikhailovna Davidovich |

Bella Davidovich

…Malinga ndi mwambo wa banja, mtsikana wa zaka zitatu, osadziwa zolembazo, ananyamula imodzi mwa mawaltzes a Chopin ndi khutu. Mwina ndi choncho, kapena izi ndi nthano zamtsogolo. Koma muzochitika zonse ndi zophiphiritsa kuti limba wakhanda Bella Davidovich kugwirizana ndi dzina la namatetule nyimbo Polish. Kupatula apo, inali "nyumba yowunikira" ya Chopin yomwe idamubweretsa ku siteji ya konsati, idadziwika pa dzina lake ...

Komabe, zonsezi zinachitika pambuyo pake. Ndipo luso lake kuwonekera koyamba kugulu linayang'anizana ndi mafunde osiyana repertoire: mu mzinda kwawo Baku, iye ankaimba "Beethoven's First Concerto" ndi oimba oimba ndi Nikolai Anosov. Ngakhale pamenepo, akatswiri adawonetsa chidwi chodabwitsa chaukadaulo wa zala zake komanso kukongola kochititsa chidwi kwa legato yobadwa nayo. Pa Moscow Conservatory, iye anayamba kuphunzira ndi KN Igumnov, ndipo pambuyo pa imfa ya mphunzitsi kwambiri, iye anasamukira ku kalasi ya wophunzira wake Ya. V. Flier. “Nthaŵi ina,” woimba limba anakumbukira motero, “ndinayang’ana m’kalasi la Yakov Vladimirovich Flier. Ndinkafuna kukambirana naye za Rhapsody ya Rakhmaninov pa Mutu wa Paganini ndikuyimba piano ziwiri. Msonkhano uwu, pafupifupi mwangozi, unasankha tsogolo langa wophunzira. Phunziro ndi Flier linandikhudza kwambiri - muyenera kudziwa Yakov Vladimirovich pamene ali bwino ... - kuti nthawi yomweyo, popanda kuchedwa kwa mphindi imodzi, ndinapempha kuti ndikhale wophunzira wake. Ndimakumbukira kuti ankandichititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi luso lake laluso, kukonda kwambiri nyimbo, ndiponso khalidwe lake lophunzitsa. Tikuwona kuti woyimba piyano waluso adatengera makhalidwe awa kuchokera kwa mphunzitsi wake.

Ndipo apa ndi momwe pulofesa yekha anakumbukira zaka izi: "Kugwira ntchito ndi Davidovich kunali chimwemwe chonse. Anakonza nyimbo zatsopano mosavuta. Kumvetsera kwake nyimbo kunakula kwambiri moti sindinkafunikanso kubwereranso ku izi kapena kachigawo kameneko m'maphunziro anga ndi iye. Davidovich modabwitsa modabwitsa adamva kalembedwe ka olemba osiyanasiyana - akale, okondana, owonetsa chidwi, olemba amakono. Ndipo komabe, Chopin anali pafupi naye kwambiri.

Inde, chikhalidwe chauzimu ichi cha nyimbo za Chopin, cholimbikitsidwa ndi luso la sukulu ya Flier, chinawululidwa ngakhale m'zaka zake za ophunzira. Mu 1949, wophunzira wosadziwika wa Moscow Conservatory anakhala mmodzi mwa opambana awiri a mpikisano woyamba pambuyo pa nkhondo ku Warsaw - pamodzi ndi Galina Czerny-Stefanskaya. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ntchito Davidovich konsati nthawi zonse pa kukwera mzere. Atamaliza maphunziro awo kusukulu ya zamaphunziro mu 1951, anakhoza kwa zaka zina zitatu kusukulu yomaliza maphunziro ndi Flier, ndiyeno anaphunzitsanso kalasi mmenemo. Koma konsati inakhala chinthu chachikulu. Kwa nthawi yayitali, nyimbo za Chopin zinali gawo lalikulu la chidwi chake. Palibe mapulogalamu ake omwe angachite popanda ntchito zake, ndipo ndi Chopin kuti ali ndi ngongole ya kukula kwake pakutchuka. Katswiri wabwino kwambiri wa piyano cantilena, adadziwonetsera yekha m'magulu anyimbo ndi ndakatulo: chilengedwe cha kufalitsa mawu a nyimbo, luso la mitundu, luso loyeretsedwa, kukongola kwa luso - izi ndi makhalidwe omwe ali nawo. ndi kugonjetsa mitima ya omvera.

Koma nthawi yomweyo, Davidovich sanakhale "katswiri wa Chopin". Pang'onopang'ono, adakulitsa malire a nyimbo zake, kuphatikizapo masamba ambiri a nyimbo za Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann, Brahms, Debussy, ​​Prokofiev, Shostakovich. Madzulo a symphony, amachita ma concerto a Beethoven, Saint-Saens, Rachmaninov, Gershwin (ndipo ndithudi, Chopin) ... "Choyamba, okondana ali pafupi kwambiri ndi ine, - Davidovich adanena mu 1975. - Ndakhala ndikusewera nawo. nthawi yayitali. Ndimachita zambiri za Prokofiev ndipo mosangalala ndimadutsamo ndi ophunzira ku Moscow Conservatory ... Ndili ndi zaka 12, wophunzira wa Central Music School, ndidasewera Bach's English Suite ku G Minor madzulo a ophunzira a dipatimenti ya Igumnov ndipo analandira chizindikiro chapamwamba kwambiri m'manyuzipepala. Sindikuwopa zitonzo za kusasamala, chifukwa ndili wokonzeka kuwonjezera zotsatirazi; ngakhale nditakula, sindinayerekeze konse kuphatikiza Bach m'mapulogalamu a nyimbo zanga ndekha. Koma sindimangodutsa m'mawu oyamba ndi ma fugues ndi nyimbo zina za polyphonist wamkulu ndi ophunzira: nyimbozi zili m'makutu mwanga, m'mutu mwanga, chifukwa, pokhala mu nyimbo, simungathe kuchita popanda iwo. Kupangidwa kwina, kodziwika bwino ndi zala, sikunathetsedwe kwa inu, ngati kuti simunathe kumva malingaliro achinsinsi a wolemba. Zomwezo zimachitika ndi masewero okondedwa - njira imodzi kapena ina mumabwera kwa iwo pambuyo pake, opindula ndi zochitika pamoyo.

Mawu aataliwa akutifotokozera zomwe zinali njira zopangira luso la woyimba piyano ndikulemeretsa nyimbo zake, komanso zimatipatsa zifukwa zomveka zoyendetsera luso lake. Palibe mwangozi, monga momwe tikuwonera tsopano, kuti Davidovich pafupifupi samaimba nyimbo zamakono: choyamba, zimakhala zovuta kuti asonyeze chida chake chachikulu pano - nyimbo yochititsa chidwi ya cantilena, luso loimba pa piyano, ndipo kachiwiri, iye ali. osakhudzidwa ndi zongopeka, zololeza komanso zopanga bwino mu nyimbo. “Mwinamwake ndiyenera kudzudzulidwa chifukwa cha malire anga ochepera,” anavomereza motero wojambulayo. "Koma sindingathe kusintha limodzi mwamalamulo anga opanga: sungakhale wosaona mtima pakuchita."

Kutsutsa kwa nthawi yaitali kumatchedwa Bella Davidovich wolemba ndakatulo wa piyano. Kungakhale kolondola kusintha mawu wambawa ndi ena: woyimba piyano. Kwa iye, kuyimba chida nthawi zonse kunali kofanana ndi kuyimba, iye mwiniyo adavomereza kuti "amamva nyimbo momveka bwino." Ichi ndi chinsinsi chapadera cha luso lake, lomwe likuwonekera momveka bwino osati pakuchita payekha, komanso pamodzi. Kubwerera m'zaka za m'ma 1988, nthawi zambiri ankasewera duet ndi mwamuna wake, woyimba zeze waluso amene anamwalira oyambirira, Yulian Sitkovetsky, kenako ndi Igor Oistrakh, nthawi zambiri amachita ndi kulemba ndi mwana wake, wodziwika kale woyimba zeze wotchedwa Dmitry Sitkovetsky. Woyimba piyano wakhala ku USA pafupifupi zaka khumi tsopano. Ntchito yake yoyendera alendo posachedwapa yakula kwambiri, ndipo wakwanitsa kuti asasocheretsedwe ndi ma virtuosos omwe amawonekera pachaka pamakonsati padziko lonse lapansi. "Piyano yake yachikazi" m'lingaliro labwino kwambiri la liwu limakhudza maziko awa mwamphamvu kwambiri komanso mosaletseka. Izi zinatsimikiziridwa ndi ulendo wake ku Moscow mu XNUMX.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990